Galeodes hakkariensis, Erdek, 2021

Erdek, Melek, 2021, A new species of the solifuge genus Galeodes Olivier, 1791 from southeastern Turkey (Solifugae, Galeodidae), Zootaxa 4991 (1), pp. 116-130 : 118-130

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4991.1.5
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CA5B8BF5-3D1F-4624-9629-329AB182D294
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5092053
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/025B87A1-FFD4-D55E-0FB7-F9EDFA5CA774
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Galeodes hakkariensis
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Galeodes hakkariensis sp. n.

( Figs. 1–9 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 , Table 1 View TABLE 1 )

Type material. Holotype ♂ ( HAKZM /Solfg-Gale: 02-08); Turkey, Hakkari Prov., Boybeyi Village, Dikilitaş Hamlet , N 37°47’06.24”, E 44°04’48.73”, 1812 m, 17.07.2020, leg. M. Erdek. GoogleMaps Paratypes: 1♂, 1♀, 1 juvenile ( HAKZM / Slfg-Gale : 02-09); with same data of holotype, leg. R. Dalmaz GoogleMaps . 1♂, 1♀ ( HAKZM / Solfg-Gale: 02- 10); Turkey, Hakkari Prov., Ortaç Village , N 37°40’51.22”, E 44°02’46.35”, 1946 m, 17.07.2020, leg. M. Çember. GoogleMaps 1♀ ( HAKZM / Solfg-Gale: 02-11); Turkey, Hakkari Prov., Berçelan Plateau Road , in front of the small rocky mountain, N 37°39’32.10”, E 43°45’44.70”, 2204 m, pitfall trap, 19.06.2020 – 16.09.2020, leg. S. Özdinç & M. Erdek. GoogleMaps 1♂ ( HAKZM / Slfg-Gale: 02-12); Turkey, Hakkari Prov., gateway between Gürkaynak and Tatlı villages, N 37°40’54.70”, E 44°02’36.10”, 1919 m, 09.06.2020, leg. M. C. Yılmaz. GoogleMaps 1♂ ( AZMM /Sol-2021: 01); Turkey, Hak- kari Prov., gateway between Gürkaynak and Tatlı villages, N 37°40’54.70”, E 44°02’36.10”, 1919 m, 09.06.2020, leg. M. C. Yılmaz. GoogleMaps 1♂ ( HAKZM / Slfg-Gale: 02-13); Turkey, Hakkari Prov., Demirtaş Village, Yağmurlu Hamlet , N 37°43’58.14”, E 43°44’35.22”, 2229 m, 29.06.2019, leg. M. C. Yılmaz. GoogleMaps 1♂ ( HAKZM / Solfg-Gale: 02-14); Turkey, Hakkari Prov., Berçelan Plateau Road , 9 km S of downtown Hakkari, N 37°36’39.90”, E 43°44’39.80”, 2299 m, 30.07.2019, leg. C.Yılmaz. GoogleMaps 1♂ ( AZMM /Sol-2021: 02); Turkey, Hakkari Prov., Berçelan Plateau Road , 9 km S of downtown Hakkari, N 37°36’39.90”, E 43°44’39.80”, 2299 m, 30.07.2019, leg. C.Yılmaz. GoogleMaps

Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the name of Hakkari Province in Turkey, where the type materials were collected.

Diagnosis. Galeodes hakkariensis sp. n. differs from other species of Galeodes by coloration, the absence of opisthosomal ctenidia, tarsal and metatarsal setal arrangements on the legs II–IV ( Figs. 6 View FIGURE 6 , 8 View FIGURE 8 ), the type and number of stridulatory setae on the prolateral surface in both sexes ( Figs. 3d View FIGURE 3 , 4e View FIGURE 4 , 6d View FIGURE 6 , 9c–d View FIGURE 9 ); the number and shape of flagellar complex spiniform setae ( Figs. 3e–f View FIGURE 3 , 4c View FIGURE 4 , 8c–d View FIGURE 8 ), and the spiniform mucron organ on the chelicera of the only males ( Figs. 3d View FIGURE 3 , 4a View FIGURE 4 , 8a–b View FIGURE 8 ).

Distribution. Various villages situated along the Zap river basin, Hakkari Province, Turkey ( Fig. 1a View FIGURE 1 ).

Description.

