Lavoisiera pulchella Chamisso (1834: 370–371)

Martins, Angela B. & Almeda, Frank, 2017, A Monograph of the Brazilian endemic genus Lavoisiera (Melastomataceae: Microlicieae), Phytotaxa 315 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

29. Lavoisiera pulchella Chamisso (1834: 370–371) . Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais?: “e Brasilia semel iterumque lectam misit,” F. Sellow s.n. (lectotype, here designated: P!; isolectotypes: BR-802160!, BR-802300!, G-2!, K-000584892!, M-0009870!, W-2!). In the protologue, Chamisso cited two syntypes, Sellow s.n. and Lhotzky s.n. Because the former is representative of the species and deposited in several herbaria, we here designate it as the lectotype of the species.

= Lavoisiera australis A. Saint-Hilaire ex Naudin (1844: 151) . syn. nov. Type:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: “in paludosis prope locum dictum Egreja Velha, in parte australiore prov. Sainti Pauli vulgo Campos Geraes,” C. Gaudichaud 807 in Herb. A. St.-Hilaire (holotype, P-00245266-n.v., online image!; isotypes: F!-frag., P-00723383-n.v., online image!). The labels on the isotypes only give St. Hilaire’s catalog number - Cat. C2 no. 1494 ( Martin & Cremers 2007).

Erect, sparingly branched or cespitose subshrubs 20–80 cm tall, perennating from a woody lignotuber. Branches and branchlets quadrangular or obscurely subrounded, somewhat compressed distally and flushed with crimson, sometimes leafy to the base but frequently defoliating with age, glabrous or with a few scattered glandular trichomes; internodes 10–20 mm long, slightly furrowed longitudinally on opposite faces, knobby thickenings inconspicuous, nodes with short vinaceous glandular trichomes. Leaves sessile, occasionally subsessile, petioles 0.5 mm long, semi-amplexicaul, spreading or subimbricate toward the apex of the branchlets, blades 8–15 × 4–5(–13) mm, membranaceous, oblong-lanceolate to rarely ovate or ovate-oblong, base rounded to subcordate, apex acute-acuminate, terminating in an early caducous glandular trichome 1 mm long, margins lacking callose thickenings, glandular-ciliate, the cilia 1 mm long, glabrous on both surfaces or very sparsely beset with spreading gland-tipped trichomes on abaxial surface, especially along the midvein, flat, pale green to yellowish-green, frequently flushed with red at the base, on adaxial surfaces and margins, essentially 1-nerved but obscurely 3- nerved, the lateral pair very faint. Flowers 5–6-merous, typically in aggregated simple or compound dichasia or sometimes solitary, terminal on principal and lateral branchlets but sometimes becoming central or pseudolateral with elongation of lateral shoots, pedicels 0.5–1.5 mm long, subtended by ovate, slightly modified leaves. Bracts 18–23 × 10–20 mm, 3-nerved, very similar to the principal leaves, bracteoles 7 × 3 mm, oblong-elliptic. Hypanthium (at anthesis) 4–6 × 2–4.5 mm, narrowly campanulate, 5– 6 mm wide distally, slightly to strongly constricted above the ovary, inconspicuously striolate, sparsely glandular-hirtellous apically but glabrous basally or sometimes totally glabrous or totally glandular-puberulous, frequently flushed with red. Calyx tube 0.5–1 mm long; calyx lobes (at anthesis) 5–6 × 1–1.5 mm, membranaceous, persistent to tardily caducous, oblong-lanceolate to linear-oblong, apiculate at the apex tapering to a glandular-trichome, margins entire to subserrulate, glandular-ciliolate, green-reddish, very sparsely glandular-hirtellous abaxially, glabrous adaxially, trichomes 0.5–1.5 mm long, the glands mostly red. Petals 7–15 × 8–15 mm, pale pink with a cream or white inverted V-shaped patch at the adaxial base, obovate, attenuate at the base, subrounded to obtuse at the apex with a short glandular trichome, margins entire, eciliate or sparingly ciliate. Stamens 10 or 12, dimorphic: large (antesepalous) stamens 5–6, filaments 7–8 mm long, white to greenish-white, anther thecae 2.5–3 × 1–1.5 mm, red but often turning purplish when dry, oblong, rostrum 0.4 mm long, white to pale pink, pedoconnective 4–6 mm long, appendage 1–2 mm long, unlobed, yellow; small (antepetalous) stamens 5–6, filaments 5–6 mm long, white to greenish-white, anther thecae 2–3 × 0.8–1 mm, yellow, oblong, rostrum 0.3 mm long, pedoconnective 1.5–2 mm long, appendage 0.3 mm long, inconspicuous, rounded, yellow. Ovary 5–6-locular, 2/3 to 4/5 inferior, style ca. 7 mm long, slightly sigmoid, glabrous, stigma punctiform. Fruiting hypanthium (including calyx lobes) 9–14 mm long, ovoid-oblong, constricted above the ovary. Capsule (at maturity) 5–7 mm long, enveloped by the persistent hypanthium, dehiscing from the base to the apex. Seeds 0.48–0.92 × 0.26–0.47 mm, oblong, dark grayish-brown, periclinal cell walls of the testa concave (foveolate), the raphal zone about 30% the length of the seed. Chromosome number unknown.

