Entomobrya juneae, Santos & Santos-Costa & Siqueira & Godeiro & Bellini, 2020

Santos, Nathália Michelly Da Cunha, Santos-Costa, Renata Clicia Dos, Siqueira, Orquianne Judy Rafael, Godeiro, Nerivânia Nunes & Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante, 2020, Two new species of Entomobrya Rondani (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from northeastern Brazil and comments on the genus, Zootaxa 4731 (1), pp. 43-62 : 45-52

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4731.1.3
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:17BC9241-EDD2-476D-AE5E-1C18E8C50EF7
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E6DE411D-E034-4FEE-9CC8-2A63C59C9F51
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:E6DE411D-E034-4FEE-9CC8-2A63C59C9F51
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Entomobrya juneae
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Entomobrya juneae sp. nov. Santos, Santos-Costa & Bellini

Figs 1 – 24 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURES 2–6 View FIGURES 7–10 View FIGURES 11–14 View FIGURES 15–17 View FIGURES 18–24 , Table 1 View TABLE 1

Type material. Holotype female in slide ( CC /UFRN): Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte State, Extremoz municipality, Área de Proteção Ambiental de Genipabu ( APA) (05º41’56.89”S; 35º12’27.17”W), 21.viii.2012, M. J. C. Meira coll. GoogleMaps Paratypes in slides ( CC /UFRN): 8 females and 11 males, same data as holotype GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis. Trunk colour pattern with pigmented lateral edges on Th. II – Abd. IV, central Abd. II, posterior Abd. III–IV, Abd. V almost entirely pigmented; antennae shorter or as long as the trunk ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ). Dorsal chaetotaxy of head with M1, M3, S0–1 mac ( Fig. 6 View FIGURES 2–6 ). Prelabral chaetae smooth ( Fig. 7 View FIGURES 7–10 ). Labial chaetae M, L1–2 ciliate, others smooth, R absent ( Fig. 9 View FIGURES 7–10 ). Th. II with 2 main m mac (m1 and m4), m5 and p5 absent ( Fig. 11 View FIGURES 11–14 ). Abd. I with 5 – 8, Abd. II with 5 and Abd. III with 1–2 central mac respectively, Abd IV with 7 – 9 central and 11–13 lateral mac ( Figs 13 – 16 View FIGURES 11–14 View FIGURES 15–17 ). Unguiculi slightly truncated with smooth edges ( Fig. 18 View FIGURES 18–24 ). Trochanteral organ with about 25 smooth spine-like chaetae ( Fig. 19 View FIGURES 18–24 ). Ventral tube anteriorly with 2+2 distal mac ( Fig. 20 View FIGURES 18–24 ). Mucro distal tooth reduced when compared to proximal one; mucronal spine reaching the apex of proximal tooth ( Fig. 24 View FIGURES 18–24 ).

Description. Habitus typical of Entomobrya ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ), average body length (head + trunk) 1.3 mm, holotype length 1.63 mm. Specimens fixed in ethanol with yellowish to pink background with dark blue pigment on distal Ant. I–II, Ant. III–IV (or all antennae pigmented), lateral edges of Th. II – Abd. IV, central Abd. II, posterior Abd. III–IV, Abd. V almost entirely pigmented; legs and manubrium weakly pigmented; eyes black ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ).

