Marma rosea (Mello-Leitão, 1941)

Salgado, Alexandre & Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., 2020, Taxonomic revision of Marma Simon, 1902 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini), Zootaxa 4899 (1), pp. 287-353 : 338-344

Marma rosea (Mello-Leitão, 1941) , revalidated

Figures 1C , 47–52 , 57H , 58J

Agelista rosea Mello-Leitão, 1941: 180 (Holotype ♀: ARGENTINA: Salta, deposited in MLP 14965—examined).

Paralophostica centralis Soares & Camargo, 1948: 397 [Lectotype ♁, here designated: BRAZIL: Goiás: Aragarças [15°53’40.6”S, 52°15’20.9”W], leg. H. Sick, 15–22.IX.1946, deposited in MZUSP E-740/C-1334]; paralectotype ♀ and paralectotype ♁: Same data as lectotype, deposited in MZUSP E-740/C-1335, examined]. Syn. nov .

Note. Marma rosea was previously considered one of the synonyms of M. nigritarsis . The difference between these species was explained in the diagnosis of M. nigritarsis above. The comparisons among the female types of M. rosea ( Figs 49 D–F) and Paralophostica centralis ( Figs 49 A–C) provided some evidence that both belong to the same species. However, the lack of a topotypic male type for M. rosea precludes comparisons and makes it difficult to provide an accurate result. Despite this, because of the many morphological similarities among their epigynes ( Figs 49C, F ) we decided to synonymize these species. The male is described based on a freshly collected specimen ( Figs 48 E–G) and the female based on the well-conserved paralectotype of P. centralis ( Figs 49 A–C).

Revised diagnosis. Among all Marma species, M. rosea shares more similarities with M. argentina and M. spelunca sp. nov. The males of these species have a thick embolic disc, with both borders curved ( Figs 44C , 46A , 48C , 50A , 53C , 55A , 57 G–I), and females have very long copulatory ducts that encircle the primary spermathecae and almost touch each other ( Figs 45F , 46D , 49F , 50G , 54C , 55G , 58 I–K). However, the male of M. rosea differs by having the retrolateral border of the embolic disc with more accentuated curvature than the prolateral edge ( Figs 48C , 50A, C , 57H ), whereas both borders have approximately symmetrical curvature in M. argentina ( Figs 44C , 46A , 57G ) and M. spelunca sp. nov. ( Figs 53C , 55A , 57I ). Also, the females of M. rosea differ from those of M. spelunca sp. nov. by having smaller copulatory openings ( Figs 49C , 54C ), and they differ from those of M. argentina by having the primary spermathecae without their initial region expanded to lateral side ( Figs 46C , 50F , 58 I–J).

Description. Male (MPEG 34360). Total length: 3.02. Carapace 1.85 long, 1.27 wide, 0.98 high. Ocular quadrangle 0.82 long. Anterior eye row 1.29 wide, posterior 1.05 wide. Legs 4312. Length of legs: I 3.35 (1.05 + 1.24 + 1.06); II 3.12 (1.00 + 1.12 + 1.00); III 3.77 (1.24 + 1.31 + 1.22); IV 3.90 (1.20 + 1.30 + 1.40).

Leg macrosetae: Femur I d1-1-1, p1di, r0; II–IV d1-1-1, p1di, r1di. Patella I–II 0; III–IV p0, r1. Tibia I p0-1-0, r0, v1r-2-2; II p0-1-0, r0 (or r0-1-0), v1r-2-2; III p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-0-2; IV p1-1-0, r 1-1-0, v1p-0-2 (or v1r-0-2). Metatarsus I p1di, r0, v2-2; II p1-1, r0-1, v2-2; III p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v2-0-2; IV p1-1-2, r1-1-2, v1p-0-2.

Color in alcohol ( Figs 48 E–F): carapace with triangle of scales pointing backwards; abdomen ventrally dark brown; legs: femur I distal region with dark retrolateral spot, II with incomplete dark distal ring (prolaterally not colored) and proximal region with prolateral and retrolateral dark spot, III with incomplete dark distal ring (ventrally not totally colored) and proximal region with dark prolateral spot, IV with incomplete dark distal ring (ventrally not colored); tibia I–II with dark proximal ring, III–IV with dark proximal ring and distal portion with prolateral and retrolateral dark spot; tarsus I black, II with black tip, III–IV with dark proximal ring.