Illustrations:— Figure 52 ; Cogniaux (1883: t. 34, as L. australis ).

Photographic images:— Figures 4E ; 11C–F .

Phenology:—Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.

LAVOISIERA ( MELASTOMATACEAE )

Phytotaxa 315 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 139 140 • Phytotaxa 315 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press

MARTINS & ALMEDA

Distribution and habitat:—Largely centered in the states of São Paulo and Paraná where it grows in brejo, capão margins, wet grassy sites, and disturbed open areas in rain forest at 400–1600 m elevation. Figure 26 . In the protologue, Chamisso (1834) gives the state of Minas Gerais as the locality for the Lhotzky syntype but not the Sellow syntype; the label on the latter only gives “Brasilia” as the locality. Cogniaux (1891) lists collections of this species made by Sello, Riedel, Langsdorff, and Lhotzky as being from Minas Gerais. We have not seen the Lhotzky collection or any duplicates of it. The original herbarium for Lhotsky’s collections is unknown; we have also been unable to locate any old specimens of this species among the several herbaria known to house his Brazilian collections ( Stafleu & Cowan 1981). Neither have we seen any other Lhotzky collections of Lavoisiera in any of the many herbaria we have consulted. In Brazil, Lhotzky collected mainly in the states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro ( Chaudhri, Vegter & de Wal 1972). It therefore seems unlikely that this was a geographic error perpetuated by Cogniaux (1883, 1891). We have seen no authentic recent collections of L. pulchella from Minas Gerais but we are including the state in the distribution of this species based on old records. Thus, L. pulchella appears to be the only species in the genus with extant populations largely restricted to the states of Paraná and São Paulo.

Conservation status:—This comparatively widespread and locally common species has been collected repeatedly over several decades. The EOO is 36,301 km ² and the AOO is 52 km ². The populations in Parque Nacional Serra da Bocaina are afforded some protection. In view of its widespread geographic and elevational distribution we assign a classification of Near Threatened (NT).

Discussion:— Lavoisiera pulchella is a sparingly branched subshrub that typically forms a lignotuber. Some of its most distinctive characters include its leaf blades that lack a conspicuous callose-thickened margin but are fringed with glandular trichomes to 1 mm long, and an early caducous gland-tipped apical trichome. The blades are otherwise glabrous except for the sparse line of gland-tipped trichomes that are mostly restricted to the prominent midvein abaxially. Other distinctive features include its 5–6-merous flowers, oblong-lanceolate to linear-oblong calyx lobes that are glandular-hirtellous abaxially and along the margins, large (antesepalous) anther thecae that are red with white or pink rostra, and appendages that are not conspicuously bilobed.

The only notable variation in this species involves flower merosity, ovary locule number, the degree to which the ovary is inferior, and the indumentum on hypanthia. In the protologue, Chamisso described the flowers as 6- merous. This is true for typical populations of L. pulchella that also have 6-locular ovaries that are 1/2 to 2/3 inferior. The entity from São Paulo state described as L. australis has 5-merous flowers, and a 5-locular ovary that tends to be about 4/5 inferior. We consider this to be part of the variation to be found in this species and agree with Triana (1871) who relegated this name to synonymy. Several populations in Paraná state have both 5- and 6- merous flowers that are born on separate plants. The hypanthia can be sparsely glandular-hirtellous apically but glabrous basally, or sometimes they are completely glabrous or glandular-puberulous throughout, but this variation does not appear to correlate with other characters or geographic locality.

