Glochidion anamiticum (Kuntze) Kuntze ex Merrill, Brittonia 2: 195. 1936

Yao, Gang, Song, Zhuqiu, Wu, Youheng, Thanh, Nguyen Thi Kim, Li, Yuling, Shi, Shi & Luo, Shixiao, 2018, Taxonomic studies of Glochidion (Phyllanthaceae) from the Indo-China Peninsula (II): The identities of G. anamiticum and G. annamense, PhytoKeys 114, pp. 1-9 : 1

Glochidion anamiticum (Kuntze) Kuntze ex Merrill, Brittonia 2: 195. 1936 Figures 1A, B, D , 2A, C, E, F

Basionym.

Diasperus anamiticus Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 601. 1891.

Type.

Vietnam. Annam, Turong, March 1875, O. Kuntze 3798 (lectotype designated by Merrill (1936: 195): NY-00263420, photo!; isolectotype: K-001081193, photo!).

Glochidion annamense Beille (1927, p. 627). Type: Vietnam. Annam, Lien-chien, 25 August 1923, E. Poilane 7838 (lectotype designated by Nguyen (2007): HM; isolectotypes: K-001081192, P-00379159, P-00379160, photos!). Remaining syntypes: Vietnam. Annam, Trai-ca, province, Phanrang, 9 March 1924, E. Poilane 10022 (P-00379161, photo!); Tourane, January 1837, C. Gaudichaud 161 (P-00379151, photo!); Nha-trang, M. Krempf 1567 (P-00379152, photo!); Dalat réserve du Calmy, 24 October 1920, F. Evrard 233 (P-00379150, photo!).

Shrubs, 1-3 m tall, monoecious; branchlets usually pubescent; leaf blade membranous, 6-8 × 2.5-3 cm, lanceolate, oblong to ovate, sometimes asymmetrical, base acute to round, apex acuminate, adaxially dark brown or blackish, pubescent on the median rib, abaxially light brown, pubescent; lateral veins 6-8 pairs, elevated abaxially; petiole ca. 2-3 mm long, pubescent; stipules triangular to narrowly triangular, 1-1.5 mm long. Male flowers: pedicels ca. 10 mm long, pubescent; sepals 6, oblong to ovate, hairy outside, glabrous inside; stamens 3, connate, surmounted by a conical prolongation. Female flowers: in axillary clusters, subsessile; sepals 6, ca. 1.2 mm long, ovate-triangular or narrowly triangular, hairy outside, glabrous inside; ovary depressed globose, 3 (rarely 4)-locular, pubescent; style cylindrical column, long exceeding the sepals, 2-3 mm long, hairy in the lower quarter, glabrous in the upper part, 3 (rarely 4)-lobed at the top. Capsule depressed globose, 6 (rarely 8)-grooved, 7-9 mm in diameter, ca. 5 mm high, very briefly hairy; persistent style a long cylindrical column up 3-4 mm long; fruit pedicels stout, 3-4 mm long, pubescent.

Distribution and habitat.

Glochidion anamiticum is endemic to Vietnam, mostly from Da Nang to Ninh Thuan ( Nguyen 2007).

Notes.

In the monograph Revisio Generum Plantarum, Kuntze (1891) transferred hundreds of Glochidion and Phyllanthus species into the genus Diasperus L. ex Kuntze and he also described many new species, including Diasperus anamiticus Kuntze which was based on one of Kuntze’s collections (O. Kuntze 3798) from Vietnam. At the same time, however, a specific name ( Glochidion anamiticum ), under the generic name Glochidion , was also suggested for D. anamiticus , but it was listed as a synonym of the new species. According to Art. 34.1 of the ICN ( McNeill et al. 2012), the name G. anamiticum Kuntze is invalid because it was not accepted by the author and just cited as a synonym of Diasperus anamiticus . On the other hand, many of the new species described by Kuntze (1891) were overlooked for a long time, until they were re-evaluated by Merrill (1936) and then the species Glochidion anamiticum was accepted formally as a member of Glochidion for the first time. So, the author’s attribution of the species should be Glochidion anamiticum (Kuntze) Kuntze ex Merrill.