Male (holotype). Coloration ( Figs. 2–3 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 , 5–6 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 ). Propeltidium and chelicerae blackish dark brown ( Figs. 2a, e View FIGURE 2 ; 3a–b View FIGURE 3 ), chelicerae with two dorsal, one lateral and one ventrolateral black pigmentation stripes ( Figs. 3a, c View FIGURE 3 ). The anterior edge of propeltidium coalescing postero-dorsal of each chelicera with significant small, white spots ( Figs. 4a–b View FIGURE 4 ). Propeltidium and chelicerae cover with thin, yellow setae, the propeltidial setae are substantially falciform ( Fig. 3b View FIGURE 3 ). Ocular tubercle black ( Figs. 3a–b View FIGURE 3 ). The cheliceral fingers rusty yellow, and the teeth of each cheliceral fingers reddish brown. The prolateral surface of cheliceral fingers covered with pale reddish brown filiform and plumose setae. Flagellum pale light brown ( Figs. 3c–d View FIGURE 3 ). Flagellar complex spiniform setae reddish brown on the tips and edges, and pale yellowish brown on the medial surface ( Fig. 3f View FIGURE 3 ). Stridulatory plate pale yellow and stridulatory setal area pale light brown ( Fig. 3d View FIGURE 3 ). Pedipalp tarsus dark yellowish brown, metatarsus, tibia, femur brownish with dark brown pigmentation ( Figs. 5a–f View FIGURE 5 ). Legs pale yellow, and brownish on tibial and femoral parts ( Figs. 6a–f View FIGURE 6 ). Opisthosoma dark brown dorsally with blackish medial stripe, on each segment with black cordate surface medially, and two white, small and ovate surfaces posteriorly ( Fig. 5h View FIGURE 5 ). Opisthosomal pleurites and dorsolateral tergites pale brownish yellow; opisthosomal sternites dark yellowish brown. The entire surface of opisthosoma covered with numerous thin, pale light yellow setae. Malleoli pale light yellow ( Fig. 5g View FIGURE 5 ).

Propeltidium ( Figs. 2a, c View FIGURE 2 ; 3a–b View FIGURE 3 ). There are seven setae on the both sides behind the ocular tubercle. Propeltidium covered with dense short and sparse long falciform setae.

Chelicerae ( Figs. 3a–f View FIGURE 3 , 4a, c–e View FIGURE 4 ). Dentition. Fixed finger with one distal tooth ( FD) , one subdistal tooth (FSD), one medial tooth (FM), two submedial teeth ( FSM), one proximal tooth ( FP) , one retrofondal apical tooth (RFA), one retrofondal medial tooth (RFM), one retrofondal proximal tooth (RFP), one retrofondal subproximal tooth (RFSP), one profondal medial tooth (PFM), one profondal proximal tooth (PFP), one profondal subproximal tooth (PFSP). The teeth on fixed finger reducing in size and cheliceral fingertip indenting next to the distal tooth. Cheliceral dentition on fixed finger forms a crest. One subterminal spiniform mucron organ on the distal-prolateral surface of the fixed finger ( Figs. 3d View FIGURE 3 , 4a View FIGURE 4 , 9a–b View FIGURE 9 ). Movable finger with one medial tooth ( MM) , three submedial teeth (MSM), one proximal tooth (MP). The submedial tooth located distally on the movable finger is larger than the other two, which are of the similar size. Flagellum ( Figs. 3a, c–e View FIGURE 3 , 4 a, d View FIGURE 4 ). The galeodid type knife-shaped flagellum with peduncle (2.69 mm) and asymmetrical scapus (4.68 mm). Inner surface of scapus is covered with spicules. The tip of flagellum tapered distally and blunt-ended. Flagellum is surrounded by setae depressed inward at their distal end ( Figs. 4a View FIGURE 4 ). The junction of collar and proximal side of peduncle narrow and peduncle expands distally. The flagellum with 4 flagellar complex spiniform seta ( FCS) and 1 flagellar complex plumose seta (FCP) ventroproximally ( Figs. 3f View FIGURE 3 , 4c View FIGURE 4 ). FCS are blunt terminated distally. FCP with smooth surface on proximal (0.82 mm) and ramified as plumose (1.23 mm) through the distal. Stridulatory apparatus. Stridulatory plate has cordate shape and smooth surface with inconspicuous short ridges. Prolateral surface with 32 araneoides - type stridulatory setae ( Fig. 3d View FIGURE 3 ). There are nine proventral subdistal setae ( PVSD) as setal comb and two PVSD also located on posterodorsally of these nine PVSD.

Opisthosoma ( Figs. 2a, c, e View FIGURE 2 , 5g –h View FIGURE 5 ). Opisthosomal sternites without ctenidia. Opistosomal tergites and sternites covered with numerous, short, and thin filiform and bifurcated setae. There are long and thin filiform setae on the dark blackish medial stripe of opisthosomal pleural membrane. Genital sternite with 2 parts and elliptic depression posteromedially. Spiracles covered with short comb-like structures.

