Disynaphia ligulifolia (Hook. & Arn.)

de Souza, Tiago J. T., S, Bordignon, ergio A. L., Apel, Miriam A. & Henriques, Amelia T., 2021, Volatile constituents of Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). Compositional multivariate analysis of volatile oils from Southern Brazilian species in the subtribe Disynaphiinae, Phytochemistry (112734) 186, pp. 1-23 : 15

VOs obtained from the leaves and inflorescences of

Disynaphia ligulifolia (Hook. & Arn.) R.M.King & H.Rob.

(syn. Eupatorium ligulifolium ),

a 0.5–1.5 m tall sub-shrub native to southern Brazil ( King and Robinson, 1987; Matzenbacher, 1979) differ quantitatively from one another. The inflorescences contain a higher percentage of hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (51.5%), mainly germacrene D (18.8%) and bicyclogermacrene (11.6%), and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, τ- cadinol/τ- muurolol (7.9%) and α- cadinol (14.6%); in the VOs obtained from the leaves, in addition to the cadinanes, τ- cadinol/τ- muurolol (13.3%) and α- cadinol (23.9%), the guaianes spathulenol (11.8%) and epi-globulol (8.8%) were found, which are known to be formed via the oxidation of germacrene D and bicyclogermacrene (Bülow and K¨onig, 2000; Toyota et al., 1996; Venturi et al., 2015), identified in trace amounts or not detected at all in the leaf samples. This species was previously reported to be associated with wasps Mischocyttarus rotundicolis and Polybia ignobilis (Vespidae) , and bees Trigona spinipes and Apis mellifera (Apidae) ( Klein, 2018).