In his commentary on Loureiro’s (1790) new species described from southern Vietnam, Merrill (1935) transferred the species Nymphanthus pilosus Lour. into Glochidion and reduced Glochidion annamense to a synonym of his new combination Glochidion pilosum (Lour.) Merr., although the type of G. pilosum was not examined in his study. Merrill’s (1935) taxonomic treatment of Glochidion annamense was followed by Ho (2003) in An Illustrated Flora of Vietnam. However, as noted by Loureiro (1790) in the protologue of Nymphanthus pilosus , the species was characterised by pinnate leaves and bacciformis fruits, which are much different from those of the genus Glochidion (characterised by alternate and distichous leaves, fruits capsule), but consistent with those of Emblica Gaertn. or Phyllanthus sect. Emblica , thus the species also had been transferred into these two genera and named as Emblica pilosa (Lour.) Spreng. or Phyllanthus pilosus (Lour.) Müll. Arg., respectively. In the following year, however, Merrill (1936) treated the name Glochidion annamense as a synonym of G. anamiticum , based on the study of type specimens, but the name G. pilosum was not considered.

Morphological comparisons between Glochidion anamiticum and G. eriocarpum can be seen in Table 1 and Figures 1 , 2 . The most noticeable traits of G. anamiticum are its long style (up to 3 mm long) in the female flowers and long persistent style (up to 4 mm long) in the fruits.

Additional specimens examined.

Glochidion anamiticum : VIETNAM. Detailed locality unknown, 7 April 1978, Nhan 294 (HN); Annam, Hué, Flower pale yellow; Near river, 11 March 1927, R.W. Squires 178 (P-00379167); Arbre Broyé (Tuyen Duc), altitude 1500 m, 29 March 1953, M. Schmid s.n. (P-00509785); Dalat, ravin au S. du Langbian Palace, 17 May 1924, F. Evrard 910 (P-00379154); Dalat, lac des Soupirs, altitude 1500 m, 12 January 1964, M. Schmid s.n. (P-00509783); Dalat, ravin derrière la gendarmerie, 2 October 1924, F. Evrard 1293 (P-00379155); Dalat, ravin au Sud du Langbian Palace, 14 November 1924, F. Evrard 1788 (P-00379156); Région de Dalat, September 1952, M. Schmid 1288 (P-00509784); Cochinchine, prov. de Bienhoa, 11 October 1931, E. Poilane 19574 (P-00379164); Env. de Huê, prov. Thua Thiên-Huê, 23 December 1943, J.E. Vidal 917a (P-00476551). Hue, Bach Ma National Park, 3 August 2018, Y.H. Wu 17126 (IBSC). Glochidion eriocarpum : CHINA. Guangdong Province, Jiangmen, 21 October 2013, L.X. Zhou 11542 (KUN); Guangdong Province, Yangchun, Ehuangzhang Nature Reserve, 14 November 2008, G. Yao 018 (IBSC); Guangdong Province, Zhaoqing, Dinghushan Nature Reserve, 17 December 2008, G. Yao 058 (IBSC); Guangxi Province, Rongshui, 24 October 2008, G. Yao 08-008 (IBSC); Hainan Province, Xinglong, 6 March 2009, G. Yao 101 (IBSC); Hongkong, J.G. Champion 470 (K); Yunan Province, Puer, 1 April 2003, Y. Chen s.n. (KUN); Yunan Province, Xishuangbanna, 29 July 1977, G.D. Tao 15679 (KUN); VIETNAM. Annam, Environs du poste forestier de Bang Trê Lat sur sông Con, prov. de Vinh, 24 July 1929, E. Poilane 16419 (P-00379163); Hanh Hoa Province, Thach Thanh District, Cuc Phuong NP, Thanh Yenh Commune, Sanh Village, altitude 150 m, 27 February 2001, N.M. Cuong 1320 (P-00520940); Tonkin, Binh Lei, 43 km à l’ouest de Chapa, altitude 1000-1200 m, 12 August 1926, E. Poilane 12899 (P-00379162); Tonkin, Taai Wong Mo Shan and vicinity, Ton fa market, Ha-coi, September 1939, W.T. Tsang 29570 (P-00379168).

Figures

Figure 1. Type (A-C) and field images (D-E) of Glochidion species. A Lectotype of G. anamiticum (Kuntze) Kuntze ex Merrill (O. Kuntze 3798, NY- 00263420) B Syntype of G. annamense Beille (M. Krempf 1567, P- 00379152) C Type of G. eriocarpum Champ. ex Benth. (J. G. Champion 470, K- 001081087) D G. anamiticum; E, G. eriocarpum.

Figure 2. Morphological comparisons between Glochidion anamiticum (Kuntze) Kuntze ex Merrill (A, C, E, F) and G. eriocarpum Champ. ex Benth. (B, D, G). A-D Female flower D-G Fruit. The female flowers and persistent styles in the fruits are shown by the solid arrowhead and hollow arrowhead, respectively.