Sparganothoides machimiana (Barnes and Busck)

Kruse, James J. & Powell, Jerry A., 2009, Systematics of Sparganothoides Lambert and Powell, 1986 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Sparganothini), Zootaxa 2150 (1), pp. 1-78 : 21-23

2. Sparganothoides machimiana (Barnes and Busck)

Figs. 8 , 40 , 62

Sparganothis machimiana Barnes and Busck 1920: 211 ; Powell 1983: 41.

Sparganothoides machimiana ; Powell 1986: 376; Powell et al. 1995: 150; Brown 2005: 564.

Diagnosis. Sparganothoides machimiana is similar to both S. hydeana and S. amitana . Sparganothoides machimiana can be distinguished from S. hydeana by its smaller size and less distinct forewing markings. In the male genitalia, the valval crease of S. machimiana is sclerotized basally and extends to the sacculus, whereas in S. hydeana it doesn’t reach the sacculus. In the female genitalia, the signum of S. machimiana is lobed and generally longer than that of S. hydeana . Sparganothoides machimiana is larger than S. amitana and has a distinctly shorter aedeagus.

Description. Male. Head: Frons yellowish white, smooth scaled; vertex roughened, brownish yellow or golden yellow to brownish gray. Labial palpus white mesally, brownish yellow and fuscous laterally. Antennal scaling brownish yellow to brownish gray. Thorax: Dorsum smooth scaled, brownish yellow or golden yellow to brownish gray. Forewing length 8.1–10.4 mm (= 9.4; n = 10). Forewing ground color brownish yellow or golden yellow to brownish gray, with scattered brownish orange or brown scaling, indistinct brown transverse strigulae throughout subterminal and terminal areas, brown spot often present at apex of discal cell. Fringe brownish yellow to gray. Hindwing pale yellowish white, or yellowish gray to gray, often with gray transverse strigulae throughout. Abdomen: Male genitalia ( Fig. 8 ; slide #JAP3064; EME; Mexico, Chihuahua, 25 mi W Hidalgo Del Parral; n = 13) with uncus long, slender, simple, elbowed at nearly 90° angle at two-thirds distance from base, with long setae dorsally and patch of small setae ventrally; tegumen raised and rounded at base of uncus; socius subtriangular posteriorly, secondary arms long, slender, abruptly angled near middle, enlarged apices slightly asymmetrically lobed; transtilla well sclerotized, straight to slightly bilobed, spines short, numerous over most of posterior margin, anterior process variably reinforced with dimplelike invagination at middle; valva subrectangular with sclerotized curved crease connecting to near base of sacculus and extending over two-thirds of valve, sacculus and costa straight, pulvinus present; phallus pistol-shaped, aedeagus parallel-sided and slightly curved, shorter than phallobase, attenuate apically, attached to juxta by a thin process; cornuti with a minute spine near base.

Female. Head, Thorax: Essentially as described for male. Forewing length 9.2–10.8 mm (= 9.8; n = 10). Abdomen: Genitalia ( Fig. 40 ; slide #JAP3046; EME; Mexico, Chihuahua, 15 mi E Cuauhtemoc; n = 11) with papillae anales parallel-sided, rounded posteriorly; sterigma strongly sclerotized ventrally, concavely curved anteriorly; ductus bursae short, widening anteriorly; corpus bursae large, irregularly rounded; signum more than four times longer than wide, weakly curved, lobed near ends on inside of curve, variably rounded at apices.

Type material. Holotype: Male: U.S.A.: ARIZONA: Cochise Co: Paradise [Chiricahua Mts.] ( NMNH).

Paratypes (16). U.S.A.: ARIZONA: Cochise Co: Paradise , [no date] (1), [no collector] ( NMNH) . Palmerlee [Huachuca Mts., Miller Canyon], [no date] (12), [no collector] ( NMNH) , [no date] (2), [no collector] ( CNC) . Pima Co: Redington , [no date] (1), [no collector] ( NMNH) .

