Manilkara bidentata (A.DC.) A.Chev. subsp. bidentata

Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, Adansonia (3) 44 (26), pp. 345-903 : 689-690

[1621] Manilkara bidentata (A.DC.) A.Chev. subsp. bidentata ( Fig. 54B )

Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric.Trop. 12: 270 ( Chevalier 1932). — Mimusops bidentata A.DC., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 8: 204 [mid Mar. 1844] ( Candolle 1844). — Manilkara balata Dubard, Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille , sér. 3, 3: 19 (Dubard 1915), nom. illeg. superfl. ( Mimusops bidentata in synonymy).

Mimusops sieberi A.DC., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 8: 204 [mid Mar. 1844] ( Candolle 1844). — Mimusops balata (Aubl.) C.F.Gaertn. var. sieberi (A.DC.) Pierre, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1 (64): 508 ( Pierre 1885). — Manilkara balata var. sieberi (A.DC.) Dubard, Ann. Mus . Colon. Marseille , sér. 3, 3: 20 (Dubard 1915).

Sapota mulleri Blume, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 4, 7: 225 (Blume 1857).

Mimusops balata var. gutta Pierre, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1 (64): 507 ( Pierre 1885). — Manilkara balata var. gutta (Pierre) Dubard, Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille , sér. 3, 3: 21 (Dubard 1915).

Mimusops balata var. melinonii Pierre, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1 (64): 507 ( Pierre 1885), “ Melinonis ”. — Manilkara balata var. melinonii (Pierre) Dubard, Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille , sér. 3, 3: 21 (Dubard 1915), “ Melinonis ”.

Mimusops balata var. schomburgkii Pierre, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1 (64): 507 ( Pierre 1885). — Manilkara balata var. schomburgkii (Pierre) Dubard, Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille , sér. 3, 3: 20 (Dubard 1915).

Mimusops balata var. cruegeri Pierre, Symb. Antill. [Urban] 5 (1): 165 [20 May 1904] (Pierre 1904). — Manilkara balata var. cruegeri (Pierre) Dubard, Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille , sér. 3, 3: 20 (Dubard 1915). — Manilkara bidentata var. cruegeri (Pierre) A.Chev., Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 12: 275 ( Chevalier 1932).

Mimusops balata var. hartii Pierre, Symb. Antill. [Urban] 5 (1): 166 [20 May 1904] (Pierre 1904). — Manilkara balata var. hartii (Pierre) Dubard, Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille , sér. 3, 3: 21 (Dubard 1915).

Mimusops darienensis Pittier, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18 (6): 249 [22 Sep. 1917] (Pittier 1917). — Manilkara darienensis (Pittier) Standl., Trop. Woods 31: 45 (Standley 1932).

Manilkara williamsii Standl., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22 (3): 165 (Standley 1940).

NOTES. — Hyperdominant in Amazonia ( ter Steege et al. 2020) . Mimusops balata sensu Pierre , non (Aubl.) C.F.Gaertn., is a misinterpretation of Achras balata Aubl. The latter was described from a tree imported from the Mauritius Island (“Île de France ”) and cultivated at Cayenne ( Aublet 1775). The type of A. balata is in P-JU, and was obtained from a plant growing in the Mascarene Islands ( Chevalier 1932, Pennington 1990). Although Aublet in his Histoire des plantes did not mention the Guianan “Balata”, he collected specimens of this species, which are in P and P-JU ( Chevalier 1932). Pierre (1885) correctly stated that these 2 specimens were conspecific with the type of Mimusops bidentata A.DC., but wrongly concluded that they were type material of A. balata . Although aware of the previous transfer of A. balata to Mimusops L. by Gaertner (1807: 133), Pierre reproposed the same combination, as “ Mimusops balata non Gaertner”. Notwithstanding, all varieties created by Pierre (1885) under Mimusops balata are legitimate under Mimusops balata (Aubl.) C.F.Gaertn. Manilkara balata is similarly confused: it is based on “ Mimusops balata Pierre ” and Mimusops bidentata is a synonym, which accords with the Guianan plant, even though A. balata was also cited in synonymy. When the latter is excluded from synonymy, then Manilkara balata (Aubl.) Dubard is superfluous (because Mimusops bidentata is in synonymy) and is therefore illegitimate. Bleekrode (1857) ascribed both the name and description of Sapota mulleri to Blume, hence authorship is “Blume”, not “Blume ex Bleekrode”; by the way, although the author of the “ Notice sur la gutta-percha de Surinam ”, as it appears on the first page, is “M. le Professeur Bleekrod de l'Académie de Delft”, he is actually Salomon Abraham Bleekrode (not “Bleekrod”, see https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salomon_Abraham_Bleekrode). The epithet “ melinonis ”, which honours the French botanist E. Mélinon, is to be automatically corrected to “ melinonii ” ( Turland et al. 2018: Art. 60.8); hence Manilkara balata var. melinonii . and Mimusops balata var. melinonii .

VERNACULAR NAMES. — Pa: balata • Ka: palata, polata • Te: balata’ɨ • Wp: ɨwɨɨ, ɨwɨlã, masalãnɨ • Wn: palakta, palaktaimë • Nt: boyti • Cr: balata-fran, balata-gonm • Fr: balata franc • Br: balateira, maçarandúba, maparajúba.

HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 53 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: L.C. Richard s.n. (holo-, P[P00645496]; iso-, P[P00645494, P00645495]).

INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 649 trees in 139 plots; Fmax = 7.4 %; dbhinv = 111.4 cm.

Figures

FIG. 54. — Sapotaceae: A, Chrysophyllum prieurii A.DC. (D. Sabatier et al. 4620); B, Manilkara bidentata (A.DC.) A.Chev. subsp. bidentata (D. Sabatier 3553); C, Micropholis acutangula (D. Sabatier & S. Gonzalez 5371); D, Micropholis obscura T.D.Penn. (D. Sabatier 1221). A-C,© D. Sabatier/IRD;D, © M.-F.Prévost/IRD.