Endecous ubajarensis Zefa

Zefa, Edison, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da, Fontanetti, Carmem S., Gottschalk, Marco Silva, Padilha, Giovanna Boff, Fernandes, Anelise & Martins, Luciano De P., 2014, A new species of Endecous Saussure, 1878 (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) from northeast Brazil with the first X X 0 chromosomal sex system in Gryllidae, Zootaxa 3847 (1), pp. 125-132 : 126-130

Endecous ubajarensis Zefa , n. sp.

Type material. Holotype male: BRAZIL, CE[ará], Ubajara, Serra da Ibiapaba, P.[arque] N.[acional] de Ubajara, Cave “Gruta de Ubajara, 12.i.2013, 40 53' 53.617" W, 3 50' 18.848" S. E. Zefa & D. R. Redü leg. / UBA01 ( MZUSP). Holotype condition: hind legs were detached, and maintained in holotype's tube. Paratypes: same data of Holotype, five males (UBA03, UBA04, UBA05, MZUSP, and UBA06, UBA07, INPA), three females (UBA02, UBA08, MZUSP, and UBA09, INPA).

Etymology. Specific epithet refers to the type locality: cave "Gruta de Ubajara", municipality of Ubajara, Parque Nacional de Ubajara (Brazilian Conservation Unit).

Diagnosis. Pseudepiphallic arm short ( Fig. 12 , Ps.Arm); dorsal branch of pseudepiphallic arm acuminate, slightly sinuous and strongly curved inward ( Figs. 12, 14, 15 , Ps.db); ventral branch of pseudepiphallic arm flattened and slightly curved inward ( Figs. 12, 14, 15 , Ps.vb); Pseudepiphallic sclerite little sclerotized dorsally, reduced to a two inner bars ( Fig. 12 , Ps.ib); digitiform projections in the ectophallic arc ( Figs. 12−13 , Ect.mp); karyotype with six pairs of autosomes, all of them metacentric, except pair 3 submetacentric; sex chromosomes X1 and X2 metacentrics (Fig. 22).

Description, male holotype ( Figs. 1 , 3–11 ). Body color. Uniformly yellowish brown. Head. Pubescent; vertex, frons and gena uniformly light yellowish brown; short bristles between scapes ( Fig. 6 ); compound eyes black with a small dorsal depigmented spot; ocelli absent; clypeus lighter than labrum; first two maxillary palpomeres smaller than the others, third palpomere as long as fourth, fifth palpomere longer than fourth, arched and dilated on apex; second labial palpomere longer than the first and smaller than the claviform third one ( Fig. 6 ). Thorax. Pronotum, dorsal disc wider than longer, with long bristles on cephalic and caudal margin; lateral lobes rounded, without bristles (Figs. 3,4); Leg I: femur and tibia same size; tibia with an oval auditory tympanum at inner side, and two ventral apical spurs; first tarsomere serrulated twice longer than second and third together; Leg II, same size Leg I, tibia with two inner and two outer apical spurs, dorsal smaller; Leg III, femur dilated; tibia serrulated, three subapical spurs on inner and four on outer side ( Fig. 11 ), the distal one the smaller ( Figs. 9, 11 , arrow); four apical spurs at inner ( Fig. 10 ) and three at outer ( Fig. 9 ) side of the tibiae, the inner longer than outer; first tarsomere twice longer than second and third ones together, serrulated on distal half, with two apical spurs, the inner longer ( Fig. 11 ); right tegmina well sclerotized, covering the first three abdominal tergites; median fan reduced; harp with four cross-veins, second bifurcated; mirror with two well defined cross-veins, distal bifurcated; apical area reduced; lateral field with poor marked accessory veins ( Fig. 4 ); stridulatory file with 77 teeth. Abdomen. Cerci slender, light yellow; supranal plate rounded at apex, with lateral projections ( Fig. 7 ); subgenital plate with poor marked indentation ( Fig. 8 ). Measurements (mm): body length 17.3; head width 3.04; intra-ocular distance 1.72; pronotum width 4.6; pronotum length 2.9; antenna length 91.6; hind femur length 13.1; hind tibia length 15.2; cerci length 16.67; right tegmina lateral field width 1.56; lateral field length 4.9; dorsal field width 4,16; dorsal field length 5.77; stridulatory file length 2.18; 35.3 teeth/mm.

Observations in Paratypes. Phallic Sclerites ( Figs. 12–15 ). Pseudepiphallic arm short, bifurcated posteriorly ( Fig. 12 , Ps.Arm); dorsal branch of pseudepiphallic arm curved inward, with apex acuminate, slightly sinuous, and strongly sclerotized ( Figs. 12, 14, 15 , Ps.db); ventral branch of pseudepiphallic arm slightly flattened and curved inward, shorter and less sclerotized than dorsal one ( Figs. 12, 14, 15 , Ps.vb); Pseudepiphallic sclerite little sclerotized dorsally, reduced to a two inner bars ( Fig. 12 , Ps.ib) from which is projected a membranous shield outward ( Fig. 12 , Ps.ms); pseudepiphallic paramere lentiform, well developed, slightly surpassing apex of the pseudepiphallic arm ( Figs. 12−15 , Ps.P); ectophallic sclerite consists of a transversal arc ( Figs. 12−13 , Ect.Arc) with two lateral and digitiform bars projected posteriorly ( Figs. 12−13 , Ect.lb); each bar is connected posteriorly to pseudepiphallic paramere. From the median region of the ectophallic arc arise two digitiform projections ( Figs.

12−13, Ect.mp), with membranes connected to the posterior region of the endophallic sclerite forming a channel to spermatophore duct; ectophallic apodeme well developed ( Figs. 12−13 , Ect.Ap); endophallic sclerite well developed and sclerotized in anterior and posterior portions: anterior portion triangle-shaped and folded ( Fig. 13 , End.Sc.a), posterior sword shaped ( Fig. 13 , End.Sc.p).