Additional specimens examined (228♂, 240♀). MEXICO: CHIHUAHUA : 15 mi E Cuauhtemoc , 6600’, 11.vii.1964 (5♂, 2♀), J. Chemsak & J. Powell ( EME) . 1 mi E Pedernales , 7400’, 12.vii.1964 (5♂, 3♀), J. Powell & J. Chemsak ( EME) . 25 mi W Hidalgo Del Parral , 6800’, 14.vii.1964 (8♂, 15♀), J. Chemsak & J. Powell ( EME) , 15.vii.1964 (1♀), J. Powell ( EME) . DURANGO: 16 mi SE Durango , 14.vii.1964 (1♂), W. McGuffin & H. Howden ( CNC) . 25 mi W Durango , 8100’, 20.vii.1964 (5♂, 4♀), J. Chemsak & J. Powell ( EME) . 29 mi W Durango , 7800’, 18.vii.1964 (1♂, 1♀), J. Chemsak & J. Powell ( EME) . 30 mi W Durango, 8500’, 31.vii.1964 (5♂, 5♀), J. Chemsak & Powell ( EME) , 8400’, 3–7.viii.1972 (6♂, 8♀), C. MacNeill, J. Powell & D. Veirs ( EME) . 3 mi E Revolcaderos , 11.viii.1972 (2♂, 1♀), J. Powell ( EME) . NUEVO LEON: 4 mi W Iturbide , 13–14.ix.1976 (1♂), J. Chemsak & J. Powell ( EME) . U.S.A.: ARIZONA: Apache Co: White Mts., Greer , 8500’, 31.vii–1.viii.1989 (1♂), Y.-F. Hsu, J. Powell & M. Prentice ( EME) . Cochise Co: Huachuca Mts, Ash Canyon , Ash Canyon Rd. , 5100’, 25.vii.1986 (6♂, 1♀), N. McFarland ( EME) , 2–3.viii.1989 (3♂, 3♀), Y.-F. Hsu & J. Powell ( EME) , 7.viii.1999 (5♀), J. Powell, JAP 99H13–H13.4 ( EME) . Barfoot Park , 5.viii.1991 (1$F), J. Powell ( EME) . Carr Canyon , 5300’, 31.vii.1986 (1♂, 4♀), J. Powell & D. Wagner ( EME) . Copper Canyon , 6000’, 3.viii.1989 (1♂, 3♀), Y.-F. Hsu, Powell & M. Prentice ( EME) , 8.viii.1991 (1♂, 2♀), Y.-F. Hsu & J. Powell ( EME) . Crest Trail , 7–8000’, 8.viii.1974 (1♂), D. & J. Powell ( EME) . Miller Canyon , 5000’, 19.vii.1972 (1♀), D. & J. Powell ( EME) , 6–7.viii.1974 (3♀), J. Powell ( EME) , 9.viii.1974 (1♀), J. Powell & S. Szerlip ( EME) , 3.viii.1986 (2♂, 8♀), J. Brown & J. Powell ( EME) , reared from eggs on Quercus and synthetic diet, emgd. 1.xi.1986 – 23.vi.1987 (9♂, 5♀) JAP 86H7 ( EME) , 5800’, 2.viii.1989 (4♂, 17♀), Y.-F. Hsu, M. Prentice & J. Powell ( EME) , reared from eggs on synthetic diet, emgd. 15.xi.1989 – 18.i.1990 (8♂, 3♀), JAP 89H5 ( EME) , 7.viii.1991 (2♂, 1♀), J. Powell ( EME) . Chiricahua Mts., Pinery Canyon, Upper Camp , 3.vii.1956 (1♂), J. Comstock, L. Martin & W. Rees ( LACM) . Pinery Canyon , 6500’, 6–7.viii.1991 (2♂, 9♀), Y.-F. Hsu & J. Powell ( EME) , reared from eggs on synthetic diet, emgd. 2.iii, 16.iv.1992 (2♂), JAP 91H10 ( EME) . Rustler Park , 8500’, 10–11.viii.1971 (4♂), C. & J. Powell ( EME) , 20.viii.1972 (1♂, 1♀), J. Powell ( EME) , 2.viii.1973 (3♂, 2♀), J. Powell & S. Szerlip ( EME) , 6.viii.1991 (3♀), Y.