Gwynnagraecia viridis Rentz, Su and Ueshima, 2021

Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning & Ueshima, Norihiro, 2021, Studies in Australian Tettigoniidae: New short-winged Agraeciini from Australia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini), Zootaxa 5059 (2), pp. 1-72 : 20-21

Gwynnagraecia viridis Rentz, Su and Ueshima Gen. et Sp. Nov.

ANIC Number Gen Nov. 9, sp. 5

( Figs 10 A-N; Fig. 20E ; Table 3 , Map 5 )

12 Named with reference to the bright green colour of the katydids in life.

Common name. Gwynne’s Green Katydid

Holotype male. 1. “Busselton (Queen Elizabeth Rd) W. A. 17 January 1984 D. T. Gwynne”. 2. “Specimen recorded Animal #1”. 3. “Specimen photographed”. 4. “ ANIC database #14008750” . Holotype in Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra. Specimens examined. Paratypes. Western Australia. 33 o 52’S 115 o 43’E 12 km NNW of Nannup , 15.ii.1980 (DCF Rentz, Stop 59, 1 male, Cytol. prep. 80-88; 1 female, ANIC). Ca . 33 o 41.114’S 115 o 19.613’E Queen Elizabeth Ave , 12.i.1985 (DT Gwynne, 1 male, ANIC) . Fitzgerald River Nat. Park , 23.i.1986 (WJ Bailey, 2 males, ANIC) . 32 o 05’S 116 o 08’E Kerragullen, Illawarra Rd. , 30.x.1990 DCF Rentz, YN Su, Stop 154, 2 males, ANIC ). 33 o 23’S 116 o 16’E 11 km E. by S. of Collie , 24.i.1991 (DCF Rentz, N. Wedell, K. McCarron, Stop 30, 1 male, ANIC) .

Type locality. The type locality was typical coastal heath with scatter tall eucalypts. It seemed susceptible to development.

Differential Diagnosis. Overall body shape robust and small ( Table 3 ). Colour of the few specimens at hand is uniform except most have faded due to dry preservation. The sulcus on the fastigium of the vertex is minute and short. Antennal scape very broad and with a dorsal flange ( Fig. 10B ); pedicel not especially modified; flagellum not annulate ( Fig. 10A ). Male cercus distinctive ( Fig.10N ); tenth tergite with elongate projection, modified apically ( Figs 10I, N ); subgenital plate ( Fig. 10H ) narrowing apically, styles elongate; titillator ( Fig. 10M ) without any sclerotised parts. Female (n=1) with tenth tergite unmodified; cercus rather prominent, stout; subgenital plate triangular, elongate, apex acute, without median carina. Ovipositor elongate, very feebly upcurved, unarmed.

Head. Head not strongly slanting; frons smooth, shining ( Fig. 10A ); fastigium of vertex very short, with minute sulcus ( Fig. 10B ); eye very large for size of head ( Fig. 10C ); median ocellus small, positioned at base of triangular frontal fastigium ( Fig. 10C ), lateral ocelli absent.

Thorax. Pronotum with surface smooth, shining ( Figs 10D ); lateral lobe shallow ( Fig. 10A ) not concealing thoracic auditory structure; anterior margin of disk straight to feebly concave ( Fig. 10D ), posterior margin truncate. Thoracic auditory structure small, ovoid, not hidden be pronotum. Prothorax with elongate spines, meso- and metathorax each with tubercles.

Legs. Legs of normal length. Fore coxa bearing an elongate spine. All femora clothed with dark setae dorsally ( Figs 10 J-K), ventral surface unarmed on both margins; fore tibia short, slightly swollen apically, dorsal surface unarmed, ventral margin with 6 spines on both margins, the distal two much smaller than the others; middle tibia cylindrical. but slightly swollen, dorsal surface armed on posterior margin with 2 spines positioned at the extremities of the middle third, ventral surface armed similarly to fore tibia. Hind tibia armed apically with a pair of dorsal and ventral spurs. Genicular lobes unarmed.

Tegmina. Tegmina delicate, surface clothed with sparse, dark brown setae and feebly sclerotised ( Figs 10F, G ) venation reduced but with two prominent elongate veins; stridulatory file ( Fig. 20E ) very short, appearing swollen; mirror poorly defined and without any internal venation.