The only species with which L. pulchella may be confused is the closely related L. canastrensis , a Serra da Canastra (Minas Gerais) endemic that also has leaf blades of similar shape, 5–6-merous flowers, and 5–6-locular ovaries. The latter differs consistently in having leaf blades with a terminal persistent pungent trichome, serrulate and subcallose to conspicuously callose-thickened margins beset with eglandular cilia 0.5–1 mm long, eglandular trichomes sparsely distributed along the midvein abaxially (these sometimes lacking altogether), sessile flowers (vs. pedicellate), hypanthia that are modally glabrous or with a few scattered eglandular trichomes distally, triangular apiculate calyx lobes, large (antesepalous) anther thecae that are intense red (including the rostra), and anther appendages on the large stamens that are conspicuously bilobed ( Figure 1H ).

Additional specimens examined:— PARANÁ: Mpio. Jaguariaíva, Parque Estadual do Cerrado, L. Almeida et al. UPCB 27506 (UEC!); Mpio. Piraí do Sul [“Pirahy”], Brito 67 (R!); Mpio. Ponta Grossa, Parque Vila Velha, Fortaleza, Cervi et al. 3101 (UEC!); Mpio. Balsa Nova, BR-376, São Luiz do Puruna, Cervi et al. UPCB 19222 (NY!); Mpio. Palmeira, Rio Tibagi, J. Cordeiro & Hatschbach 525 (S-2!); Mpio. Campo Largo, Serra São Luiz do Puruna, J. Cordeiro & Nicolack 684 (ESA!, HUEFS!, S!); Estrada Curitiba-Ponta Grossa, Viaduto da Sta.-PR, Dombrowski 1347 ( US!); Capão Grande para Ponta Grossa, Fortaleza, Dusen 2885 (S!); Villa Velha, Dusen 7205 (BM!, C!, NY!, S!, US-2!); Jaguariaíva, Dusen 9209 (S!); Serra S. Luiz de Purun, Hatschbach 205 (RB!); Mpio. Piraí do Sul, Serra das Furnas, Hatschbach 3852 (B!, US!); Mpio. Arapoti, Rio Cinzas, Barra do Perdizes, Hatschbach 6548 (MBM!, NY!); Mpio. Jaguariaíva, Estr. para Sertão Alto, Hatschbach 8694 ( US!); Mpio. Balsa Nova, Barra do Rio dos Papagaios, Hatschbach 18752 (MBM!); Mpio. Jaguariaíva, Fazenda Chapada Santo

LAVOISIERA ( MELASTOMATACEAE )

