Baccharis helichrysoides Candolle (1836: 415)

Heiden, Gustavo & Pirani, José Rubens, 2016, Taxonomy of Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides (Asteraceae: Astereae: Baccharidinae), a group from the southeastern South American grasslands and savannas, Phytotaxa 241 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

13. Baccharis helichrysoides Candolle (1836: 415) . Lanugothamnus helichrysoides (DC.) Deble (2012: 11) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: [between Piratini and Pelotas fide Malagarriga (1957)], 1824, ♀ & ♂, F. Sellow d2013 = M. I. B. 811 (lectotype P! (00468143), designated by Malagarriga 1958: 284; isolectotypes: G-DC! (00200392), K!). Remaining syntypes: BRAZIL. São Paulo, s. d., ♀, F. Sellow s.n. = M. I. B. 492 (syntype P! (00468144)). BRAZIL. S.l., s. d., ♂ & ♀, F. Sellow s.n. (probable syntypes, fide Müller (2010), G! (00222633; 00222634), GH! (00247134), W).

Baccharis lanuginosa Gardner (1848: 82) . Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: [between Serro and Arraial dos Cocais, between 18 th and 26 th August 1840, fide Hind, pers. comm.], Sept. 1840, ♀, G. Gardner 4900/1 (holotype BM! (000756675)) .

Illustrations: — Baker (1882: tabula 21: I); Barroso (1976: 224); Teodoro (1954: 19); Barroso (1976: 210); Malagarriga (1977: dessin 63). Fig. 32 , 33 .

Shrubs 0.7–2 m tall, erect; fertile shoots virgate, branches axillary. Stems light brown to stramineous or light green, shoots villose. Leaves 1.6–5.5 cm long, 0.5–1.2 cm wide, sessile, evenly distributed along the branches; leaf blade thin, linear, oblong, cordate to ovate, apex acute, base obtuse or cordate, margins entire, revolute; leaves 1- nerved or basally 3-nerved, acrodromous imperfect, adaxial surface with a deciduous sericeous indumentum, abaxial surface with a persistent tomentose indumentum. Capitulescences paniculate, terminal; panicles pyramidal,

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Phytotaxa 241 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 59 rarely corymbiform, 4.5–45 cm long, 3–15 cm wide. Capitula sessile to pedunculate; peduncles 0.1–13 mm long, villose. Male capitula 5.5–6.2 mm long; involucre 5.3–5.5 mm long, 6.4–9.3 mm wide, campanulate; phyllaries 3- seriate, canescent, outer ones ovate, median and inner ones linear-oblong, margins entire, apex acute to rounded, villose; clinanthium conical, pubescent, covered by filiform trichomes; florets 15–42; corollas 3.6–4.2 mm long, tube 1.3–1.6 mm long, throat 0.9–1 mm, lobes 1.4–1.6 mm long, biseriate trichomes on the throat and filiform on the lobes; anthers light brown, 3.5–4.2 mm long; style 3.6–4.2 mm long; ovary abortive, 0.05–0.11 mm long, 0.2–0.25 mm wide, glabrous; pappus 3.6–4.2 mm long, bristles 12–16, tortuous, apically not broadened. Female capitula 8–15 mm long; involucre 5.8–7.5 mm long, 4.5–7.7 mm wide, turbinate to cylindrical; phyllaries 3–4- seriate, canescent, outer ones ovate, median and inner ones linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute, villose; clinanthium conical, pubescent, covered by filiform trichomes; florets 22–45; corollas 3.6–4 mm long; style 3.8–4.1 mm long, branches 0.1–0.2 mm long. Cypselae 1.2–1.4 mm long, 0.5–0.6 mm wide, light brown, puberulent, evenly covered by twin trichomes, obconical, 5-ribbed; pappus 5.4–9.9 mm long, deciduous; bristles 52–66, not broadened apically, strongly accrescent. Chromosome number n=9 (Coleman 1968).

Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the resemblance of the species with species of the genus Helichrysum Mill. ( Asteraceae : Gnaphalieae ).

Distribution and habitat: — Baccharis helichrysoides occurs in northeastern Argentina (Missiones province), centre–western (Mato Grosso do Sul state), southeastern (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states) and southern Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states), and eastern Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazú, Caazapá and Guairá departments). It is known from several locations along mountainous areas in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (Iron Quadrangle), Serra do Espinhaço, Serra do Caparaó, Serra da Mantiqueira, Serra do Mar, Planalto Paulista, Planalto de Curitiba, Planalto de Ponta Grossa, Serra Geral and surrounding hilly areas reaching the Cordillera de Amambay /Serra de Amambaí westwards, at elevations between 100 and 2200 m a.s.l. (Fig. 34). It forms small populations in open habitats, growing generally on banks or areas with dry and shallow rocky soils, in savannas, high altitude tropical and subtropical highland grasslands, edges of Ombrophilous Dense Forest, Omphophilous Mixed Forest (with Araucaria ) and Semideciduous Forest, or even in anthropic areas, within the Cerrado, Atlantic and Paranense provinces.

Phenology: —Fertile specimens have been collected from October to early July, with a flowering peak between December and March.

Conservation status: — Least concern ( LC). Baccharis helichrysoides is known to occur in several nature reserves and in non-protected primary, secondary and anthropized areas, too. Although it is not threatened along its entire range, isolated populations in Mato Grosso do Sul ( Brazil) and adjacent Amambay ( Paraguay) could face some risk of local extinctions and regional assessments are encouraged .