Head ( Figs 2 – 10 View FIGURES 2–6 View FIGURES 7–10 ). Antennae as long as trunk or smaller, ratio antennae: body of holotype 1:2.11; ratio antennal segments of holotype Ant. I: II: III: IV equal 1:2:2.1:2.75. Ant. IV lacking subdivisions or clear annulations, with a simple and apically rounded apical bulb ( Fig. 2 View FIGURES 2–6 ), rarely apically constricted ( Fig. 3 View FIGURES 2–6 ), with ciliate chaetae and smooth sens of different sizes (partially represented in Figs 2–3 View FIGURES 2–6 ) plus a dorsal modified short sens; ventrally with a subapical modified large sens ( Fig. 2 View FIGURES 2–6 ). Ant. III sense organ typical with 2 sensory rods and 3 small guard sensilla ( Fig. 4 View FIGURES 2–6 ). Eyes 8+8, largest lenses ‘A’ to ‘F’, smallest ‘G’ and ‘H’, with 3 interocular mes (p, s and t) ( Figs 5–6 View FIGURES 2–6 ). Head dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 6 View FIGURES 2–6 , with antennal (An) series with 4 (An1a–3); anterior (A) series with 4 (A0, A2–3 and A5); medial (M) series with 4 (M1–4); sutural (S) series with 7–9 (S’0, S0–5, S’0 present or absent, S4i as mac or mic); post-sutural (Ps) series with 1 (Ps2); post-occipital anterior (Pa) series with 4 –5 (Pa1 present or absent plus Pa2–3, Pa5); a single mac without clear homology near Pa2; post-occipital medial (Pm) series with 2 (Pm1 and Pm3); and post-occipital posterior (Pp) series with 4 (Pp1, Pp3–5) mac; Pp1e, Pe3 and at least 3 more postero-external mac present. Labrum as in Fig. 7 View FIGURES 7–10 with 4 prelabral smooth chaetae (pl1–2) and with 5 (p0–2), 5 (m0–2), 4 (a1–2) smooth chaetae, p0–1 longer than other labral chaetae; labral papillae with multiple projections (about 6 projections each). Maxillary palp with 1 apical appendage and 1 subapical chaeta, subequal and smooth; sublobal plate with 3 chaetaelike internal appendages ( Fig. 8 View FIGURES 7–10 ). Labium as in Fig. 9 View FIGURES 7–10 with 5 main papillae (A–E) with 0, 5, 0, 4, 4 guard chaetae respectively; lateral process (l.p.) thin and apically rounded surpassing papilla E apex; papilla H with 2 guard chaetae; labial palp with 5 smooth proximal chaetae. Labial basomedian and basolateral fields with a1–5 and e as smooth chaetae, M (rarely absent or as smooth chaeta) and L1–2 as ciliate chaetae; R absent ( Fig. 9 View FIGURES 7–10 ). Post-labial region only with ciliate chaetae, ventral groove with 4 – 6 marginal chaetae, posterior chaeta longer than anterior ones ( Fig. 10 View FIGURES 7–10 ).

Trunk dorsal chaetotaxy ( Figs 11 – 17 View FIGURES 11–14 View FIGURES 15–17 ). Th. II to Abd V dorsal sens and ms formulae as 22/122+3 and 10/10100 respectively. Th. II ( Fig. 11 View FIGURES 11–14 ), excluding anterior collar, with 1 anterior (a5), 2 medial (m1 and m4) and 10 – 14 posterior (p1–4, p6–6e; p1i, p1p2, p2p and p4a present or absent) mac; m5 and p5 mac absent. Th. III ( Fig. 12 View FIGURES 11–14 ) with 10 anterior (a1–6), 2 medial (m6–7?) and 7–14 posterior (p1–3, p5–6p; p1i, p1i2, p1a, p1a2, p2a, p2ep and p3 present or absent) mac. Abd. I ( Fig. 13 View FIGURES 11–14 ) with 2 – 4 anterior (a1–3, a5, a2 as mic or mac, a3 present or absent), 5–6 medial (m2–6e, m5 present or absent) plus one extra lateral mac (?). Abd. II ( Fig. 14 View FIGURES 11–14 ) with 2 bothriotricha (m2 and a5), 5 central (a2, m3–3ea) and 1 lateral (m5) mac. Abd. III ( Fig. 15 View FIGURES 15–17 ) with 3 bothriotricha (m2, a5 and m5), 1 – 2 central (a1 and m3, a1 present or absent) and 3 lateral (am6, pm6 and p6) mac. Abd. IV ( Fig. 16 View FIGURES 15–17 ) with 2 bothriotricha (T2, T4), 7 – 9 central (A6, Ae6–7, B2, B4–6, C4 and T7; the last two as mes or mac) and 11–13 lateral (D2–3, E3–4, Ee3, Ee7, Ee10, F1a–3; F1p and F3 present or absent) mac; at least five sensilla present (possibly many more), ps not seen but possibly present; 7+7 centro-posterior mes. Abd. V ( Fig. 17 View FIGURES 15–17 ) with 1–2 anterior (a5–6, a6 present or absent), 3 medial (m2–3, m5) and 6 posterior (p0–1, p3–5 and pp6) mac.

Legs ( Figs 18 – 19 View FIGURES 18–24 ). Trochanteral organ with about 25 spine-like smooth chaetae ( Fig. 19 View FIGURES 18–24 ). Tibiotarsus III with slightly ciliate tenent-hair with similar length to unguis, smooth chaeta opposite to tenent-hair present ( Fig. 18 View FIGURES 18–24 ). Empodial complex with anterior and posterior pretarsal chaetae; unguis with 4 inner teeth (the proximal pair larger than the unpaired medial and distal teeth) and 3 external teeth (one lateral pair plus one small dorsal); unguiculus slightly truncated with smooth edges ( Fig. 18 View FIGURES 18–24 ).