Phytotaxa 315 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 141 Antônio, Hatschbach 20419 ( C!) ; Mpio. Ponta Grossa , Fortaleza, Hatschbach 23219 ( NY!) ; Mpio. Balsa Nova , Serra São Luiz, Hatschbach 31861 ( MBM!) ; Mpio. Piraí do Sul , Joaquim Murtinho, Hatschbach 39195 ( UEC!) ; Mpio. Palmeira , Rod. do Café , rio Tibagi, Hatschbach 40238 ( UEC!) ; Mpio. Lapa , Parque do Monge, Hatschbach 41937 ( MBM!, NY!, UEC!) ; Mpio. Balsa Nova , Alto do Puruna, Hatschbach 42652 ( C!, F!, UB!) ; Mpio. Palmeira , Santa Rita, Hatschbach 45728 ( BR!) ; Mpio. Tibagi , Guartela , Canyon Rio Iapó, Hatschbach & E. Barbosa 58174 ( W!) ; Mpio. Palmeira , Rod. do Café , Rio Tibagi , Hatschbach & M. Joly 11263 ( B!, RB!) ; Mpio. Jaguariaíva , Hoehne 23444 ( NY!) ; Road from Curitiba to Vila Velha , Fazenda Santa Amélia , Highway BR at Km 70, Koyama et al. 13839 ( NY!) ; Serra de São Luiz , M. Kuhlmann s.n. ( CAS!) ; Mpio. Jaguariaíva , Rio Samambaia , Kummrow 811 ( MBM!, US!); Mpio. Campo Largo, Serra do Puruna, Kummrow 2400 ( BR!) ; Limit between Mun. Ponta Grossa and Mun. Palmeira, gorge of Rio Tibagi at point where BR 376 crosses, 25°20'S, 49°50'W, Landrum 2518 ( MICH!) ; Serra de São Luiz a 50 km de Curitiba , Mello Filho, L. Emygdio & J. Angely 1542 ( R!) ; Mpio. Campo Largo , São Luiz de Puruna, Pereira 5443 ( F!, RB!) ; Vila Velha , Pereira & Pabst 8281 ( M!, RB!, US!); Mpio. Ponta Grossa , Parque Nacional de Vila Velha, 25°10'S, 50°W, Rauscher vil 28 ( W!) ; Mpio. Ponta Grossa , Rodovia do Café , Rio Tibagi , Reitz & Klein 17495 ( B!, C!, LE!, US!); Mpio. Jaguariaíva, Parque Estadual do Cerrado, Ribas 2770 ( ALCB!, G!) ; São Bento , Rincão das Pedras, Schwacke 2621 ( BR!, R!, RB!) ; estrada entre Ponta Grossa e Itararé, Km 203, Shepherd & Andrade 6158 ( UEC!) : Mpio. Palmeira , Recanto dos Papagaios, J. Silva & Ruas 1080 ( CAS!, HUEFS!, W!) ; Mpio. Castro , Rodovia Castro a Tibagi , Km 21, J. Silva et al. 1875 ( HUEFS!, MBM!) ; Mpio. Balsa Nova , Serra de São Luiz by the Rodovia de Café , 25°30'S, 49°40'W, Smith et al. 14409 ( MO!, R!, US!); Mpio. Piraí do Sul, Serra das Furnas , 24°26'S, 49°52'W, Smith et al. 14581 ( NY!, R!, US!); Mpio. Vila Velha, Stellfeld 1651 (RB-2!); entre Castro e Ponta Grossa, Vidal III-157 ( R!) ; Serra S. Luiz , entre Palmeiras e Curitiba , Vidal III-496 ( R!). SÃO PAULO: Mpio. São José do Barreiro. Road from São José do Barreiro ( SP 221 ) to the entrance of Parque Nacional Serra da Bocaina between Kms 24 and 27, -22.73318, -44.61657, Almeda et al. 9830 ( BHCB!, CAS!, K!, NY!, RB!, UEC!) ; Serra da Bocaina , margem do Rio Mambucaba , A. Andrade 232 ( R!) ; Mpio. Itararé , Estação Experimental do IAC, 24°17'S, 49°12'W, Barreto et al. 2896 ( CAS!) ; Serra da Bocaina, Brade 20638 ( F!, M!, MO!, NY-2!, RB!); Bocaina, Dansereau s.n. ( RB!) ; Serra da Bocaina, Egler 65 ( B!, RB!, US!); São José do Barreiro , Fazenda Pinheirinho, Freitas & Sazima 206 (UEC-2!); 15 km sul de Itararé, Gibbs et al. 1744 ( CAS!) ; Campos da Bocaina , Glaziou 8377 ( C!, F!, G!, K!, LE!, P!, R!) ; Campos de Bocaina , Löfgren & Edwall s.n. ( SP!) ; Serra da Bocaina, Fazenda do Bonito , perto dos limites do Estado do Rio, Lutz 357 ( R!) ; without exact locality, Riedel 356 ( LE!) ; Mpio. São José do Barreiro , Parque Nacional da Bocaina , Fazenda Floresta , Rossi & Catharino 1540 ( UEC!) ; Campos Gerais , Saint-Hilaire 1494 ( P!) ; Mpio. Itararé , Fazenda Ibiti-RIPASA, Scaramuzza 75 ( ESA!) ; Mpio. Itararé , estrada para Lumber , Scaramuzza & Deur 616 ( ESA!) ; Barreiro Co., Serra da Bocaina, Lageado Farm, Segadas-Viana 3203 ( NY!) ; Barreiro Co., Serra da Bocaina, Lageado, Segadas-Viana 3318 ( US!); Sello s.n. ( US!); Est. SP-Serra da Bocaina, estrada para S. J. do Barreiro-Silveiras, Km 24, Shepherd & Shepherd 12885 ( UEC!) ; Mpio. Itararé , Fazenda do IAC, V. C. Souza et al. 2313 ( ESA!) ; Mpio. Itararé , Fazenda Santa Maria do Espinho, 24°16'S, 49°17'W, V. C. Souza et al. 3512 ( CAS!, HUEFS, HUEM) ; Mpio. Itararé , Fazenda Santa Maria do Espinho, 24°17'S, 49°16'W, V. C. Souza et al. 3521 ( ESA!) ; Mpio. Itararé , Fazenda Ibiti (Ripasa), 24°13'S, 49°15'W, V. C. Souza et al. 3582 ( ESA!) ; Mpio. Itararé , Fazenda Espinho, 24°17'S, 49°13'W, V. C. Souza et al. 3842 ( ESA!) ; Mpio. Itararé , Fazenda Ibiti (Ripasa), 24°14'S, 49°16'W, V. C. Souza et al. 3875 ( ESA!) ; Mpio. Itararé , Fazenda Ibiti (Ripasa), 24°14'S, 49°16'W, V. C. Souza et al. 3876 ( ESA!) ; Mpio. Itararé , Fazenda do Espinho, V. C. Souza et al. 4740 ( CAS!, ESA, SORO, UEC!) ; Mpio. Itararé , estrada Itararé-Bonsucesso , Fazenda Ibiti (Ripasa), 20°14'S, 49°16'W, V. C. Souza et al. 4815 ( CAS!, ESA, UEC!, UPCB) ; Mpio. Itararé , estrada Itararé-Bonsucesso, beira do Rio Verde, V. C. Souza et al. 7203 ( ESA!, UEC!) ; Mpio. Itararé , estrada Itararé-Bonsucesso, Fazenda Santa Maria do Espinho, 24°15'S, 49°15'W, V. C. Souza et al. 7376 ( CAS!, UEC!) ; Bom Sucesso de Itararé ; Fazenda Santa Maria do Espinho e Saco Grande, 24°16'S, 49°15'W, Torezan et al. 702 ( ESA!); J. Weir s.n. ( K!) ; Tucunduva , J. Weir 386 ( BM!, F!) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Images of Lavoisiera species. A. L. adamantium (Almeda et al. 8504). B–C. L. alba (Almeda et al. 9624). D–E. L. arachnoidea (unvouchered image). F. L. belinelloi (Almeda et al. 8532). G. L. bradeana (Almeda et al. 9718). H. L. canastrensis (Almeda et al. 7878). I. L. caryophyllea (Almeda et al. 9172). J–K. L. chamaepitys (Almeda et al. 8500). L. L. confertiflora (Almeda et al. 9725). Image credits: A–C, F–L. Frank Almeda; D–E. Karina Fidanza.

