Lipsothrix odaesana Podenas & Petersen, 2019

Podenas, Sigitas, Petersen, Matthew, Kim, A-Young, Park, Sun-Jae, Byun, Hye-Woo & Seo, Hong-Yul, 2019, New Lipsothrix (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Korea, Zootaxa 4688 (4), pp. 561-568 : 563-567

Lipsothrix odaesana Podenas & Petersen , sp. nov.

( Figs. 1 , 4–13 )

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1A2C0BAC-0AA9-4810-B2C0-60E15088FEAF

Diagnosis. Distinguished from other species in the genus mostly by structure of male terminalia. Gonocoxite elongate, longer than gonostyli. Outer gonostylus with small spine at middle. Inner gonostylus long and narrow, nearly parallel-sided. Interbase long and slender, slightly arched and sinuous. Paramere V-shaped, ventral part widened. Penis directed downwards with a single wide opening. Body yellow in male, whitish in female. Wing unpatterned. Legs yellow, tarsal claw with up to six teeth. Ovipositor yellow with brown cercus and hypovalva.

Material examined. Type specimens 17 males, 10 females.

Holotype: male (pinned) ( Fig. 1 ), S. Korea, #18, Central National Forest , 18 mi NE Seoul, alt. 350–500 ft., 6 July, 1954, G. W. Byers ( SMEK).

Paratypes: 1 male (pinned, genitalia in micro vial filled with glycerol on same pin), topotypic ( SMEK); 1 male (pinned), 5 males, 2 females (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do , Pyeongchang-gun , Jinbu-myeon , Dongsan-ri, Odaesan National Park, N 37.73920, E 128.59398, alt. 794 m, 2012.06.22 (1), S. Podenas ( NIBR) ; 4 males, 4 females (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do , Pyeonchang-gun , Jinbu-myeon , Dongsan-ri, Odaesan National Park, N 37.73767, E 128.59166, alt. 730 m, 2015.07.06 (1), S. Kim, S. Podenas ( NIBR) ; 1 male, 2 females (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do , Inje-gun , Buk-myeon , Hangye-ri , Jayang 3 gyo (bridge), Seoraksan National Park, N 38.10415, E 128.37973, alt. 704 m, 2015.07.07 (4), S. Kim, S. Podenas ( NIBR) ; 2 males (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do , Inje-gun , Buk-myeon , Yongdae-ri , Misiryeong valley, Seoraksan National Park, N 38.22039, E 128.39268, alt. 449 m, 2015.07.07 (5), S. Kim, S. Podenas ( NIBR) ; 2 males, 2 females (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do , Goseonggun , Ganseong-eup, Jinbu-ri, N 38.26678, E 128.35706, alt. 497 m, 2015.07.08 (1), S. Kim, S. Podenas ( NIBR) .

Compared also with L. tokunagai Alexander, 1933 , metatype, male (antenna, wing, leg and genitalia slide mounted), Japan, Honshu, Mt. Amakazari, Echigo, alt. 700 m, June 24, 1955, Baba – AM 55 ( USNM); L. yamamotoana Alexander, 1950 , paratype, male, (antenna, wing, leg and genitalia slide mounted), Japan, Honshu, Iwateken, Funakoshi, alt. 200 m, May 23, 1947, Yamamoto ( USNM); metatype, male (labeled as L. yamamotoi ) (head, wing, legs and genitalia slide mounted), Japan, Mino, Sakauchi, May 5, 1958, T. Mishima ( USNM).

Description. Adult ( Fig. 1 ), male (N =17), female (N =10). General coloration of male brownish yellow, female whitish to pale yellow. Body length of male 5.5–8.1 mm, of female 6.1–8.9 mm. Wing length of male 6.8–8.2 mm, of female 7.0– 8.2 mm.

Head. Generally yellow, eyes large, very narrowly separated dorsally, reaching each other ventrally. Antenna ( Fig. 4 ) 2.2–2.9 mm long in male, 1.9–2.4 mm in female, reaching to about base of abdomen if bent backwards. Scape elongate, pedicel subglobular, twice as short as scape. Both basal antennomeres light brown. Flagellum 14- segmented, flagellomeres elongate, subcylindrical, decreasing in length apically, flagellum yellow at base, turning brown towards apex. Verticils shorter than respective segments, flagellomeres covered with dense whitish pubescence. Rostrum short and brown. Basal palpomere yellow with narrowly brown apex, basal half of second palpomere yellow distal half dark brown, two distal palpomeres brown to dark brown ( Fig. 6 ). Labella brown.

