Grammosciadium macrodon Boiss. subsp. nezaketae B.Bani, 2015
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.224.3.5 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387E3-FF9C-E35F-FF69-E49216042CCE |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Grammosciadium macrodon Boiss. subsp. nezaketae B.Bani |
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subsp. nov. |
Grammosciadium macrodon Boiss. subsp. nezaketae B.Bani View in CoL subsp. nov. ( Figs. 2–3 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 )
The new subspecies is similar to G. macrodon Boiss. subsp. macrodon , but it mainly differs from it by the recurved sepals (not straight) and fruits with dorsal primary ribs having distinctly hyaline longitudinal wing-like stria, more prominent towards apex (not smooth).
Type:— TURKEY. C9 Van: Çatak, around of Dalbastı village , clearings of oak woodland, 1450 m, x: 42.935397 ; y: 37.910315, 10 June 2012, B.Bani 6832 (holotype GAZI!, Isotype ANK!) .
Perennial, flexuous or erect, branched or unbranched herbs. Rootstock with remaining of elder leaf bases. Stem (16–)27–37(–55) cm long and (0.1–)0.18–0.29(–0.5) mm broad (just below the first node), prominently or slightly striate, glabrous or sparsely scabrid at veins, white, green or purplish at base. Basal leaves petiolate; petioles (3–)5–7(–9.5) cm long, broadly sheeted towards base; upper side of petioles smooth or minutely scabrid, prominently ribbed, canaliculate or flat, angular. Lamina 3(–4)-pinnatisect, (4–)7.87–12(–19) cm long, glabrous, lanceolate, elliptic or ovate in outline; primary segments (1–)2–3(–5.2) cm long, distance between primary segments (0.8–)1.5–2(–2.7) cm long; ultimate segments (2–)3–4(–5) mm long, mucronate at apex. Upper leaves similar but decreasing in size upwards. Bracts (2–)4– 5(–6), simple, furcate, trisect or up to 1–3 pinnatisect, (0.85–)1.12–1.44(–2) cm long; sheats sometimes with narrowly white hyaline margin; segments (0.39–)0.52–0.61(–0.8) cm, glabrous or sparsely and minutely scabrid, mucronate at apex. Rays (5–)9–11(–14), unequal, (1.5–)3.4–4.86(–7) cm in flower, (4.7–)6.5–8.2(–10) cm in fruit. Bracteoles (3–)5–7(–8), mostly simple and furcate, trisect or to rarely 3–pinnatisect, (0.34–)0.46–0.59(–0.8) cm long, glabrous or minutely scabrid on margins. Flowers male only or hermaphrodite, (9–)15–18(–19), slightly radiate. Pedicels of male flowers (0.3–)0.4–0.5(–0.7) cm long. Sepals (0.3–)0.58–0.76(–1) cm long, smooth, enlarging with age, reflexed and often strongly uncinate at apex. Petals cordate, with long central oil duct, largest petal (1.5–)2.14–2.53(–3) mm long. Stamens 5; longest filament (1.5–)2.1–2.6(–3.5) mm long. Fruiting pedicels (1–)1.3–1.98(–3.5) mm long. Fruits, (3–)5–7(–12) per umbellule, linear-oblong and slightly narrowed towards base, (0.7–)1.07–1.26(–1.69) × (0.13–)0.15– 0.178(–0.24) cm long; each mericarp has 5 primary ribs and four secondary ribs alternating with the primary ribs, dorsal primary ribs prominently hyaline longitudinal wing-like stria; wing-like striae sometimes scabrid. Stylopodium minute up to 0.05 cm long. Styles divergent, (0.23–)0.3–0.38(–0.5) cm, uninerved on outer side. Flowering May–June; fruiting June–July.
Additional specimen seen (paratype):— TURKEY. C 9 Van: Çatak, around of Dalbastı village, clearings of oak woodland, 1450 m, 25 June 2012, B. Bani 6868 ( GAZI!).