Abdominal appendages ( Figs 20 – 24 View FIGURES 18–24 ). Ventral tube anterior face with 2+2 anterior mac plus and 2+2 mes ( Fig. 20 View FIGURES 18–24 ); posterior face unclear; lateral flap with about 6 slender smooth chaetae (3 more elongated) plus 5 ciliate chaetae ( Fig. 21 View FIGURES 18–24 ). Distal ventral face of manubrium with 6+6 apical chaetae ( Fig. 22 View FIGURES 18–24 ). Manubrial plate (dorsal face) with 2–3 pseudopores and 4–6 ciliate chaetae ( Fig. 23 View FIGURES 18–24 ). Dens normally crenulate. Mucro bidentate with apical tooth smaller than basal, mucronal spine reaching the apex of basal tooth ( Fig. 24 View FIGURES 18–24 ).

Etymology. The new species was named after June Osborne, the main character of “The Handmaid’s Tale” TV series played by Elisabeth Moss and based on the original novel written by Margaret Atwood, due to her will to endure and fight the oppressive social system in which she lives. June’s character symbolizes the struggle of women in our real society.

Habitat. Specimens of Entomobrya juneae sp. nov. were collected from areas within Atlantic Forest phytogeographic domain, in Extremoz municipality, Rio Grande do Norte State, from sandy soil and dead foliage samples on forested (shaded) sites, during both rainy and dry seasons. According to Köppen-Geiger system, the climate of the area is ‘As’ – equatorial hot with a dry summer, with average annual precipitation of 1.600 mm ( Kottek et al. 2006; Embrapa 2019).

Remarks. Concerning the Neotropical Entomobrya , the new species possibly resembles most E. uambae , E. paroara and somehow the widespread E. atrocincta and E. nivalis (the last two as presented in Katz & Soto-Adames 2015) partially in color pattern and dorsal chaetotaxy, only known for the last two species. Compared to E. uambae and E. paroara the new species differs in presenting the antennae shorter or as long as the trunk (clearly longer in E. uambae and E. paroara ), prelabral chaetae simple (bifurcated in E. paroara ), absence of basal tooth on unguiculus (present in E. uambae ), dens normally crenulate (almost rigid in E. uambae and E. paroara , with few crenulations) and mucro with distal tooth reduced (subequal in E. uambae ). Compared to E. paroara the new species also differs in the presence of the apical bulb on Ant. IV (absent in the first species, see Arlé & Guimarães 1978, pg. 3). This is also the case of E. egleri ( Arlé & Guimarães 1978, pg. 15). This shared condition supports neither species are Entomobrya and suggests both may actually belong to Entomobryoides , even though the legs chaetotaxy and other morphological aspects are unclear for such species (as discussed for Entomobryoides in Jordana 2012 ). A further discussion concerning this topic is presented ahead in the text.

Concerning the dorsal chaetotaxy, the new species can be readily separated from E. nivalis and E. atrocincta especially in: absence of Ps5 mac on head (present in E. atrocincta and E. nivalis ), absence of m5 and p5 mac on Th. II (both present in E. nivalis , p5 present in E. atrocincta ), absence of a2 and a3 mac on Abd. III (both present in E. atrocincta , a3 present or absent in E. nivalis ) and reduction of A series of mac on Abd. IV, with only A6 (with more mac in the other two species). The new species also differs from E. atrocincta and E. nivalis in prelabral chaetae smooth (ciliate in the other two species) and trochanteral organ with about 25 smooth chaetae (about 30 or more in the other two species). The recently described Brazilian Entomobrya bahiana resembles the new species in part of the complexity of head, thorax and Abd. I–III chaetotaxy, but it is remarkably different concerning the color pattern, with trunk almost entirely pigmented, dorsal head with Ps3 and Ps5 and lacking S1 mac (the opposite in E. juneae sp. nov.), presence of m2 plus one multiplet (as mac) on Th. II (both absent in E. juneae sp. nov.) and specially holding a more complex macrochaetotaxy of Abd. IV (reduced in central area of E. juneae sp. nov.). The labial chaetotaxy of both species also differs, and E. bahiana presents R and E ciliated, while the new species present only e as a smooth chaeta. Finally, the trochanteral organ of E. bahiana is reduced (with about 15 chaetae) compared to the new species (about 25). More comparisons among the cited species are presented in Table 1 View TABLE 1 .