Palp: RTA finger-shaped ( Figs 48D , 50B , 52D ); embolic disc with curved edges (retrolateral edge with more accentuated curvature; Figs 48C, G , 50A, C , 52A ); PED long (about three times the length of exposed portion of embolic disc), emerging from middle-distal part of embolic disc ( Figs 50A, 50E ); tip of embolus ends slightly beyond tip of PED ( Figs 50A, E ).

Female (Paralectotype, MZUSP E-740/C-1335). Total length: 3.22. Carapace 1.73 long, 1.21 wide, 0.89 high. Ocular quadrangle 0.80 long. Anterior eye row 1.13 wide, posterior 1.00 wide. Legs 3412. Length of legs: I 2.82 (0.97 + 1.02 + 0.83); II 2.71 (0.91 + 0.99 + 0.81); III 3.78 (1.23 + 1.29 + 1.26); IV 3.76 (1.17 + 1.25 + 1.34).

Leg macrosetae: Femur I–II d1-1-1, p1di, r1di; III d1-1-1, p1di, r1di (or r0); IV d1-1-1, p1di, r0; Patella I–II 0; III–IV p0, r1; Tibia I p0-1-0, r0, v2-2-2; II p0-1-0, r0, v1r-2-2; III–IV p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-0-2; Metatarsus I p1di, r0, v2-2; II p1-1, r0-1, v2-2; III p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v2-0-2; IV p1-1-2, r1-1-2, v1p-0-2.

Color in alcohol ( Figs 49 A–B): pattern of carapace setae is lost; abdomen ventrally with pale central portion and with two variegated dark brown stripes on edges; legs: femur I with dark prolateral stripe, distal region with dark retrodorsal spot and proximal region with dark retrolateral spot, II with incomplete dark distal ring (ventrally not totally colored) and proximal region with prolateral and retrolateral dark spot, III–IV with proximal and distal dark ring; tibia I–IV with dark proximal ring and distal region with prolateral and retrolateral dark spot; tarsus I–II without dark marks, III–IV with dark proximal ring.

Epigyne ( Figs 49C, F , 50 F–G): copulatory openings very close to each other, placed more anteriorly than primary spermathecae; copulatory ducts long, encircling primary spermathecae; proximal copulatory duct approximately with same length as distal section; primary spermathecae slightly arched, with distal region slightly dilated.

Other material examined. BRAZIL: Piauí: Brasileira & Piracuruca, Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades , 04°3’33.09”S, 41°42’58.70”W, leg. D.F. Candiani, 2.XII.2006, 1♀ ( MPEG 37177 ) ; Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, 04°5’39.9’’S, 41°43’53.3’’W, leg. E.B.O. Marques, 13.XII.2003 – 17.XII.2004, 4♁ ( MPEG 9845 , 9853 , 9859 , 9921 ) , leg. F.M. Oliveira-Neto, 13.XII.2004, 2♁ ( MPEG 9834 , 9885 ) , leg. L.S. Carvalho et. al., 17.XII.2004 – X.2006, 2♀ ( MPEG 9871 , 9922 ) ; Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades , 04°05’45.1”S, 41°43’55.8”W, leg. L.S. Carvalho et al., 11.XII.2007, 1♀ ( MPEG 37178 ) ; Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades , 04°05’56.2”S, 41°43’12.9”W, leg. L.S. Carvalho, 28.III.2005, 1♀ ( MPEG 37179 ) , 1♁ ( MPEG 37180 ) , leg. L.S. Carvalho, unknown date, 1♀ ( MPEG 37181 ) , leg. F.M.O. Neto, 24.III.2005, 1♀ ( MPEG 37182 ) ; Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades , 04°05’56.3”S, 41°05’56.3”W, leg. L. S. Carvalho et al., 24.VI.2007, 1♁ ( MPEG 37183 ) , 1♀ ( MPEG 37184 ) ; Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades , 04°05’57.5”S, 41°43’01.3”W, leg. L.S. Carvalho, 6.XII.2006, 1♁ ( MPEG 37185 ) ; Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades , 04°07’53.1’’S, 41°42’44.1’’W, leg. E.B.O Marques, 26.XII.2004, 1♁ ( MPEG 9904 ) ; Castelo do Piauí, Fazenda Bonito, ECB Rochas Ornamentais LTDA [05°19’05.9”S, 41°33’00.8”W], leg. L.S. Carvalho et al., unknown date, 2♁ ( MPEG 37186 ) , 1♁ ( MPEG 37187 ) . Pará: S„o Geraldo do Araguaia, near to Santa Cruz Village , 06°12’15.5”S, 48°26’22.6”W, leg. A. Salgado, 1–3.XI.2019, 3♁ ( MPEG 34360 , 37188 , 37189 ) ; São Geraldo do Araguaia, Ideflor , 06°24’08.9”S, 48°33’32.8”W, leg. A. Salgado, 31.X.2019, 1♀ ( MPEG 37190 ) , 2♁ ( MPEG 37191 , 37192 ) . Tocantins: Pium, Trilha Cezar Machado , 09°23’04.7”S, 50°00’06.3”W, leg. E.L.S. da Costa, 14.V.2016, 1♁ ( MPEG 34359 ) .