Male Right Tegmina. Distal mirror cross-vein may be uncompleted; four to five harp cross-vein; stridulatory file = 80.7 teeth ± 6.6 (76–90, n = 5).

Female ( Fig. 2 ). Similar in color to holotype, larger in size; apterous; subgenital plate with median V-shaped indentation ( Fig. 16 ); supranal plate rounded at apex with two lateral projections ( Fig. 17 ); ovipositor swordshaped ( Figs. 18–21 ).

Measurements. Male (mm, n = 5): body length 16.7 ± 0.74 (15.8–17.6); head width 3.3 ± 0.16 (3.1–3.5); intra-ocular distance 1.72 ± 0.04 (1.62–1.88); pronotum width 4.64 ± 0.13 (4.52–4.77); pronotum length 3.08 ± 0.13 (2.93–3.23); antenna length 80.4 ± 8.2 (74.6–86.2, n = 2); hind femur length 14.5 ± 0.57 (13.7–15.1); hind tibia length 16.2 ± 0.64 (15.1–17.2); cerci length 16.9 ± 1.15 (15.7–18.3, n = 4). Right tegmina (mm, n = 4): lateral field width 2.01 ± 0.14 (1.82–2.15); lateral field length 5.78 ± 0.14 (5.66–5.93); dorsal field width 4.25 ± 0.14 (4.1–4.4); dorsal field length 6.3 ± 0.07 (6.2–6.4); stridulatory file length 2.62 ± 0.22 (2.3–2.8); teeth per millimeter 31.01 ± 2.32 (28.1–33). Female (mm, n = 3): body length 22.6 ± 1.48 (21.1–24.1); head width 4.1 ± 0.08 (4.01–4.17); intra-ocular distance 2.19 ± 0.18 (2.1–2.4); pronotum width 5.75 ± 0.11 (5.66–5.88); pronotum length 3.91 ± 0.19 (3.7–4.07); antenna length 96.3 ± 8.5 (90.3–102.3); hind femur length 16.8 ± 0.21 (16.6–17); hind tibia length 18.4 ± 0.35 (18–18.6); ovipositor length 14.8 ± 0.63 (14.2–15.5.

Chromosomes. Diploid chromosome number of 2n = 12 + X1X 2 ♂, and 2n = 12 + X1X1X2X2 ♀; five pairs of metacentric chromosomes, pair 1, ci = 46.6, carrying two heterochromatic bands at q-arm; pair 2, ci = 46.4; pair 4, ci = 44; pair 5, ic = 43.2; pair 6, ic = 43,7; pair 3 submetacentric, ic = 34,6; and sex chromosomes X1 and X2, both metacentrics with ic = 45,4 (Fig. 22).

Habitat. We collected on the same day adults male and female, as well as nymphs at different instars, found in the first two hundred meters inside the cave, an area with artificial light, and tourists access.

Remarks on cytogenetics. During male metaphase I, six pairs of autosomal bivalent chromosomes arrange themselves in the equatorial plate of the cell, while the X1 and X2 sex chromosomes are positioned in one of the cell poles (Fig. 23). After the migration of chromosomes along anaphase I, one of the daughter cells aggregates six autosomal chromosomes, and another six autosomal, as well as the X1 and X2 sex chromosomes (Fig. 24), thus the male representing the heterogametic sex. The diploid number and sex-determining system of E. ubajarensis n. sp. with 2n = 12 + X1X2 0♂/12 + X1X1X2X2 ♀ differs from the other five studied species of Endecous since E. onthophagus (Berg, 1891) ( Cardoso et al. 1984, Mesa & Garcia-Novo 1997; Zefa et al. 2010b) and E. itatibensis FIGURES 22–24. Endecous ubajarensis n. sp. chromosomes. 22—female Karyotype with 2n = 12 + X1X1X2X2; 23—male metaphasis I; 23—male anaphasis I.

Figures

FIGURES 12 – 15. Endecous ubajarensis n. sp. phallic sclerites of the paratype UBA 03. 12 — dorsal view; 13 — ventral view; 14 — diagonal view; 15 — posterior view. Conventions: Ps. Arm—pseudepiphallic arm; Ps. db—pseudepiphallic dorsal branch; Ps. vb—pseudepiphallic ventral branch; Ps. P—pseudepiphallic paramere; Ps. ib—Pseudepiphallic sclerite inner bars; Ps. mspseudepiphallic membranous shield; Ect. Arc—ectophallic arc; Ect. lb—ectophallic lateral bar; Ect. mp—ectophallic median projection; Ect. Ap—ectophallic apodeme; End. Sc. a—endophallic sclerite anterior portion; End. Sc. p—endophallic sclerite posterior portion.

FIGURES 1 – 2. Endecous ubajarensis n. sp. habitus. 1 — holotype male; 2 — paratype female UBA 02.

FIGURES 3 – 11. Endecous ubajarensis n. sp. holotype morphology. 3 – 5 — habitus in lateral, dorsal, and ventral views, respectively; 6 — head, frontal view; 7 — supranal-plate; 8 — subgenital plate; 9 a, b, c—tibia III outer apical spurs; arrow, distal subapical spur; 10 d, e, f, g—inner apical spurs; 11 — tibia and tarsus, lateral view; arrow, distal subapical spur.

FIGURES 16 – 21. Endecous ubajarensis n. sp. female UBA 02. 16 — subgenital plate; 17 — supranal plate; 18 — ovipositor, ventral view; 19 — ovipositor, lateral view; 20 — ovipositor apex, dorsal view; 21 — ovipositor apex, lateral view.