-F. Hsu & J. Powell ( EME) , reared from eggs on synthetic diet, emgd. 2.iii, 10.v.1992 (2♀), JAP 91H12 ( EME) . Portal, Cave Creek Ranch , 16–18.viii.1971 (1♂), 29–30.viii.1971 (2♂), E. Linsley ( EME) . Cave Creek , 1 mi SW Portal , 11–18.vii.1972 (19♂, 12♀), 24–29.vii.1972 (9♂, 13♀), 4800’, 2.viii.1973 (5 F), flushed from Arctostaphylos , 2.viii.1973 (1♂), all J. Powell ( EME) . Stewart Camp, 2 mi SW Portal , 4800’, 20–23.viii.1972 (4♂, 3♀), J. Powell & D. Veirs ( EME) , 2–5.viii.1974 (2♂, 3♀), J. Powell & S. Szerlip ( EME) , 10–11.viii.1971 (3♂, 1♀), 12–15.viii.1971 (1♂), 19–21.viii.1971 (4♀), 23–25.viii.1971 (1♀), all J. Doyen ( EME) , 2–3.viii.1973 (1♂, 7♀), J. Powell & S. Szerlip ( EME) . S Fork Cave Creek , 3 mi SW Portal , flushed from Q. hypoleucoides , 16.vii.1972 (2♂), J. Powell ( EME) . 4 mi SW Portal , 23.vii.1972 (2 M), J. Powell ( EME) . 5 mi W Portal , 7.viii.1958 (1♂), D. Linsdale ( EME) . Southwest Research Station , 29.viii.1991 (2♀), J. Chemsak & H. Katsura ( EME) . Turkey Creek , 5600’, 1–2.viii.1986 (2♀), J. Powell ( EME) , reared from eggs on synthetic diet, emgd. 6–14.xi.1986 (3♂, 1♀), JAP 86H4, 1–2.viii.1986 (3♂, 2♀), J. Brown ( EME) . Rucker Canyon , 6500’, 4.viii.1991 (4♂, 6♀), Y.-F. Hsu & J. Powell ( EME) . Coconino Co: 7 mi NW Flagstaff, Ft. Valley Exp. For. , 7000’ 22–24.vii.1989 (2♂), Y.-F. Hsu, J. Powell & M. Prentice ( EME) . Gila Co: Oracle , 28.vii.1924 (1♂, 1♀), L. Martin & E. Van Duzee ( CAS) . Tonto Creek State Fish Hatchery , 6400’, 30.vi.1956 (4♂), J. Comstock, L. Martin & W. Rees ( LACM) . Mohave Co : [no further data], 16–23.vii (1♂), [no collector] ( NMNH) . Pima Co: Baboquivari Mts. , 1–15.ix.1923 (1♂, 2♀), O. Poling ( NMNH) . Park Canyon , 12.iv.1984 (1♀), G. Ulrich ( EME) . Catalina Mts., Molino Basin , 2.viii.1970 (1♂, 1♀), J. Powell & P. Rude ( EME) . Bear Canyon , 2.viii.1970 (1♂), 31.vii.1972 (2♀), J. Powell ( EME) . Rose Canyon Campground , 7000’, 2.viii.1979 (1♀), J. Liebherr ( EME) . Santa Cruz Co: Oro Blanco Mts., Pena Blanca Canyon , 6.viii.1960 (1♂), L. Martin ( LACM) , 31.vii.1974 (1♀), J. Powell ( EME) . Patagonia Mts., 7 mi SE Nogales , 1.viii.1991 (5♂, 4♀), Y.-F. Hsu, P. Opler & D. Rubinoff ( EME) , reared from eggs on Prunus and synthetic diet, emgd. 30.v–22.vi.1992 (4♂, 1♀), JAP 91H3 ( EME) . Santa Rita Mts., Madera Canyon , 18.vii–3.viii.1947 (2♂, 2♀), J. Comstock & L. Martin ( LACM) , 12.viii.1952 (1♀), C. Kirkwood & R. Reid ( LACM) , 1–3.viii.1970 (7♂, 6♀), J. Powell & P. Rude ( EME) , 5000’, 23.vii.1971 (6♂, 1♀), J. Donahue, L. Martin & A. Watson ( LACM) . Bogg Springs , 4500’, 30.vi–1.vii.1973 (2♂, 4♀), R. Coville, J. Powell & S. Szerlip ( EME) . Yavapai Co : Prescott , 4 mi N Granite Dells , 21.vii–13.viii.1970 (14♂, 15♀), L. Martin ( LACM) . NEW MEXICO: Bernalillo Co: 5 mi N Cedar Crest, E Slope Sandia Mts. , 7000’, 30.vii.1989 (11♂, 2♀), Y.-F. Hsu, J. Powell & M. Prentice ( EME) . Hidalgo Co : 1 mi N Rodeo , 9.viii.1971 (1♀), J. Doyen ( EME) . Sandoval Co: Jemez Mts., San Antonio Valley , YCC Camp , 8300’, 17–31.vii.1980 (1♂), W. Schaupp ( EME) . 11 mi NE Jemez Springs, Redondo Campground , 8000’, 26.vii.1989 (11♂), Y.-F. Hsu, J. Powell & M. Prentice ( EME) .

