Erythrospiza phaenicoptera Bonaparte & Schlegel

Mlíkovský, Jiří & Frahnert, Sylke, 2011, Type specimens and type localities of birds collected during the Hemprich and Ehrenberg expedition to Lebanon in 1824, Zootaxa 2990, pp. 1-29 : 18

Erythrospiza phaenicoptera Bonaparte & Schlegel

Fringilla rhodoptera Lichtenstein, 1825 [Unpublished manuscript name.]

Erythrospiza phoenicoptera Bonaparte, 1838: 34 [Nomen nudum; based on a reference to “ Linaria phoenicoptera Gould, Proceed. ”, i.e. probably to Gould (1838), where Gould described this species under the name Fringilla sanguinea (cf. Bonaparte & Schlegel 1850: 27, Bonaparte 1850: 535, Sharpe 1888: 280). Gould did not use the name Linaria phoenicoptera in this paper or elsewhere. Bonaparte’s indication is thus invalid.]

Erythrospiza phaenicoptera [sic] Bonaparte & Schlegel, 1850: 27.

Carpodacus rhodopterus Lichtenstein, 1854: 48 [Nomen nudum; no description or indication.]

Now. Rhodopechys sanguineus ( Gould, 1838) . See Hartert (1903: 90).

Type series. Bonaparte and Schlegel (1850: 27) included in this species specimens listed by “ Ch. Bonap. List, p. 34” [= Bonaparte 1838: 34 sub Erythrospiza phoenicoptera ], “ Fringilla sanguinea, Gould, Proceed., 1837 , p. 127” [= Gould 1838: 127], and “ Fringilla rhodoptera, Licht. Mus. Berolin.” [= specimens labeled as such in the ZMB]. Bonaparte (1838) referred to Gould’s F. sanguinea and Lichtenstein’s F. rhodoptera . Lichtenstein (1825, Nr. 393–400; not Nr. 393–405 as listed by Stresemann 1962: 386) applied the latter name to seven males and a female supplied by Hemprich and Ehrenberg from “Mont Liban ” [= Jabal Lubnān, Lebanon], which were deposited in MNHN, RMNH and ZMB ( Bonaparte & Schlegel 1850: 28). The ZMB retained four specimens (Inventory Catalogue of the ZMB; Lichtenstein 1854: 48 sub Carpodacus rhodopterus ), of which one survived. The syntypes once deposited in MNHN and RMNH were not found (E. Pasquet in litt., 2007, and H. van Grouw in litt., 2008). The syntypes of E. phaenicoptera mentioned by Gould (1838) include the holotype of Fringilla sanguinea Gould, 1838 ) from Turkey, which is deposited in BMNH (see below).

Syntype. ZMB 6665, skin, 3, collected in “ VI–VII. 1824 ” at “Giss, Hanim // Libanon ” (label) [= Jabal Lubnān, Lebanon].

Syntype (lost): ZMB 6666, 3, collected at “Giss, Hanim” ( Lichtenstein 1825) [= Jabal Lubnān, Lebanon].

Syntype (lost): ZMB 6667, 3, collected at “Giss, Hanim” ( Lichtenstein 1825) [= Jabal Lubnān, Lebanon].

Syntype (lost): ZMB 6668, Ƥ, collected at Giss, Hanim” ( Lichtenstein 1825) [= Jabal Lubnān, Lebanon].

Syntype. BMNH 1855.12.19.10, ad. 3, collected by Abbott in the 1830s at “Erzeroum in Persia ” ( Gould 1838: 126) [= Erzerum, Turkey; 39.91°N, 41.28°W]. This specimen is also the holotype of Fringilla [= Rhodopechys ] sanguinea Gould, 1838 ( Sharpe 1888: 281, Warren & Harrison 1971: 489).

Type locality. The original type locality consisted of “mont Liban ” and “montagnes près d’Erzéroum” ( Bonaparte & Schlegel 1850: 28). The first part is Jabal Lubnān, Lebanon, where Hemprich and Ehrenberg collected in an area between Beirut, Baalbek and Tripoli. Lichtenstein (1825) said that all specimens were collected at “Giss, Hanim” [= Jisr and Hanne, Lebanon]. Considering that Rhodopechys sanguinea is a mountain bird in Lebanon ( Benson 1970), these birds probably originated from Jabal Lubnān. The second part of the type locality equals the type locality of Fringilla sanguinea Gould. Gould (1838) clearly said that the bird was collected at “Erzeroum in Persia ” (p. 126) or “Erzeroum” (p. 127), which was accepted by most subsequent authors, who usually spelled the name as “Erzurum” (e.g. Hartert 1903: 90, Stepanân 1959: 78–79, Vaurie 1959b: 626, Howell et al. 1968: 263). However, Sharpe (1888: 281) gave “Trebizond” and Warren and Harrison (1971: 489) listed “Trebizond, Erzeroum, Persia ” as the type locality of F. sanguinea , respectively. Trabzon [41.00°N, 39.73°E] and Erzurum [39.91°N, 41.28°E] are capitols of two different modern-day provinces of Turkey, about 175 km in straight-line distance from each other. Keith Edward Abbott (†1873), the collector of Gould’s specimens of F. sanguinea , resided at first in Trabzon and then in Erzurum (see e.g. Abbott 1835, 1837, 1842). His collection of birds from Trabzon contained no Fringilla -like birds ( Gould 1835), while the holotype of Fringilla sanguinea was part of a small collection later obtained at Erzurum ( Gould 1838). Hence, the type locality of Fringilla sanguinea Gould is Erzurum, Turkey. The type locality of Fringilla phaenicoptera is thus Jabal Lubnān, Lebanon, and Erzurum, Turkey.