Echinometra oblonga ( Blainville, 1825 )

Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles, 2017, Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa, Zootaxa 4296 (1), pp. 1-72 : 44-45

* Echinometra oblonga ( Blainville, 1825)

Fig. 48 A–B.

Echinometra oblonga: A. Agassiz, 1863: 21 ; A. Agassiz, 1872 –1874: 116, 433. Pl. XXXVI, Fig. 5 ; H.L. Clark, 1912: 373 –374; H.L. Clark, 1925a: 144; Schultz, 2011: 1276, Fig. 2275; Filander & Griffiths, 2014: 53. Pl. II, Fig. C. Echinometra mathei oblonga: Mortensen, 1943: 393 –395. Pl. XLVIII, Figs 1–20 .

Material examined. None, entry based on literature.

Identification. Closely related to Echinometra mathaei , difficult to distinguish the two with just morphological characters.

Global maximum size. Maximum test diameter 90 mm.

Global distribution. East coast region of South Africa ( Filander & Griffiths 2014). East Africa, Mauritius and Maldives through to Philippines, Indonesia and New Guinea to Okinawa, Guam and Hawaii, plus south Pacific Islands; strictly littoral ( Schultz 2011).

Remarks. Previously recognized as a morph of E. mathaei ( Mortensen 1943) ; however subsequent genetic ( Palumbi and Metz 1991, Landry et al. 2003), reproductive ( Rahman & Uehara 2004) and ecological ( Nishihira et al. 1991) studies led to recognition of the two as separate species ( Kroh & Mooi 2015). Maher (2011) documents E. oblonga in South African waters for the first time.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts.

FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum).

FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 9. Goniocidaris (Goniocidaris) indica: A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23089). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28235).

FIGURE 10. Stereocidaris alcocki (SAMC-A 28229): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view (close-up) of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 11. Stereocidaris capensis (MB-A 077743): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 12. Stereocidaris excavata (SAMC-A 23320). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 13. Stereocidaris squamosa (MBC-A 077750). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 14. Acanthocidaris maculicollis (SAMC- A 28233). A. Map showing distribution. B. Spine close-up view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 15. Plococdaris verticillata (SAMC-A 28236). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 16. Prionocidaris pistillaris. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of adult preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23724). C. Side view of juvenile preserved specimen (MBC-A 077755).

FIGURE 17. Stylocidaris cingulata. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen (MBC-A 074000). C. Apical system of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28217).

FIGURE 18. Araeosoma paucispinum (SAMC- A 222221). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 19. Hygrosoma petersii (SAMC-A 22219). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 20. Sperosoma biseriatum A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010). C. Oral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010).

FIGURE 48. Echinometra oblonga A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2011 c).