Immature stages. Eggs are peach to dark peach, orange, or brownish orange, turning deep orange during development, measuring 0.85–0.95 X 1.20–1.25 mm. Eggs are strongly overlapped, laid in round patches of 1– 50 eggs (= 13.3 eggs per patch, n = 29). Embryos are visible through the translucent eggshells, and black stemmal patches are visible in the embryo. Eggs hatch in about 10 days. Larvae webbed edges of diet or leaves and fed equally well on synthetic diet and Q. lobata . There were some survivors on Amorpha and Prunus , but larvae would not accept Pyracantha . Larvae are slender and reddish; the anal comb has six tines. Development time to pupation ranged from 45 days to more than nine months.

Biology. Adults have been collected from late June through mid-September; a single record from April is anomalous. Adults and larvae have been found associated with Quercus ( Q. hypoleucoides and Q. emoryi ) and Arctostaphylos in the wild. Habitats include mixed forest and oak woodlands.

Distribution. Sparganothoides machimiana is known from mountains and woodlands in Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico, ranging south to the state of Durango, Mexico.

Remarks. The forewing color exhibits a degree of variability, and adults in some populations are predominantly gray.

Figures

FIGURES 7–12. Male genitalia of Sparganothoides; valvae spread, aedeagus removed. 7. S. hydeana. 8. S. machimiana. 9. S. laderana. 10. S. amitana. 11. S. calthograptana. 12. S. coloratana.

FIGURES 39–47. Female genitalia of Sparganothoides. 39. S. hydeana; 40. S. machimiana. 41. S. amitana. 42. S. calthograptana. 43. S. coloratana. 44. S. canities. 45. S. lugens. 46. S. vinolenta. 47. S. ocrisana.

FIGURES 61–78. Adults of Sparganothoides. 61. S. hydeana (paratype: USA: NM: Santa Fe County, Little Tesuque Canon, 9200', 27.vii – 10.viii.1932, A. Klots). 62. S. machimiana (USA: AZ: Santa Cruz County, 7 mi. SE Nogales, 1.viii.1991, P. Opler, Y. Hsu and D. Rubinoff). 63 S. laderana (holotype). 64. S. amitana (paratype). 65. S. calthograptana (holotype). 66. S. coloratana (holotype). 67. S. audentiana (holotype). 68. S. canities (paratype). 69. S. teratana (Panama: Cerro Campana, 11–14.vii.1967, O. Flint, Jr.). 70. S. carycrosana (holotype). 71. S. plemmelana (holotype). 72. S. lugens (Mexico: Veracruz: 1 mi. W Fortin, 25.xii.1963 as larva on miscellaneous leaves, emerged 20.ii.1964, C. O'Brien). 73. S. castanea (holotype). 74. S. vinolenta (Mexico: Distrito Federal: La Venta, 22.v.1938, T. Escalante). 75. S. ocrisana (paratype, male: Costa Rica: Puntarenas, Monteverde, 1350–1400m, 22–24.vii.1990, J. Powell, JAP lot 90G14, emerged 6.xi.1990). 76. S. ocrisana (paratype, female: Costa Rica: Puntarenas, Monteverde, 1350–1400m, 22–24.vii.1990, J. Powell). 77. S. xenopsana (holotype). 78. S. umbosana (holotype).