Gonioctena (Sinomela) osawai Kimoto, 1996

Lee, Chi-Feng & Hsieh, Chia-Hung, 2022, Integrative taxonomy of the leaf-beetle genus Gonioctena Chevrolat, 1836 in Taiwan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae, Gonioctenini) reveals new synonymies and one new species, ZooKeys 1120, pp. 1-46 : 1

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:711E0A82-82AB-43B5-9CC4-89BD87955061
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/48474EC3-47BA-5A27-A614-B4252EC7244B
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Gonioctena (Sinomela) osawai Kimoto, 1996
status

Treatment

Figs 14G-I View Figure 14 , 20 View Figure 20 , 21 View Figure 21

Gonioctena (Sinomela) osawai Kimoto, 1996: 29 (Taiwan); Kimoto and Takizawa 1997: 370 (catalogue); Kippenberg 2010: 436 (catalogue); Yang et al. 2015: 55 (catalogue).

Type.

Holotype (sex undetermined, KMNH): "Nr Liukuei [p] (六龜) 溪南山 [h] (Chinanshan) / Kaohsiung Hs. Taiwan [p] / 20 I[h]V 19[p]91[h] / W. Chen leg (Osawa) [p, w] // PHOTO [p, r] // HOLOTYPE [p, r] // Gonioctena / Gonioctena osawai / Kimoto, n. sp [h] / Det. S. Kimoto, 19 [p, w] // 2001822IR02 [p, w] // KMNHIR200,093 [p, w]". This holotype was deposited originally at the Biohistory Research Hall, Takatsuki, Osaka ( Kimoto 1996). Now it is transferred to the KMNH .

Other material (n = 36).

Taiwan. Kaohsiung: 1♂ (TARI), Hsiaokuanshan (小關山), 15.V.2016, leg. B.-X. Guo ; Pingtung: 2♀ (TARI), Chichia (七佳), 27.VII.2018, leg. Y.-T. Chung ; 1♂, 1♀ (TARI), same but with “17.VII.2019”; 2♂, 2♀ (TARI), same locality, 18.VII.2019, leg. B.-X. Guo ; 1♀ (TARI), Lilungshan (里龍山), 4.VIII.2009, leg. J.-C. Chen ; 2♂ (TARI), same but with “15.VIII.2009”; 1♂ (TARI), same locality and date, le.g S.-F. Yu ; 2♂ (TARI), same but with "leg. M.-H. Tsou; 6♂, 2♀ (TARI), Laochichia (老七佳), 15.VII.2021, leg. Y.-T. Chung ; 5♂, 6♀ (TARI), same but with “30.VIII.2021”; 1♂ (TARI), Tahanshan (大漢山), 30.V.2012, leg. J.-C. Chen ; 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 4.VI.2016, leg. Y.-F. Hsu ; 1♂ (TARI), same locality, 14.IV.2020, leg. Y.-T. Chung ;

Redescription.

Length 5.6-6.7 mm, width 3.7-4.7 mm. Body color (Fig. 14G-I View Figure 14 ) yellowish brown; vertex with one small black spot near center; scutellum black; pronotum with one pair of black spots at sides; elytra with five pairs of black spots, arranged as follows: three pairs near sides, one pair on humeral calli, one pair at middle, the other at apical 1/4; two pairs near suture, one pair at basal 1/3, the other at apical 1/3. Meso- and metathoracic ventrites black. Antennae (Fig. 20A View Figure 20 ) with antennomere III and IV slender, V and VI slightly swollen, VII-X moderately swollen, XI elongate oval, length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.9, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 2.8: 1.9: 2.7: 2.2: 2.1: 1.8: 1.5: 1.6: 1.6: 1.4: 2.2. Pronotum 2.0-2.2 × wider than long, lateral margins widest at base, convergent anteriorly, anterior angles strongly produced. Anterior and lateral margins bordered, lateral margins barely visible in dorsal view. Trichobothria present on anterior and posterior angles. Disc covered with sparse fine punctures mixed with finer punctures; both sides covered with much larger, denser punctures. Scutellum distinctly wider than long, narrowed posteriorly. Elytra 1.2 × longer than wide; lateral margins slightly wider posteriorly, widest near middle, convergent posteriorly; humeral calli well developed; disc covered with regular coarse punctures arranged into single stria; interspaces covered with fine, sparse punctures. Hind wing well developed. Aedeagus (Fig. 20B, C View Figure 20 ) with apical margin widely rounded and medially notched, anterior angles acutely hooked, lateral margins slightly narrowed at basal 1/3; moderately curved in lateral view; endophallic sclerite short, apically bifurcate, right apical process twisted anteriorly and obliquely in dorsal view, recurved in lateral view; left apical process recurved and turned left. Gonocoxae (Fig. 20D View Figure 20 ) slender, apical margins apically narrowed, with dense long setae along outer and apical margins. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 20E View Figure 20 ) transverse, with dense long setae at apical areas. Spermatheca reduced.

Diagnosis.

Gonioctena (Sinomela) osawai is easily separated from the other consubgeneric species, G. (S.) nigroplagiata by the following combination of the characters: one pair of black spots on pronotum and five pairs of black spots on the elytra (Fig. 14G View Figure 14 ) (no black spots on the dorsum, or three or four pairs of black spots on the elytra in G. (S.) nigroplagiata (Fig. 17 View Figure 17 )); elongate antennomere V, more than 2.0 × longer than wide (Fig. 20A View Figure 20 ) (wide antennomere V, width subequal to length in G. (S.) nigroplagiata (Fig. 18A View Figure 18 )); bifurcate and asymmetric apices of endophallic sclerites (Fig. 20B View Figure 20 ) (narrowly rounded apex of endophallic sclerites in G. (S.) nigroplagiata (Fig. 18B View Figure 18 )); narrow gonocoxae covered with fewer setae (Fig. 20D View Figure 20 ) (wide gonocoxae covered with more setae n in G. (S.) nigroplagiata (Fig. 18D View Figure 18 )); slightly sclertozied ventrites VIII with dense setae only on apices (Fig. 20E View Figure 20 ) (membranous ventrite VII with dense setae along apical margin in G. (S.) nigroplagiata (Fig. 18E View Figure 18 )).

Host plants.

Cannabaceae : Celtis biondii Pamp. (Fig. 21A View Figure 21 ; present study).

Biology.

Gonioctena (Sinomela) osawai populations are presumed to be univoltine during summer and females are ovoviviparous. Sprouting season of the host plant is during summer. Adults (Fig. 21F View Figure 21 ) were found and brought into the laboratory on 15 July 2021. Females deposited larvae (Fig. 21B View Figure 21 ) the following day. The larval duration (Fig. 21B-D View Figure 21 ) was 12 days. Mature larvae (Fig. 21D View Figure 21 ) burrowed into the soil and built underground chambers for pupation. The duration of the pupal stage (Fig. 21E View Figure 21 ) was 13 days.