Katacamilla cavernicola Papp, 1978

Kirk-Spriggs, A. H., Barraclough, D. A. & Meier, R., 2002, The immature stages of Katacamilla cavernicola Papp, the rst described for the Camillidae (Diptera: Schizophora), with comparison to other known Ephydroidea larvae, and notes on biology, Journal of Natural History 36 (9), pp. 1105-1128 : 1112-1117

Katacamilla cavernicola Papp

(gures 6–22)

Material The material studied for this paper was cited in Barraclough (1998a: 167).

Additional material examined

NAMIBIA: 2, 7, Tsumeb District, Tigerhöhle, SE 1917 Bd, 16 August 1998, E. Marais, reared from bat guano in cave ( NMSA, NMNW); 3, 5, Tsumeb District, Tigerhöhle, SE 1917 Bd, 16 August 1998, E. Marais, reared from moistened rock pigeon ( Columba guinea L., 1758 ( Columbidae )) guano, moistened: 17 December 1998, emerged: 23 December 1998 ( NMSA, NMNW); 2, 1, Tsumeb District, Tigerhöhle, SE 1917 Bd, 16 August 1998, E. Marais, reared from moistened rock pigeon ( Columba guinea L., 1758 ( Columbidae )) guano, moistened: 17 December 1998, emerged: 24 December 1998 ( NMNW).

Description of the third instar larva

The following description applies to larvae that were killed in near boiling water. The body shape of living larvae and specimens killed using other techniques may diOEer.

Larvae 4.45–4.70 mm long (mean 54.5 mm, SD 50.1 mm; n 510), width at widest point (mid-length) 0.7–0.9 mm (mean50.8 mm, SD 50.08; n 510) (gure 6); narrow, cylindrical, slightly dorso-laterally attened, and anteriorly and posteriorly narrowed, with seven paired and one unpaired tubercle on last body compartment, here called the anal division (gures 17, 18); colour uniform dirty yellow, with anterior and posterior spiracles slightly darker, notably reddish at apices of the latter.

Pseudocephalon anteriorly distinctly bilobed, approximately as long as wide (gure 7); facial mask on either side of mouth opening with large series of fringed, overlapping oral ridges, each with its posterior edge consisting of pointed nger-like projections; similar oral ridges also found anterior to mouth opening (gures 7–9); mouthhooks separated by brace composed of a longitudinal eshy ridge on either side of deep furrow (gure 7); with large labial lobe posterior to mouth opening (gure 7); antenna in terminal position composed of perfectly rounded distal dome inserted into basal ring; maxillary palp posteroventral to antenna, with all main sensilla close together and arranged in single area; palps were too soiled in the study specimens for a more detailed description (gure 10).

Anterior spiracles of the fan type, located on the prothoracic segment (gure 14), consisting of four or ve long, thin digitations, the apex of each ending in two raised pear-shaped processes on either side of slit-like opening, distance between processes (at their bases) 0.42 mm; ecdysial scar not visible.

Pseudocephalon separated from prothoracic segment by fold covered with long, pointed, reclinate spinules arranged in numerous rows (gure 11); all thoracic segments unusually long and distinctly narrower anteriorly than posteriorly (gure 6); Keilin’s organs on prothorax very close together, almost touching (gure 13), on meso- and metathorax more widely separated; abdominal segments less well-separated from one another than the thoracic segments (gure 7); creeping welts of abdominal segments on posterior third of segments consisting of multiple rows of short, reclinate spinules (gure 15, 16); creeping welts poorly de ned laterally and dorsally; only on abdominal segments 3–6 with ventral rows of spinules on elevated welts (gure 6); integument of thoracic and abdominal segments (except for anal division) between creeping welts is glabrous (gures 6, 15).

Each posterior spiracle with three slit-like openings on single spiracular plate located on short stigmatophore (gures 17–19); distance between stigmatophore s at their apices 0.15 mm, the three slits radiate from centre of plate and are separated by four fan-like peristigmatic tufts originating close to rim of spiracular plate; each tuft with large, round, basal sheet from which few narrow hairs radiate terminally; spiracular plate with clearly de ned, sometimes Y-shaped ecdysial scar medio-basall y (gure 19).

Anal division slightly expanded ventrally and covered by spinules arranged in irregular rows (gure 17); ventrally with pair of relatively small glabrous anal pads that are separated by a cleft-like anal opening (gure 18); anal division with one unpaired and seven pairs of tubercles (gures 17, 18): the unpaired anal tuft posterior to the anal opening is anked by a pair of anal tubercles; the remaining tubercles form, viewed posteriorly, a ring around the stigmatophores, from ventral to dorsal they are named sensu the Drosophilidae nomenclature of Okada (1968): the subventral, ventral, lateral, dorsolateral and dorsal tubercles (gures 17, 18).

Cephalopharyngeal skeleton (gures 12): mouthhooks elongate, sickle-shaped, entirely black in colour except for a campaniform sensillum visible as a tiny window situated basally and posteriorly to accessory tooth, apex bluntly pointed, with well-developed, blunt downward projecting accessory tooth, basal area broad with posterior corners squarely rounded; dental sclerite sausage-shape d and carrying adductor apodemes of mouthhooks, black in colour, extending beneath and around basal region of mouthhook; intermediate sclerite club-shaped in lateral view, black, rather long, with apex broad and blunt, narrowed posteriorly (particularly noticeable when viewed from above); with ventral transverse bar and on ventral side with two forward and dorsad projecting sclerotizations consisting of a paler brownish cuticle and surrounded by light brown membrane; with pair of parastomal bars running adjacent and dorsal to intermediate sclerite, posteriorly attached to the basal sclerite; at anterior end of parastomal bar with near-transparen t epistomal sclerite surrounded by a light brown margin, positioned slightly ventral of parastomal bar; sclerite with two very ne bars projecting backward to two-thirds the length of intermediate sclerite; basal sclerite brownish black in area of vertical plate, but becoming a paler tan-brown on upper edge of dorsal cornu, and on lower and posterior regions of ventral cornu, dorsal bridge weakly sclerotized, mostly well-separated from basal sclerite except for a ventral connecting bar, with a cuticular sieve consisting of a network of holes; dorsal cornu subparallel-sided and with an open window at posterior end of dorsal arm, divided apically into an internal long, straight, needlelike structure and externally into broader more truncate structure; ventral cornu also with open window at posterior end, divided into internal, at, leaf-like structure and externally into at, broad and poorly sclerotized wing.

Description of the puparium

As in third instar larva (n 538), but with following diOEerences. Puparium (gure 22) overall length 2.90 mm, width at widest point (mid-length) 1.15 mm; length of anterior pupal cap 0.81 mm, breadth of anterior pupal cap at widest point (basally) 0.92 mm; length of ventral pupal cap 0.42 mm, breadth of ventral pupal cap at widest point (basally) 1.10 mm; length of pupal trunk (minus pupal caps) 2.39 mm.

Shape broad, cylindrical, gently curved at sides, apically and posteriorly truncate, colour uniform orange-brown, darkened at posterior end surrounding and including posterior spiracles, surface sub-shining, with matt spinular zones and creeping welts (ventrally), with one unpaired and seven paired, short blunt protuberances partly encircling posterior spiracles and anal pad (gure 20) as in larva, but these shorter and black in colour and having their bases more closely abutting one another; distance between anterior spiracles 0.41 mm.

Posterior spiracles as described for the third instar larva, 0.17 mm long and separated by 0.15 mm (gure 20). Anal pad as in third instar larva, but cuticle adjacent to it of a more buckled appearance (gure 21). Cephalopharyngea l skeleton as for third instar larva.