Maranta furcata Nees & Martius

Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello & Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga, 2020, Nomenclatural notes and typification of names in Maranta (Marantaceae), Phytotaxa 435 (2), pp. 133-163 : 148

Maranta furcata Nees & Martius (in Roemer & Schultes 1822: 66 a)

Type:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Ilhéus. “ad viam Felisbertia”, January 1817, Pr.Max.Wied 1827 (holotype BR 13572129). ( Fig. 13 )

Protologue citation:—“In Brasilia. Ser. Princ. Max. Neovid.”

= Maranta subterranea J.M.A. Braga (2001: 33) , syn. nov.

Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Silva Jardim. Reserva Biológica de Poço das Antas, proximidades da Casa do Morcego, cultivado, 22 June 1999, J. M. A.Braga 5299 et al. (holotype RB, not found). Paratypes:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Rio das Ostras, Reserva Biológica União, sopé de morrote mamelonar, 19 January 2000, J. M. A.Braga 5707 et al. ( RB 00540827). BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Silva Jardim, Reserva Biológica Poço das Antas, Ilha dos Barbados, 5 November 1982, G. Martinelli 8806 & H. C. de Lima ( RB 00567295). The image of the paratype is available at http://jabot.jbrj.gov.br/v2/templaterb2.php?colbot= RB &codtestemunho=5 67295&arquivo=00567295.jpg

Protologue citation:—“ Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Município de Silva Jardim, Reserva Biológica de Poço das Antas, proximidades da Casa do Morcego, Mata de baixada periodicamente inundada, 22 Jun 1999, J. M. A. Braga 5299 et al. ( RB).”

Notes: — Maranta furcata has been considered a forgotten and neglected name (see Anderson 1986), which is reassessed by us. Moreover, we propose M. subterranea as a synonym, because it was characterized by the basal position of its flower shoots ( Braga 2001). However, after analyzes of protologue and types, we recognized that share the branched aerial shoot, leaves without petiole (except pulvinus), and the same inflorescences and flowers size, and florescence numbers.

Maranta noctiflora Regel & Körnicke (in Regel 1859: 31) ≡ Calathea noctiflora (Regel & Körn.) L.H.Bailey & Raffill (in L.H. Bailey 1914: 622)

Type:—[Country unknown]. Cultivated at “ Ex horto bot. Petropolitano ”, June 1858, Körnicke s.n. (holotype LE 01041384). ( Fig. 14 ) Protologue citation:—“Patria ignota. In horto Berolinensi olim sub nomine M. gracilis culta. (Kcke.).”

Notes: — Maranta noctiflora was described by Regel & Körnicke (in Regel 1859) based on a plant cultivated at Petersburger Botanischen Garten. The authors did not list specimens, but Körnicke (1859) mentioned that the new species flowered during summer at St. Petersburg Botanical Garden and that he observed its nocturnal anthesis, explaining the specific epithet “ noctiflora ”, which means this description was based on a living plant. The specimen LE 01041384, assigned as M. noctiflora , was collected by Körnicke and is at St. Petersburg Herbarium. On the label, Körnicke placed the handwritten abbreviation “v.v.” (vidi vivam). He worked at St. Petersburg Botanical Garden until autumn of 1858 (Regel 1859) and made this gathering (Körnicke s.n.) in June of 1858. Although effectively published in 1859, the Index Seminum published species that had bloomed in previous years in St. Petersburg Botanical Garden. Therefore, we believe that LE 01041384 is the holotype of M. noctiflora because it is the only specimen of this species found at LE herbarium and also the only one collected by Körnicke himself. In addition, it was collected in cultivation during the summer of 1858, according to his own account in the protologue (see Körnicke 1859). If it is later proven that the unicate Körnicke s.n. ( LE 01041384) cannot be associated with the plant cultivated in St. Petersburg Botanical Garden, it is herein designated as the neotype.

Figures

FIGURE 13. Holotype of Maranta furcata (Pr.Max.Wied 1827 [BR13572129]). Image reproduced with the consent of the Botanic Garden Meise.

FIGURE 14. Holotype of Maranta noctiflora (Körnicke s.n. [LE01041384]). Image reproduced with the consent of the V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute.