Geranium sect. Trilopha

Keshavarzi, Maryam & Esfandani-Bozchaloyi, Somayeh, 2018, Macro- and micro-morphological study of fruits and seeds in the genus Geranium (Geraniaceae), Phytotaxa 371 (3), pp. 185-204 : 199

Geranium sect. Trilopha

Two features are present in all species of the section and give strong support to this group: a) pollen with Erodium-type exine ornamentation, and b) fruit with twisted rostrum ( Aedo et al. 2016). Our findings are in concordant with these. Mericarps of G. biuncinatum have toothed wings continuing in a pair of recurved horns which is a typical feature in the genus. Whereas mericarps of G. trilophum have two longitudinal toothed wings bent dorsally to form a trough-like structure with an evident ridge in the middle, protruding from the trough-like structure ( Fig. 9, U 1–U 2). The main difference between G. trilophum and G. biuncinatum is the presence of horns on mericarps of the latter ( Fig. 5, B 1–B 2). Sepals continued the growth and cover the mericarp in the latter. Our observations are in agreement with Aedo et al. (2016). Geranium mascatense is recognized by its distinctive mericarps with strongly prominent ribs and deep furrows ( Fig. 7, J 1–J 2).