Distribution. Known from the Brazilian states of Goiás, Pará, Piauí and Tocantins and from the province of Salta, Argentina ( Fig. 59A ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Marma Simon, 1902. A–E live specimens in different habitats [A M. nigritarsis from Belém/Pará/Brazil, on urban construction (Photo credit: César Favacho); B M. linae sp. nov. from São Geraldo do Araguaia/Pará/Brazil, on tree trunk; C M. rosea from São Geraldo do Araguaia/Pará/Brazil, on a wall of an urban construction; D M. nigritarsis from Belém/Pará/Brazil, on a substrate with moss; E M. wesolowskae sp. nov. from Buíque/Pernambuco/Brazil, on rocks].

FIGURE 44. Male of Marma argentina (Mello-Leit„o, 1941), specimen from Cura Brochero/Córdoba/Argentina (MACN-Ar 39650). A–B habitus (A dorsal, B ventral); C–D left palp (C ventral, D retrolateral).

FIGURE 45. Females of Marma argentina (Mello-Leit„o, 1941). A–C holotype of Ocnotelus argentinus, MLP 14980 (A habitus, dorsal; B ventral; C cleared epigyne, ventral); D–F holotype of Thysema dorae, MLP 16300 (D habitus, dorsal; E ventral; F cleared epigyne, ventral). G–I specimen from Cura Brochero/Córdoba/Argentina, MACN-Ar 39648 (G habitus, dorsal; H ven- tral; I cleared epigyne, left side, ventral). Abbreviations: BG—Bennett’s gland; cd—copulatory duct; co—copulatory opening; ets—endothecal spikes; fd—fertilization duct; PS—primary spermatheca; SS—secondary spermatheca.

FIGURE 46. Marma argentina (Mello-Leit„o, 1941). A–B left male palp, specimen from Cura Brochero/Córdoba/Argentina, MACN-Ar 39650 (A ventral, B retrolateral); C–D Epigyne/vulva, holotype of Thysema dorae, MLP 16300 (C ventral; D cleared, ventral). Abbreviations: BG—Bennett’s gland; cc—cymbial conductor; cd—copulatory duct; co—copulatory open- ing; e—embolus shaft; ed—embolic disc; fd—fertilization duct; PED—process on embolic disc; PS—primary spermatheca; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; SS—secondary spermatheca.

FIGURE 47. Marma rosea (Mello-Leit„o, 1941), live specimens from S„o Geraldo do Araguaia/Pará/Brazil.A–C male (A dorsal, B lateral, C frontal). D–F female (D dorsal, E lateral, F frontal). Black arrows in B show black tarsus in male front legs.

FIGURE 48. Males of Marma rosea (Mello-Leit„o, 1941). A–D types of Paralophostica centralis [A habitus (Lectotype ♁, MZUSP E.740 C.1334), dorsal; B ventral; C left palp (paralectotype ♁, MZUSP E.740 C.1335), ventral; D retrolateral]; E–G specimen from São Geraldo do Araguaia/Pará/Brasil, MPEG 34360 (E habitus, dorsal; F ventral; G left palp, ventral). White arrows in F show black tarsi on legs I and II.

FIGURE 49. Females of Marma rosea (Mello-Leit„o, 1941). A–C paralectotype of Paralophostica centralis (MZUSP E.740 C.1335) (A dorsal; B ventral; C cleared epigyne, ventral); D–F holotype of Agelista rosea (MLP 14965) (D dorsal; E ventral; F cleared epigyne, ventral).Abbreviations: BG—Bennett’s gland; cd—copulatory duct; co—copulatory opening; fd—fertilization duct; PS—primary spermatheca; SS—secondary spermatheca.

