Diploexochus exu Campos-Filho, Sfenthourakis & Bichuette, 2023
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5252/zoosystema2023v45a19 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:49E49578-3EC4-4088-B17E-E3387C70C247 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10027440 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A41F25-921F-6335-FE8F-FCE2FDCAE8EB |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Diploexochus exu Campos-Filho, Sfenthourakis & Bichuette |
status |
sp. nov. |
Diploexochus exu Campos-Filho, Sfenthourakis & Bichuette View in CoL , n. sp.
( Figs 27-29 View FIG View FIG View FIG ; 30B View FIG )
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5ED17375-A69D-4695-83E0-33DB9F268A83
TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Brazil. • ♀; Gruna Boca da Lapa cave, Feira da Mata , state of Bahia; 13°56’46.4”S, 44°11’12”W; 544 m a.s.l.; 15.X.2020; M. E. Bichuette, D. F. Torres, J. S. Gallo, L. S. Horta & J. E. Gallão leg.; LES 28002 About LES . GoogleMaps
Paratypes. Brazil • 6♀ (one with parts in micropreparations); same data as holotype; LES 28003 About LES GoogleMaps .
ETYMOLOGY. — The new species is named after Exu, a divinity of the Candomblé Afro-Brazilian religion. In the Candomblé, Exu is the messenger of the orixás divinities, transiting between the world of humans and the gods. He is considered the owner of the paths, the crossroads, the perspectives, the past, and the future, and he is responsible for order and disorder.
DESCRIPTION
Maximum body length: 6.5 mm. Color brown with typical muscle insertion spots; cephalon, pereonite 1, pereonite 2-7 posterior portions, pleon, telson and uropods strongly pigmented. Body ( Fig. 27A View FIG ) strongly convex, bearing triangular tubercles, arranged as follows: vertex of cephalon with eight tubercles in two rows; pereonite 1 with 13 tubercles in three rows; pereonite 2 with 11 tubercles in two rows; pereonites 3 and 4 with nine tubercles in two rows; pereonites 5-7 with seven tubercles in one row; pleonites 5 and telson with two tubercles on median portion ( Fig. 27B View FIG ). Dorsal surface with semi-circular scale-setae ( Fig. 27C View FIG ). Noduli laterales short, inserted on outer part of second tubercle from lateral margins ( Fig. 27A View FIG ). Cephalon ( Fig. 27A, D, E View FIG ) with frontal shield prominent, distinctly protruding above vertex; eyes with 10 ommatidia; pereonite 1-7 epimera ( Fig. 27A View FIG , E-H) strongly concave; pereonite 1 epimera with rounded, lateral margin grooved on posterior corner for about one quarter of its length, inner lobe of schisma rounded, not extending beyond posterior margin of outer lobe; pereonite 2-7 epimera ( Fig. 27F, I, J View FIG ) triangular and elongated; pereonite 2 epimera with narrow and rounded lobe directed outwards ( Fig. 27F, J View FIG ); pereonites 3 and 4 without lobe; pereonites 5-7 with ventral sulcus ( Fig. 27F View FIG ). Pleonite 3-5 epimera ( Fig. 27K View FIG ) triangular; telson ( Fig. 27K, L View FIG ) dorsum slightly depressed, distal margin slightly convex. Antennula ( Fig. 27M View FIG ) with proximal and distal articles similar in length, distal article bearing about six aesthetascs inserted apically and subapically. Antenna ( Fig. 27N View FIG ) short, not surpassing posterior margin of pereonite 1 when extended backwards; flagellum distal article about three times as long as first, bearing two lateral aesthetascs. Mandibles ( Fig. 28A, B View FIG ) with molar penicil dichotomized. Maxillula ( Fig. 28C View FIG ) inner endite bearing two penicils, distal margin rounded; outer endite of 4+6 teeth, outer set apically entire. Maxilla ( Fig. 28D View FIG ) inner lobe covered with thick setae; outer lobe three times as wide as inner lobe covered with thin setae. Maxilliped ( Fig. 28E View FIG ) basis rectangular bearing sparse setae; proximal article of palp with two distinct setae; endite subrectangular, medial seta surpassing distal margin, ventral sulcus setose ending with short seta. Uropod ( Fig. 29A, B View FIG ) protopod enlarged on basal part, distal part subtriangular, broad, medial margin concave; endopod short bearing setae; exopod short inserted dorsally on distinct lobe near medial margin. Pereopods 1-7 ( Fig. 29C, D View FIG ) with sparse setae along sternal margin; pereopod 1 carpus with longitudinal antenna-grooming brush; dactylus of two claws, ungual and dactylar setae simple, not surpassing outer claw. Pleopod 1 exopod (not drawn) sub-circular, twice as wide as long, outer portion narrow, median portion rounded bearing five small setae. Pleopod 2 exopod ( Fig. 29E View FIG ) triangular, outer margin concave. Pleopod 3 and 4 exopods as in Figure 29F, G View FIG , respectively. Pleopod 5 exopod ( Fig. 29H View FIG ) rhomboid, distal margin almost straight bearing many setae.