Pedipalps ( Figs. 5a–f View FIGURE 5 ). Tarsus particularly swollen distally, obovate and movable. Metatarsus ventrally with seven proventral and seven retrovental spiniform setae, in seven pairs of conical spiniform setae of different lengths and numerous clubbed basiconic setae with large sockets along the line between these setae ( Fig. 5f View FIGURE 5 ). The distal pair of these setae are longer than the others. The setal arrangement from distal to proximal on tibia with seven prolateral, two proventral and seven retrovental spiniform setae, in 2.2.2.2.2.3.3 setal pattern and each three setae on the proximal two rows are shorter than the other tibial setae. Femur with 19 spiniform setae in different length distally and five of them are longer than the others.

Legs ( Figs. 6a–f View FIGURE 6 ). The first leg with two short tarsal claws, without spiniform setae. The tarsi of the 2 nd and 3 rd legs with two tarsomeres. The setal arrangements from distal to proximal of tarsi of the 2 nd and 3 rd legs with three proventral and four retroventral spiniform setae, in 2/2.2.1pattern. Metatarsi of the 2 nd and 3 rd leg with five prolateral, two proventral and two retrovental spiniform setae, in 3.2.1.1.1 setal pattern. Setal arrangements of tibia of the 2 nd and 3 rd legs with three spiniform setae; two proventral and one retroventral, and proventral are longer than the retroventral setae. The tibia of the 2 nd leg has four pairs of long and thin setae posterior of three spiniform setae. The 4 th leg tarsus, from distal to proximal with three tarsomeres, and four proventral and four retrovental spiniform setae, in 0/2/2.2.2 setal pattern, and metatarsus of the 4 th leg with three proventral and two retrovental spiniform setae, in 2.2.1 setal pattern. The tibia of the 4th leg with four proventral and two retrovental spiniform setae, in 2.2.1.1 setal pattern. The proventral surface of tarsus of 4 th leg with spindle-shaped bacilli. The claws of 2–4 legs are setose.

Some morphological details of males (flagellum, flagellar complex spiniform setae, flagellar complex plumose setae, subterminal spiniform mucron organ, basiconic sensilla with large socket on pedipalp, spindle-shaped tarsal bacilli on the tarsus and setose tarsal claws of 4th leg, stridulatory setae on prolateral surface of chelicerae) pointed out on a paratype male in Figs. 9–10 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 .

Female (Paratype) ( Figs. 7–8 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 ). General coloration similar to male but paler.Anterior edge of propeltidium evidently with yellowish white intersegmental membrane visible ( Figs. 7a–b View FIGURE 7 ). Propeltidial surface covered with falciform thin setae. Cheliceral dentition ( Figs. 3b View FIGURE 3 , 7c–d View FIGURE 7 ) and setal arrangements on tarsi and metatarsi of pedipalp ( Figs. 7a–f View FIGURE 7 ) and legs ( Figs. 8g –i View FIGURE 8 ) similar to holotype male. However, unlike the male cheliceral dentition, the female’s dentition is not merged in a crest. Metatarsus of pedipalp without club-shaped basiconic sensilla. Pedipalpal tibia with eight pairs of long setae. Tarsus of fourth leg without ventral spindle-shaped bacilli, with long dense filiform setae. Opisthosomal sternites sclerotized, darkened medially, and without ctenidia. Genital sternite is less distinct from other opisthosomal sternites and obcordate depression mid-posteriorly ( Fig. 7e View FIGURE 7 ).

Variation. The setal arrangements of tarsi and metatarsi of legs II–IV in some male and female paratypes were examined for variation. Some variations were found in the right and left legs of male and female paratypes examined. Metatarsus of the right leg II in a male paratype with 3.1.1.1.1 setal pattern, the metatarsus of the left leg II in another male paratype with 2.2.1.1.1 setal pattern and metatarsus of the right leg III in a female paratype with 2.2.1.1.1 setal pattern, though the described setal pattern different (3.2.1.1.1). Tarsus of right leg II in a female paratype with 2.2.1/2 setal pattern, though the described setal pattern different (2.2.2/2).

Ecology. Hakkari province is situated in Eastern Turkey and has borders with Iran and Iraq. It is inserted into the Iran-Turan phytogeographic region and Zagros field in Saharo-Arabian subregion. The specimens were found in eastern part of alpine zone in the high parts of the mountains (up to 2299 m). All specimens were collected from humid clay foothills near stream created by melting snow waters. The habitat vegetation in plateau-like type locality is dominated by low herbaceous plants and grasses ( Figs. 1b–c View FIGURE 1 ). Astragalus sp. , Eryngium sp. and some different shrubs are also present in the locality. Adults most likely occur in early June to late July.