Abdomen. Tenth tergite ( Figs 10I, N ) with extraordinary lateral extensions, apically modified. Cercus simple but fairly large, without internal armature. Phallic complex without any sclerotised portions ( Fig. 10M ).

Female. Differs from male in following characters. Size slightly larger ( Table 3 ); tegmina apparently absent or wholly concealed beneath pronotum. Tenth tergite unmodified; cercus straight but stout. Ovipositor very elongate ( Table 3 ), gracefully, feebly upcurved, without armature.

Colouration. Most specimens faded to straw brown. In life bright green ( Fig. 10A ). Eye in life distinctive, dorsal border creamish white, reminder grey, except ventral margin with narrow creamish white band. Body sparsely clothed in stout brown setae.

Distribution. Known only from a few localities in ( Fig. 1C, H ), Western Australia ( Map 5 ).

Habitat. Uncommon and very quick to escape from open, sparsely wooded areas often with many shrubs and herbs.

Seasonal occurrence. Occurs as adults from spring into early summer.

Stridulatory file ( Fig. 20E ). A male from the Kerragullen site has 21 teeth, relatively widely spaced at proximal end. An additional male from Fitzgerald River National Park has 21 widely spaced teeth.

Song. Unfortunately, the sound recordings of this species have been lost.

Comments. This is the smallest known agraeciine katydid from Australia. Small size seems to be a characteristic with some Western Australia tettigoniids. Several members of the Tettigoniinae are amongst the smallest in the world (Rentz, 1985) and members of the Microtettigoniinae are the smallest katydids in the world, several which occur in south-western Western Australia. See Rentz (2001).

Gwynnagraecia viridis has distinctive elongate extensions of the tenth tergite. No other known genus of Australian Agraeciini displays such characteristics. We were only able to examine a single female which is slightly damaged. It does not seem to have any obvious pockets into which the male prong-like extensions could fit.

The males from Fitzgerald River are placed here with some reservation. They are not green but bare the typical colour and pattern of Australiagraecia species. They possess the morphological characters described above, so they are included here. They exemplify the unusual convergence of characters that we have observed in these genera. We illustrate habitats where we expect this species to occur ( Figs 1C, H )

G. viridis occurs on or near the ground in heath habitats. It seems equally active day and night. It is extremely wary and jumps repeatedly when disturbed.

Figures

FIG. 10. Gwynnagraecia viridis. A. Adult male. B. Dorsal view head. Note fastigium of vertex. Holotype male, Nannup, W. A. C. Frons. Holotype male, Nannup, W. A. D. Head and pronotum, holotype male, Nannup, W. A. E. Tip of abdomen, subgenital plate removed to show tenth tergal extensions. F. Male tegmen, dorsal view. Kerragullen, W. A. G. Male tegmen, ventral view. Kerragullen, W. A. H. Male subgenital plate. Fitzgerald, National Park, W. A. I. Tip of abdomen, left view. Note extensions of tenth tergite. J. Right hind tibia, internal view. K. Right hind tibia, external view. L. Left middle tibia. Nannup, W. A. M. Phallic complex. N. Adult male, tip of abdomen, posterior view. Note position of extensions of tenth tergite.

FIG. 20. Stridulatory files. A. Australiagraecia spina holotype. B. Australiagraecia minuta. C. Ganiagraecia karwnia, Cytol. prep. 85-19. D. Ganiagraecia karwinia, S-363. E. Gwynnagraecia viridis, Kerragullen. F. Gwynnagraecia perplexa, Fitzgerald River. G. Latitatagraecia kalamaya, Cytol. prep. 2001-1. H. Latitatagraecia vulgivaga, Cytol. prep. 88-66. I. Cooloolagraecia wallum, paratopotype. J. Cooloolagraecia gubbi, paratopotype. K. Kokominiagraecia dicra, S-373. L. Coptaspis sp. 2. M. Timabarragraecia samneilli, paratopotype.

MAP. 5.

FIG. 1. Legends for Habitats. A. Tutanning Nature Reserve, Western Australia. B. Vicinity of Eneabba, Western Australia. C. Stirling Ranges, Western Australia. D. Jandakot, Western Australia. E. Silver Valley Rd, Queensland. F. Near Coolgardie, Western Australia. G. Cooloola National Park, Queensland. H. Stirling Ranges, Western Australia. I. Vicinity of Narrogin, Western Australia.