Dissochaeta bracteata (Jack) Blume, Flora 14: 495. 1831.

Kartonegoro, Abdulrokhman, Veldkamp, Jan Frits, Hovenkamp, Peter & Welzen, Peter van, 2018, A revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae, Dissochaeteae), PhytoKeys 107, pp. 1-178 : 1

11. Dissochaeta bracteata (Jack) Blume, Flora 14: 495. 1831. Figure 8 , Map 7

Melastoma bracteatum Jack, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 9. 1823 (" bracteata ").

Dissochaeta bracteata Korth. in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot.: 237, tab. 55. 1844, nom. illeg., non Blume (1831). Type: Indonesia. West Sumatra: Doekoe, P.W. Korthals s.n. (lectotype, designated here: L [L0822680]!; isolectotype: L [L0822679]!).

Dissochaeta bracteosa Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 3, 15: 76. 1851. Type: Malaysia. Pulo Pinang, Mar 1837, C. Gaudichaud-Beaupré 97 (lectotype, designated here: P [P02274815, image seen]!; isolectotype P [P02274816, image seen]!).

Dissochaeta korthalsii Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 528. 1855, nom. superfl. Type: Based on Dissochaeta bracteata Korth.

Type.

Malaysia. Penang, Jack s.n. (lost); Malaysia. Penang, N. Wallich 4044 (neotype, designated by Kartonegoro and Veldkamp 2010, pg. 129): K [K000859538]!; isoneotypes: BM!, K [K000859537]!).

Description.

Climbing up to 15 m in height. Branchlets terete, 3-5 mm in diameter, stellate-puberulous; nodes swollen, interpetiolar ridge undulate, densely brown pubescent; internodes 8-11 cm long. Leaves: petioles terete, 5-10 mm long, densely brown stellate-furfuraceous; blades ovate, 6-13 × 3-7 cm, chartaceous, base cordate to subcordate, margin entire, apex acuminate, tip 0.3-0.5 cm long; nervation with 1 or 2 pairs of lateral nerves and 1 pair of intramarginal nerves; adaxially glabrous, glossy, with prominent nervation, abaxially glabrous to sparsely stellate-punctate, young leaves densely stellate-furfuraceous. Inflorescences terminal, up to 20 cm long, many-flowered; main axis stellate-puberulous; primary axes up to 15 cm long with 5 or 6 nodes, secondary axes 2.5-3.5 cm long with 1 or 2 nodes, teriary axes 0.8-1 cm long with 1 node; bracts ovate, 10-12 × 5-6 mm, densely brown stellate-furfuraceous; bracteoles ovate or ovate-oblong, 5-9 × 2-4 mm, reflexed inside, enclosing the flower bud, densely stellate-furfuraceous; pedicels brown stellate-furfuraceous, 4-5 mm long in central flowers, 1-2 mm long in lateral flowers. Hypanthium tubular, 3-8 × 2-4 mm, densely brown stellate-furfuraceous, ridge conspicuous; calyx lobes truncate with rounded or triangular tip, 1-2 mm long, stellate-furfuraceous; petal bud conical, 1-4 mm long; mature petals ovate, ca. 10 × 5-7 mm, reflexed, base clawed, apex rounded, glabrous or with appressed hairs at base inside, bright purple with white lines. Stamens 8, unequal, filaments curved sideways, whitish; alternipetalous stamens with 6-8 mm long filaments, anthers linear or lanceolate, curved, sickle-shaped, thecae 13-15 mm long, pink, pedoconnective 3-4 mm, basal crests erose or triangular, irregular, ca. 1 mm long, yellow, lateral appendages paired, filiform, 3-5 mm long, sometimes divided at the apex; oppositipetalous stamens with 5-6 mm long filaments, slightly bent at apex, stipopodium ca. 1 mm long, anthers lanceolate, S-shaped, locule 8-10 mm long, thick, bright white or yellow with pink apex, basal crest hastate, 1-2 mm long, yellow, lateral appendages paired, filiform, 4-5 mm long. Ovary half as long as the hypanthium, apex pubescent; style glabrous or subglabrescent, 6-10 mm long, curved at top; stigma minute; extra-ovarial chambers 8, extending to the middle and the base of the ovary. Fruits urceolate, elongate, 6-10 × 3-5 mm, stellate-puberulous to nearly glabrous, yellowish-green when unripe; calyx lobes caducous. Seeds ca. 0.5 mm long.

Distribution.

Thailand (Chanthaburi), Peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Malacca and Penang), Sumatra (North, West and Belitung), Java (West), Borneo (Sabah and Sarawak), Philippines (Panay) and Moluccas (Ceram).

Ecology and habitat.