FIGURE 4. Images of Lavoisiera species. A−C. L. macrocarpa (Almeda et al. 9173). D. L. mucorifera (Almeda et al. 9607). E. L. pulchella (Almeda et al. 9830). F−G. L. pulcherrima (Almeda et al. 9666). H−I. L. punctata (Almeda 9709). J. L. rigida (Almeda et al. 9089). K. L. rigida (Almeda et al. 9604). L. L. rigida (Almeda et al. 9635). Image credits: A−L. Frank Almeda.

FIGURE 11. SEM images of seeds for representative Lavoisiera species showing lateral symmetrical plane (left) and detail of testa cells and cell wall microrelief (right). A–B. L. nervulosa (Mori & Benton 13167). C–D. L. pulchella (Rossi & Catharino 1540). E–F. L. pulchella (Reitz & Klein 17495). Scale bars: A & C=300 µm; B=75 µm; D=30 µm; E=380 µm; F=38 µm.

FIGURE 26. Distributions of Lavoisiera canastrensis, L. cogniauxana, L. crassifolia, L. pulchella, and L. rigida.

FIGURE 52. Lavoisiera pulchella. A. Habit. B. Abaxial leaf surface. C. Abaxial bract surface. D. Flower. E. Hypanthium and calyx lobes. F. Ovary cross-section. G. Petal with apex detail (above) and margin detail (lower left). H. Ventral view of antesepalous stamen. I. Ventral view of antepetalous stamen. J. Seed. (Based on: A–J, Shepherd & Andrade 6158, UEC.)