Kaiparowitsia implicata Mai, Johansen et Bohunická, 2018

Mai, Truc, Johansen, Jeffrey R., Pietrasiak, Nicole, Bohunická, Markéta & Martin, Michael P., 2018, Revision of the Synechococcales (Cyanobacteria) through recognition of four families including Oculatellaceae fam. nov. and Trichocoleaceae fam. nov. and six new genera containing 14 species, Phytotaxa 365 (1), pp. 1-59 : 46-47

Kaiparowitsia implicata Mai, Johansen et Bohunická sp. nov.

Diagnosis:— Considerably similar to the morphology of T. nuda , however differing in the occasional formation of Arthronema -like outgrowths ( Figs. 23g –i at arrows). Other distinctive characteristics observed in the secondary structure of conserved ITS domains, especially in the long and unique sequence of D1-D1’ helix and a likely C→ U mutation (position 101) in the 3’ basal unilateral bulge unique among Oculatellaceae ( Fig. 6q–r ).

Description:— Colony radially spreading, becoming mucilaginous with age, bright blue-green, green, or olive green. Filaments flexuous, entangled, sometimes fasciculated ( Fig. 23a–b ), sometimes with multiple trichomes in a common sheath ( Figs. 23d–f ), without false branching, 1.3 – 1.5 – (2.3) μm wide. Sheath thin, occasionally expanded ( Fig. 23d ), sometimes absent, up to 0.7 μm wide. Trichomes untapered, bent, flexuous, entangled, sometimes forming nodules ( Figs. 23c–f ), with cell division occurring throughout trichome length, not constricted at the indistinct cross-walls, 1.3–1.5 μm wide. Hormogonia and necridia absent. Cells cylindrical, longer than wide, with Arthronema- like involution cells with outgrowths ( Figs. 23g –i at arrows), with homogenous content, typically 3.1–3.7 μm long, but abnormally long cells (as much as 20 μm) commonly encountered. End cells rounded or conically rounded.

D1-D1’ helix 142 nucleotides long, with basal 3’ unilateral bulge of 7 nucleotides (5’-UAUCCCA-3’), with additional large 3’ unilateral bulge at position 100–113; mid-helix with 5–6 internal loops due to adenine and guanine mismatches of 3–5 nucleotides, at positions 15–17/111–112, 29–30/92–93, 35–37/86–87, 41–42/81–82, 45–47/77–78 and 53/70–71; terminal loop having sequence 5’-UUAAUU-3’ ( Fig. 6q–r ). Box B helix 36 nucleotides long, with one basal internal loop at position 5/31–32, one unpaired adenine at position 9, terminal loop of 4 nucleotides ( Fig. 7p ). V2 between tRNAAla and tRNAIle absent. V3 helix 113 nucleotides long, with a5’-G/A-3’and 5’-A/G-3’ mismatches at positions 5/109 and 42/72, several internal loops at positions 14–18/95–99, 22–25/88–91, 34–37/77–79, two unpaired nucleotides of guanine and adenine at positions 67 and 105 respectively of 3’ strand ( Fig. 9n ).

Etymology:— implicata (L): tangled

Type locality:— USA. Utah: Camp Spring Site 1, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument ( GSENM), 37°32’35” N- 111°38’26” W, collected on 15 August 2006 by Markéta Bohunická. Small horizontal seep wall in sandstone of Kaiparowits Plateau formation, colored intensely orange by iron bacteria, in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument ( GSENM), Kane County, Utah, USA. Found in wet soil under the overhang with pH 7.7–8.1, with mottled coloration.

Holotype here designated:— BRY37784 !, Herbarium for Nonvascular Cryptogams, Monte L. Bean Museum, Provo, Utah.

Isotypes here designated:— BRY 37785! and BRY 37786!, Herbarium for Nonvascular Cryptogams, Monte L. Bean Museum, Provo, Utah.

Reference strain:— GSE-PSE-MK54-09C, Algal Culture Collection at John Carroll University, Cleveland, USA. Additional reference strains: GSE-TBC-9 CA and GSE-TBC-9 CA 2, respectively.

Taxonomic notes: — Kaiparowitsia implicata is distinguished from previously described species in the Synechococcales by the characteristic involution cells with outgrowths on the side of the cell. These strange cells are reported only for L. yellowstonensis and Oculatella subterrannea Zammit, Billi and Albertano 2012 (see Albertano & Grilli-Caiola 1988 and Komárek & Anagnostidis (2005: 222)). However, these two species are molecularly distinct from Kaiparowitsia .

Figures

FIGURE 6. D1-D1’ stems of species described in Oculatellaceae.The stem structures of genera described previously in other publications (Oculatella, Thermoleptolyngbya, Timaviella) or in publications under provision (Trichotorquatus) are not shown here.

FIGURE 7. Box B helices of species described in Oculatellaceae. The structures of genera described previously in other publications (Oculatella, Thermoleptolyngbya, Timaviella) or in publications under provision (Trichotorquatus) are not shown here.

FIGURE 9. V3 helices of species described in Oculatellaceae. All species described have this structure. The V3 helix of Cartusia aeruginosa is missing because we do not have the full length of its ITS region.

FIGURE 23.Kaiparowitsiaimplicata.A.Fasicles of trichomeswithout common sheath.B–C.Tightlyentangled filaments forming compact coils. D. Disintegration of trichomes within common sheath occasionally observed. E–F. Nodule formation common. F–H. Distinctively longer than width common cells and crooked, Arthronema-like involution from cells along trichomes. G–I. Multiple trichomes entangled within one common sheath also observed. Scale bar 10μm in 1000X magnification.