Thorax. Uniformly brownish yellow in male, whitish to pale yellow in female, mesonotal prescutum with indistinct grayish hue frontally. Wing ( Fig. 5 ) subhyaline, yellowish, unpatterned, stigma indistinct, nearly missing. Veins light brown, paler at wing base. Venation: Sc long, reaching frontal wing margin slightly before branching point of Rs. Cross-vein sc-r at tip of Sc. Rs long, nearly straight, slightly arcuate just at base. Free end of R 1 short, transverse and very indistinct. R 2 transverse, at tip of R 1, indistinct. R 3 and R 4 slightly arched, parallel to each other, slightly diverging just at wing margin. Cross-vein r-m distinct, at base of discal cell. Discal cell elongate, approximately 1.6 times as long as wide, but shape varies in different individuals. Cross-vein m-cu slightly before branching point of M. CuP straight, A 1 slightly arched at distal part. Anal lobe widely rounded. Length of male halter 1.0– 1.3 mm, of female 1.1–1.2 mm. Halter pale, whitish, knob slightly infuscated. Coxae brownish yellow, trochanters yellow. Femora light yellow, tibiae and basal tarsomeres (1) whitish, distal tarsomeres (2–5) brownish. Male femur I: 5.1–6.5 mm long, II: 5.9–6.2 mm, III: 6.1–6.9 mm, tibia I: 6.5–7.2 mm, II: 6.1–6.7 mm, III: 6.2–6.9 mm, tarsus I: 5.1–6.6 mm, II: 5.2–6.2 mm, III: 4.6–5.4 mm. Female femur I: 4.9–5.5 mm long, II: 5.6–6.1 mm, III: 5.9–6.3 mm, tibia I: 5.9–6.8 mm, II: 4.8–6.1 mm, III: 5.5–6.2 mm, tarsus I: 5.8–6.3 mm, II: 4.5–5.3 mm, III: 4.6–4.9 mm. Claw ( Fig. 7 ) distinctly dark brown to black armed with six teeth, the largest at about one-third length from base, remaining distinctly smaller.

Abdomen. Male abdominal tergites yellowish brown, sternites obscure yellow. Segments with dark brown submarginal ring, posterior margin of both tergites and sternites narrowly grayish, only first sternite entirely yellow. Female abdomen pale yellow. Male terminalia ( Fig. 9 ) obscure yellow. Ninth tergite transverse, posterior margin slightly concave. Gonocoxite ( Fig. 8 ) elongate, longer than gonostyli. Outer gonostylus glabrous, blackened, slightly arched, point-apexed with small spine at middle. Inner gonostylus setiferous, long and narrow, nearly parallel-sided. Interbase ( Fig. 10 ) long and slender, slightly arched and sinuous. Paramere ( Fig. 11 ) V-shaped, ventral part widened. Aedeagus ( Fig. 12 ) directed ventrally with a single wide opening. Ovipositor ( Fig. 13 ) yellow with brown cercus and hypovalva. Tenth tergite strongly elongate, cercus long, narrow, distal part turned upwards, point- apexed. Hypovalva straight, getting narrower distally, tip pale, reaching to about middle of cercus. Spermatheca small, rounded.

Bionomics. Adults have been found flying near small springs, streams and low order rivers. All aquatic systems were covered with dense deciduous shrubs and trees and had accumulations of dead twigs and branches that had fallen into water ( Fig. 3 ). Adult flies were taken at altitudes from about 150 m to 800 m. This species is known to be active from end of June through the beginning of July.

Distribution ( Fig. 2 ). Currently known only from the northern part of South Korea.

Remarks. Lipsothrix odaesana appears most closely related to L. tokunagai which is known from Honshu and Shikoku Islands, Japan and southern Kurile Islands, Far East of Russia. The two species differ in characteristics of body coloration, wing venation, and structure of male genitalia ( Table 2 ). The interbase of L. odaesana is generally as in L. tokunagai , long and slender with a strong bend at about midlength. The base of the interbase in L. odaesana is more bulbous than in L. tokunagai , and is equipped with modeling on the dorsal edge similar to the condition found in L. shasta Alexander, 1946 , L. nigrilinea ( Doane, 1900) , and L. pluto Alexander, 1929 . The aedeagus is equipped with a ventral lobe (as in L. tokunagai ), but with the anterior face of the aedeagus displaying a separation at about midlength similar to that of L. remota ( Walker, 1848) . The aedeagus is further adorned on the dorsum, leading from the sperm sac leading to the posterior face, with two weakly produced ridges. Similar ridges are found in L. neotropica Alexander, 1940 and L. hynesiana Alexander, 1964 , and more as prominently found in L. errans ( Walker, 1848) and L. flavissima Alexander, 1952 .

Etymology. This species is named after the beautiful Odaesan National Park, South Korea, where species was collected by the senior author during his first visit to Korea in 2012.

Figures

FIGURES 1–3. Habitus, distribution and habitat of Lipsothrix odaesana Podenas & Petersen, sp. nov. 1. Holotype male, general view. 2. Sites on Korean Peninsula where L. odaesana was collected. 3. Typical habitat of L. odaesana.

FIGURES 4–13. Morphological characters of Lipsothrix odaesana Podenas & Petersen, sp. nov. 4. Male antenna. 5. Wing. 6. Palpus. 7. Distal tarsomere. 8. Male gonocoxite and inner and outer gonostylus, dorsal view. 9. Male genitalia, dorsal view. 10. Interbases. 11. Aedeagus and paramere, ventral view. 12. Aedeagus and paramere, lateral view. 13. Ovipositor, lateral view.