Ficus complicata Kunth (1817: 48)

Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso, Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Romaniuc-Neto, Sergio & Mansano, Vidal De Freitas, 2021, Typification of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae): F. aurea and F. pertusa complexes, Phytotaxa 514 (2), pp. 149-157 : 150

Ficus complicata Kunth (1817: 48)

≡ Urostigma complicatum (Kunth) Liebmann (1851: 325)

Lectotype (first step, designated by Berg & DeWolf 1975; second step, designated here):— MEXICO. Guerreiro, near Huasintla and Puente de Ixtla , s.d., A.Humboldt & A.Bonpland s.n. (or 3975) (lectotype: P00669790 !; isolectotypes: B100375311 !, P00129783 !).

Nomenclatural notes:— In the protologue is not stated the collector (name and number) and the herbarium where the type of Ficus complicata was deposited, it only reports that the species occurs in Mexico near Huasintla and Puenta de Ixtla, 3000 feet. Berg & DeWolf (1975) are the first to propose the collection Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (P) as a lectotype. However, there are two duplicates in this herbarium (P00129783 e P00669790) without a label indicating that one is part of the other, therefore they are duplicates and it will be necessary to choose the actual lectotype ( Turland et al. 2018, Art. 8.3). Berg & Villavicencio (2004), Ibarra-Manríquez et al. (2012) and Pelissari et al. (2019) cite the Paris collection as a holotype without reference to a herbarium number. Carvajal (2012) was the first to consider the specimen P00669790 as the holotype; this could be considered a lectotypification but occurred after 2001 without required statement “designated here” or a similar phrase (see Turland et al. 2018, Art. 7.11). Based on this, we designate here the specimen P00669790 as a lectotype because this specimen is the most complete one and contains branches with syconia, leaves and stipules. The P00669790 collection does not have the exact location, Puente de Ixtla, but has “ Ficus complicata , from Equatorial America, Herbarium Humboldt & Bonpland” as annotations, demonstrating that it is an original material.

Taxonomical note:— Ficus complicata was synonymized by Carvajal (2012) as F. padifolia Kunth (1817: 47) , and by Berg (2007), Ibarra-Manríquez et al. (2012) and Pelissari et al. (2019) as F. pertusa .