Vernacular names: —Alecrim (Duarte 1048).

Comments: — Baccharis helichrysoides is the most common and widespread species of B. subgen. Tarchonanthoides . Despite the wide distribution, variability of vegetative and reproductive characters is narrower when compared to the other consubgeneric species. Leaf shape can vary more when comparing basal and upper leaves from the same specimen, than among individuals of the same population or from different localities. Capitulescences are mostly pyramidal, but corymbiform panicles can be found. Individuals with corymbiform panicles are rare, and co-occur with individuals presenting pyramidal capitulescences, in Paraguay and Parque Nacional do Itatiaia , in the boundary between Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states in Brazil .

Baker (1882) cites one specimen of B. helichrysoides collected by Silva Manso in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Since this specimen could not be located and examined, the occurrence of the species in Mato Grosso is not confirmed with the available data.

Selected specimens examined: — ARGENTINA. MISIONES: Bonpland , 9 February 1908, ♂, E. L . Ekman 218 ( LP, S) . BRAZIL. MATO GROSSO DO SUL: Amambaí, tribo Caiuá , 1979, ♂, W. G . Garcia s.n. ( UEC13693 ). MINAS GERAIS: Conceição do Mato Dentro, Serra do Cipó , 1340 m, 17 February 2011, ♀, G . Heiden & J. R . Pirani 1625 ( BHCB, CTB, GB, ICN, JE, LP, MBM, MVFA, RB, SPF, UEC, US); ♂, G . Heiden & J. R . Pirani 1626 ( SPF). Jaboticatubas, Serra do Cipó , 1350 m, 18 February 201, ♀, G . Heiden & J. R . Pirani 1619 ( BHCB, GB, K, ICN, MBM, RB, SPF, US); ♂, G . Heiden & J. R . Pirani 1620 ( BHCB, GB, K, MBM, SPF). S . l., Cachoeira, Hermilo Alves , 10 January 1948, ♂, A. P . Duarte 1048 ( RB). PARANÁ: Candói , BR 373, 960 m, 7 February 2011, bud, G . Heiden 1573 ( ICN, MBM, RB, SPF, US). RIO DE JANEIRO: Itatiaia , 28 May 1935, ♀, A. C . Brade 14567 ( RB); 10 March 1943, ♀, E . Pereira 42 ( HB, RB). Petrópolis , 13 April 1968, ♀, D. Sucre 2754 ( RB). Teresópolis, 23

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February 1949, ♂, C. Rizzini 434 ( RB) ; 3 March 1963, G. F. J. Pabst 7325 ( HB) ; 10 February 1968, ♀, D. Sucre 2311 & P. I. S. Braga 154 ( GUA, HB, RB). Vassouras , 23 March 1940, ♀, H. Monteiro Filho 2237 ( RBR). RIO GRANDE DO SUL: Giruá , 1 March 1976, K. Hagelund 10124 ( ICN). SANTA CATARINA: Alfredo Wagner , 495 m , 6 May 2013, ♂, G. Heiden & J. R. V. Iganci 2096 ( SPF); ♀, G. Heiden & J. R. V. Iganci 2097 ( SPF). Curitibanos , 969 m , 10 June 2012, ♀, G. Heiden & J. R. V. Iganci 1912 ( RB, SPF). Praia Grande, Serra do Faxinal , 424 m , 19 January 2011, bud, G. Heiden 1553 ( MVFA, RB, SPF). SÃO PAULO: São Paulo, Área de Proteção Ambiental Capivari-Monos , 695 m , st., G. Heiden 1691 ( SPF); Jaguaré , 759 m , 7 November 2010, st., G. Heiden 1409 ( SPF). PARAGUAY. ALTO PARANÁ: Alto Paraná, 1909/10, ♀, K. Fiebrig 6004 ( G). AMAMBAY: Sierra de Amambay , 1907/08, ♀, E. Hassler 10240a ( G, LIL). CAAGUAZÚ: Caaguazú, 1905, E. Hassler 8910 ( LIL). CAAZAPÁ: Caazapá , 2 km del Destacamento Militar , 21 December 1988, N. Soria 3063 ( MO). GUAIRÁ: Colonia Independencia , March 1924, ♂, T. Rojas 4792 A ( MO) .

FIGURE 34. Distribution of Baccharis helichrysoides (○).

Figures

FIGURE 32. Baccharis helichrysoides. A. Fertile shoot of pistillate plant. B. Leaves. C. Portion of villose peduncle. D. Male capitulum. E. Phyllaries of male capitulum (outer to inner). F. Male floret. G. Female capitulum. H. Phyllaries of female capitulum (outer to inner). I. Female floret. J. Corolla and style of female floret. K. Cypsela. A, C, G–K: Heiden 1619 (SPF). B (from left to right): Brade 14567 (RB); Heiden 1691 (SPF); Heiden 1619 (MBM); Hassler 10240a (LIL). D–F: Heiden 1620 (SPF). Illustration by João Iganci.

FIGURE 33. Baccharis helichrysoides. A. Habitat on roadside vegetation in an area under influence of the tropical savannas at Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó, Jaboticatubas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. B. Shoots. C. Male capitulescence. D. Female capitulescence. E. Male capitula. F. Female capitula. Photos by G. Heiden.