Dysidea mureungensis, Kim & Sim, 2020

Kim, Young A & Sim, Kyung Jin Lee and Chung Ja, 2020, Eight new species of two genera Dysidea and Euryspongia (Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida: Dysideidae) from Korea, Journal of Species Research 9 (1), pp. 56-67 : 57-58

Genus Dysidea Johnston, 1842

1. Dysidea mureungensis n. sp. ( Fig. 1 ) ŖṞHṄHOiỢ(ljḏ)

Type specimen. Holotype (NIBRIV0000854516), Korea: Mureungarch, Deajeong-eup, Seogwipo-si , Jeju-do, 20 Sep 2012, Moon, S.E., by SCUBA, depth 5 m, deposited in the NIBR.

Description. Thick encrusting, small mass sponge, size up to 6 × 5 × 1 cm, surface, rough honeycomb shape, covered with membrane mixed sands and spicules lightly and attached large sands. Several oscules open on surface, 2-4 mm in diameter. Color in life, grayish beige. Texture firm and compressible.

Skeleton: Primary fibres, 100-200 μm in diameter with cored sands and spicules. Secondary fibres, rarely cored with detritus, have web type mesh in some areas, 60-100 μm in diameter. There is no distinction between primary and secondary fibres because network is rectangular mesh on near surface.

Etymology. The specific name, mureungensis , is named after a locality, Mureungarch, Korea.

Remarks. This species is characterized by the honeycomb shape of surface. There is no distinction between primary and secondary fibres.

2. Dysidea glavea n. sp. ( Fig. 2 ) ŔḪHṄHOiỢ(ljḏ)

Type specimen. Holotype (NIBRIV0000854517), Korea: Geomun-ri, Samsan-myeon, Yeosu-si , Jeollanam-do, 18 Jul 1977, Yoon, S.J., by hand, intertidal zone, deposited in the NIBR.

Description. Thick encrusting sponge, size up to 12 × 13 × 8 cm. Surface smooth with attached large sands. Several protruding open oscules, 2-4 mm in diameter. Numerous fibres appear on surface without membrane. Membrane easily separates from fibres. Large sands cored in fibres ( Fig. 2C ). Color in life dirty brown. Texture soft and compressible.

Skeleton: Primary and secondary fibres are densely cored with debris. Primary fibres, 150-200 μm in diameter near conules. Secondary fibres, 40-150 μm in diameter.

Etymology. The species name, glavea is named after the shape of the fibres that are cored with gravel.

Remarks. This species is similar to Dysidea geomunensis n. sp. but differs by large sand cored in between fibres and in matrix. The membrane easily separates from fibres.

3. Dysidea geomunensis n. sp. ( Fig. 3 ) ĄȇHṄHOiỢ (ljḏ)

Type specimen. Holotype (NIBRIV0000854518), Korea: Geomun-ri, Samsan-myeon, Yeosu-si , Jeollanam-do, 18 Jul 1977, Yoon, S.J., by hand, intertidal zone, deposited in the NIBR.

Description. Thick encrusting sponge, size up to 9 × 4 cm wide and 1.5 cm thick. Surface smooth with short conules. Several oscules open on surface, 1-3 mm in diameter. Color in life beige. Texture soft and compressible. Skeleton: Fibres not easily separated from sponge. Primary fibres, 80-150 μm in diameter near conules, densely cored but without large sands. Secondary fibres, 30-100 μm in diameter, rarely cored in some areas and make thin bridged or wide web type.

Etymology. The species name, geomunensis , is named after a locality, Geomundo Island, Korea.

Remarks. This species is similar to Dysidea mureungensis n. sp. in skeletal structure but differs by size of skeletal fibres, which are thinner than D. mureungensis n. sp.. Fibres not easily separated from sponge. Fibres are not cored with large sands and also no large sand in the matrix.

4. Dysidea corallina n. sp. ( Figs. 4 , 5 ) üĀHṄHOiỢ (ljḏ)

Type specimen. Holotype (NIBRIV0000854519), Korea: Jakeunganyeo, Gageo-ri, Heuksan-myeon , Shinan-gun , Jeollanam-do, 22 Sep 2008, Lee, K.J., by SCUBA, depth 15 m, deposited in the NIBR.

Description. Upright sponge, lobate digitate form, flatten lobate projection arising from base, like coral shape, size up to 10 × 7 × 1.5 cm. Surface rough with distinct sharp conules, and covered with thin membrane. Several oscules open on surface, 1-1.5 mm in diameter. Color in life purple, beige inside. Texture firm and compressible.

Skeleton: Primary fibres, 200-250 μm in diameter, dense cored with sands and large spicules. Secondary fibres, 70-220 μm in diameter, with irregular web type or various sized mesh, mostly clear but rarely with cored debris.

Etymology. The species name, corallina is named after the coral shape of sponge.

Remarks. This species is characterized by folded fan shape and arrangement of secondary fibres. The species is similar to coral in external features.

Figures

Fig. 1. Dysidea mureungensis n. sp. A, external morphology; B, surface close up; C, skeletal structure; D, skeletal structure with membrane near conules; E, all cored fibres; F, attached large sands near surface. Scale bars:A=1 cm, B=0.5 cm, C-F=100μm.

Fig. 2. Dysidea glavea n. sp. A, external morphology; B, surface close up; C, skeletal structure cored with large sands; D, E, cored primary and secondary fibres; F, secondary fibres cored with large sands; G, primary fibres near conules; H, thick primary fibres and thin secondary fibres. Scale bars:A=1 cm, B=0.3 cm, C=200 μm, D-H=100 μm.

Fig. 3. Dysidea geomunensis n. sp. A, external morphology; B, surface close up; C, skeletal structure; D, primary fibres near conules; E, F, bridged and web type of cored secondary fibres; G, choanosome primary fibres; H, primary fibres at the surface. Scale bars:A=2 cm, B=1 cm, C=200 μm, D-H=100 μm.

Fig. 4. Dysidea corallina n. sp. A, external morphology; B, surface close up; C, D, skeletal structure; E, uncored secondary fibres; F, rare cored secondary fibres; G, bark-like secondary fibres; H, skeletal structure under a dissecting microscope. Scale bars: A =2 cm, B=1 cm, C=200 μm, D-H=100 μm.

Fig. 5. Dysidea corallina n. sp. A, B, secondary web; C, cored primary and secondary web; D, primary fibres near conules. Scale bars: A-D =100 μm.