Etymology:—We dedicate this new subspecies to Nezaket Adıgüzel as thanksgiving for her contributions to the Turkish flora.
Distribution:— Grammosciadium macrodon subsp. nezaketae is confined in southeast corner of Turkey between 1321 and 2300 m above sea level ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ). It mainly prefers clearings of oak forests and alpine steppe as habitats.
Morphometric analysis:—Results of Principal Component Analysis which was performed for G. macrodon subsp. macrodon, subsp. nezaketae and G. cornutum are given in Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 . According to the results of the PCA analysis, the first two components account for a total of 51.98 % of the variance. Accordingly, each taxon is clearly separated from others ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 ). Grammosciadium macrodon subsp. macrodon is characterized by longest petals, longest pedicels of basal leaves, longest bract primary segments, and thinnest fruits and separating it along component 1 from subsp. nezaketae . The accessions of subsp. nezaketae are clearly distinguished by longest sepals and widest fruits ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 ). The first principal component is strongly correlated with five of the original variables. The most distinctive variables with the highest eigenvalues are PeL, BLPdL and BrPrSeL (positively correlated characters), SeL and FrWi (negatively correlated characters) ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 ). The morpho-anatomical investigations and the PCA clearly show that the populations attributed to the new subspecies have their own distinctive features (such as qualitative fruit characteristics and also some of the size depended leaf, bract, sepal, petal, and fruit traits).
Taxonomic relationships:—With the original publication of Grammosciadium macrodon it was recognised that the species has fruits and sepals which are longer than those from other members of the genus Grammosciadium ( Boissier 1844) . Moreover, Koso-Poliansky (1915) indicated the importance of anatomical characters (position and size of vascular bundles in mericarps) to be diagnostic for G. macrodon . This species has long and nearly confluent five vascular bundles in each mericarp below primary ribs and one small oil duct between the vascular bundles, and another secretory channel in midway along their dorsal surface. Later, another taxon ( G. macrodon var. cornutum ) with longer and recurved sepals has been published ( Nábělek 1923). Townsend (1966) raised this taxon up to species rank as G. cornutum and he reported that G. cornutum has nine vascular bundles in each mericarp. Five vascular bundles are located in primary ribs, while the remaining four in valleculae. A small oil duct is positioned above the bundles in primary ribs and below those in the valleculae. According to the Flora of Turkey, G. macrodon also has larger lower leaves than those of G. cornutum ( Hedge & Lamond 1972) . In addition, the most recent study of Ghazanfar & Edmonson (2013) indicated that G. cornutum differs from G. macrodon by its recurved and uncinate sepals (not straight). Thus according to the previous studies, size of lower leaves; shape, size, position and number of vascular bundles and oil duct in each mericarp were considered as the most important diagnostic characters between G. cornutum and G. macrodon ( Townsend 1966, Tamamschian & Vinogradova 1969a, b, 1970, Hedge & Lamond 1972, Tamamschian 1987, Vinogradova 1995, Ghazanfar & Edmonson 2013). When considering G. macrodon subsp. nezaketae , this taxon has an intermediate position between G. macrodon and G. cornutum for its longer and recurved sepals, and also for the number of vascular bundles and position of oil ducts in each mericarp ( Figs. 2 View FIGURE 2 , 3 View FIGURE 3 ). The schematic cross section fruits of G. macrodon and G. cornutum have been given in previous papers (Towsend 1966, Tamamschian & Vinogradova 1969a, Vinogradova 1995). Grammosciadium macrodon is distributed in mountainous system, extending from eastern slopes of bifurcation area of Anatolian diagonal through eastern Taurus range to N. Iraq. Grammosciadium cornutum occurs in Van, Hakkari and Şırnak provinces and also in mountainous area of North Iraq, near to the Turkish border ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ). If the entire distribution area of G. macrodon is taken into account, significant geographical and ecological differences can be realised between western and eastern distributed populations. Thus morpho-anatomical and ecogeographical differences between the western and eastern populations are congruent. These results strongly encouraged us to recognise the eastern populations as a new subspecies.
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