FIGURE 50. Marma rosea (Mello-Leit„o, 1941). A–E male paralectotype of Paralophostica centralis, E.740 C.1335 (A left male palp, ventral; B retrolateral; C proventral; D dorsal; E cleared bulb, ventral). F–G epigyne/vulva, holotype of Marma rosea, MLP 14965 (F ventral, G cleared, ventral).Abbreviations: BG—Bennett’s gland; cc—cymbial conductor; cd—copulatory duct; co—copulatory opening; dh—distal hematodocha; e—embolus shaft; ed—embolic disc; fd—fertilization duct; PED—process on embolic disc; PS—primary spermatheca; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; SS—secondary spermatheca.

FIGURE 51. Male of Marma rosea (Mello-Leit„o, 1941), specimen from S„o Geraldo do Araguaia/Brazil, structures of chelicerae. A–C right chelicera, retrolateral (A general view, B detail of cheliceral keel setae, C detail of cheliceral teeth). D–F right chelicera, prolateral (D general view, E detail of setae on prolateral surface, F detail of setae on distal region). White arrows in C show promarginal teeth; red rectangle in fig. 51D detailed in fig. 51E.

FIGURE 52. Male of Marma rosea (Mello-Leit„o, 1941), specimen from S„o Geraldo do Araguaia/Pará/Brazil, structures of left palp (A dissected embolic disc and embolus, dorsal; B detail of embolus base, dorsal; C detail of embolus shaft, dorsal; D tibia, retrolateral; E detail of tip of RTA, retrolateral). Abbreviations: e—embolus shaft; PED—process on embolic disc; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. White arrow in A shows projection of embolus base and black arrow shows groove.

FIGURE 53. Male holotype of Marma spelunca sp. nov. (MPEG 34347). A–B habitus (A dorsal, B ventral); C–D left palp (ventral; D retrolateral); D–E type locality, Nova Kararaô cave opening (E view of the entrance; F live specimen, indicated by white arrow, walking on moss present on walls around opening).

FIGURE 54. Female paratype of Marma spelunca sp. nov. (MPEG 34348). A–B habitus (A dorsal, B ventral); C–D cleared epigyne/vulva (C ventral, D detail of right spermatheca, dorsal). Abbreviations: BG—Bennett’s gland; cd—copulatory duct; co—copulatory opening; fd—fertilization duct; PS—Primary spermatheca; SS—secondary spermatheca.

FIGURE 55. Marma spelunca sp. nov. A–E left male palp (A ventral; B retrolateral; C proventral; D dorsal; E cleared bulb, ventral); F–G epigyne/vulva (F ventral, G cleared, ventral).Abbreviations: BG—Bennett’s gland; cc—cymbial conductor; cdcopulatory duct; co—copulatory opening; dh—distal hematodocha; e—embolus shaft; ed—embolic disc; fd—fertilization duct; PED—process on embolic disc; PS—primary spermatheca; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; SS—secondary spermatheca.

FIGURE 57. Left male palp, ventral [A Marma baeri Simon, 1902; B M. linae sp. nov.; C M. pipa sp. nov.; D M. wesolowskae sp. nov.; E M. nigritarsis (Simon, 1900); F M. sinuosa sp. nov., G M. argentina (Mello-Leit„o, 1941), H M. rosea (Mello- Leit„o, 1941), I M. spelunca sp. nov.]. Colors represent homologous structures.

FIGURE 58. Epigyne/vulva, A–C, E–K ventral, D dorsal [A Marma baeri Simon, 1902; B M. linae sp. nov.; C M. abaira sp. nov.; D M. femella (Caporiacco, 1955); E M. pipa sp. nov.; F M. wesolowskae sp. nov.; G M. nigritarsis (Simon, 1900); H M. sinuosa sp. nov.; I M. argentina (Mello-Leitão, 1941); J M. rosea (Mello-Leitão, 1941); K M. spelunca sp. nov.]. Colors represent homologous structures; arrow in D shows hypothetical position of secondary spermatheca.

FIGURE 59. Maps of South America showing records of Marma species (A species previously described; B new species). Record from the state of Amazonas (Brazil) in Fig. 59A is taken from Zhang & Maddison (2015).