Secondary montane forest or on the edge of the forest and open area at 600-900 m elevation.

Vernacular names.

Peninsular Malaysia: oosa (Malay). Sumatra: andor si ramu dalik (Batak).

Note.

Dissochaeta bracteata has distinct ovate bracteoles, which cover the hypanthium when in bud. It is sometimes confused with D. annulata , which has similar robust chartaceous leaves and inflorescences, but differs in having a much more glabrous or puberulous abaxially leaf surface. The hypanthium of D. bracteata is urceolate, more campanulate in D. annulata . Even though the species has a wider distribution than any other species, its occurrence is rather scattered in each region with low numbers of samples.

Specimens examined.

THAILAND. Chanthaburi: Khao Soi Dao, 1800 m, 28 Apr 1930, A.F.G. Kerr 19192 (BM, K). MALAYSIA. Kedah: Gurun, Gunung Jerai, 16 Jul 1994, Zainudin et al. 5131 (K, L). Malacca: A.C. Maingay KD 791 (1217) (K). Penang: N. Wallich 4044 (BM, K); Ibid., Mar 1837, C. Gaudichaud-Béaupre 97 (P); Government Hill, Apr 1890, C. Curtis 2298 (K); Penang Hill, 730 m, 14 Sep 1966, Ding Hou 839 (K, L); Batu Pulau, 1905, W. Fox s.n. (BM). Selangor: Genting Highlands, Gunong Ulu Kali, 1600 m, 3 Jun 1978, J.F. Maxwell 78-308 (L). Sabah: Beaufort, Quary, 12 Sep 1970, Aban Gibot SAN 66948 (K); Beluran, Ulu Tungud Forest Reserve, 600 m, 24 Jul 2005, Joanes et al. SAN 146905 (K); Papar, Keningau Road, 20 Feb 1975, Abdul Karim SAN 78421 (K, L); Penampang, Inobong, 22 Jul 2010, Aloysius et al. SAN 152101 (L); Ranau, Mount Kinabalu, Kota Belud to Kibayo, 28 Oct 1915, M.S. Clemens 9816 (BO, PNH); Ibid., Dallas, 900 m, Sep 1931, J. Clemens & M.S. Clemens 30339 (BO, K, L); Ibid., Between Kota Belud and Kaliau, 450 m, 11 Mar 1954, S. Darnton 505 (BM); Ibid., Nosurong, 19 May 1986, Amin & Jarius SAN 114333 (L); Tawau, Silimpopon, St. Lucia, 22 m, 5 Jun 1940, P. Orolfo 22 (K, L). Sarawak: Kuching, 19 Apr 1893, G.D. Haviland 151 (BM, K, L); Ibid., Mount Santubong, May 1961, Hj. Bujang S.13494 (K); Ibid., Belvedere 15 m, 12 Sep 1955, J.W. Purseglove P.4353 (K, L); Lundu, Sematan, Gunung Pueh, 820 m, 23 Jun 1974, James et al. S.34495 (K, L); Ibid., Pandan, 25 May 1986, Abang Mohtar et al. S.53018 (AAU, L). INDONESIA. Bangka-Belitung: Belitung Island, Manggar, J.E. Teijsmann s.n. (BO). North Sumatra: Deli Serdang, Bangun Purba, 175 m, 14 Mar 1925, J.A. Lörzing 11439 (BO); Asahan, Dolok Tomouan, 1000 m, 10-15 Jun 1936, Rahmat Si Boeea 9075 (L). West Sumatra: Padang, Limau Manis, 400 m, 5 Sep 2017, A. Kartonegoro 1056 (BO, L); Lima Puluh Kota, Pangkalan Koto Baharu, 100 m, Apr 1915, E. Jacobson 2412 (BO); Ibid., Harau Valley, Sarasah Bonta, 500 m, 11 Sep 2017, Kartonegoro 1074 (BO, L); Padang Panjang, 550 m, 1 Aug 1957, W. Meijer 7180 (L); Pariaman, Duku, P.W. Korthals s.n. (L). West Java: Bogor, Bolang, Cirangsad, 600 m, 19 Jul 1912, C.A. Backer 4139 (BO). Moluccas: Ceram, Masohi, Wae Ruwata, 150-200 m, 2 Dec 1990, J.S. Burley & Tukirin 4325 (BO, K, L). PHILIPPINES. Panay: Capiz, Oct-Nov 1925, G.E. Edano BS 46108 (BO, P).

Figures

Map 7. Distribution of D. bracteata (●).

Figure 8. Dissochaeta bracteata a habit b branchlet c hypanthium d flower e fruits. Photographs by A. Kartonegoro; vouchers Kartonegoro 1074 (BO, L).