REMARKS
Within Oniscidea , most of the morphological characters used in taxonomy to describe and distinguish species are those of males (e.g., Taiti & Ferrara 1980; Leistikow 1999; Campos-Filho et al. 2015a; Reboleira et al. 2015). As mentioned previously, though, conglobating representatives, especially within the Armadillidae View in CoL , male characters are not always useful, e.g., in Ctenorillo View in CoL , Tuberillo Schultz, 1982 View in CoL , and Venezillo View in CoL ( Van Name 1936; Schmalfuss & Ferrara 1983; Taiti & Gruber 2010). Thus, other characters, such as the conglobating mechanism, the presence and arrangement of dorsal tubercles (in tuberculated animals), and the shape of the lateral schisma of pereonite 1 (if present), are useful to distinguish species, even in the absence of males. Diploexochus exu Campos-Filho, Sfenthourakis & Bichuette , n. sp. easily differs in the shape and arrangement of dorsal tubercles. Moreover, it can be distinguished in having the pereonite 1 epimera with lateral groove of about one quarter of the length of the epimeron (vs all epimeron grooved in D. echinatus , D. carrapicho Campos-Filho, López-Orozco & Taiti , n. sp., and D. spinatus View in CoL ; about two thirds of the epimeron lenth in D. obscurus View in CoL ), telson with distal margin slightly convex (vs concave in D. echinatus ; slightly concave in D. carrapicho Campos-Filho, López-Orozco & Taiti , n. sp.; slightly convex in D. obscurus View in CoL ; straight in D. spinatus View in CoL ), eyes composed of about 10 ommatidia (vs about 20 in D. echinatus and D. spinatus View in CoL ; 16 in D. obscurus View in CoL ), mandibles with molar penicil semi-dichotomized (vs simple in all other species), and uropod protopod with distal portion subquadrangular (vs subrectangular in D. echinatus , D. obscurus View in CoL , and D. spinatus View in CoL ; triangular in D. carrapicho Campos-Filho, López-Orozco & Taiti , n. sp.) (see also Campos-Filho et al. 2017; Cardoso et al. 2023).
This species is considered to be a troglophile due to the absence of troglomorphic characteristics. It probably inhabits caves to exploit their resources and favourable micro-habitat conditions ( Fernandes et al. 2016, 2019).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
Kingdom |
|
Phylum |
|
Class |
|
Order |
|
Family |
|
Genus |
Diploexochus exu Campos-Filho, Sfenthourakis & Bichuette
Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Sfenthourakis, Spyros, Gallo, Jéssica Scaglione, Gallão, Jonas Eduardo, Torres, Dayana Ferreira, Chagas-Jr, Amazonas, Horta, Lília, Carpio-Díaz, Yesenia Margarita, López-Orozco, Carlos Mario, Borja-Arrieta, Ricardo, Araujo, Paula Beatriz, Taiti, Stefano & Bichuette, Maria Elina 2023 |
Diploexochus exu
Campos-Filho, Sfenthourakis & Bichuette 2023 |
D. carrapicho Campos-Filho, López-Orozco & Taiti
Campos-Filho, Lopez-Orozco & Taiti 2023 |
D. spinatus
Cardoso, Bastos-Pereira & Ferreira 2023 |
D. obscurus
Cardoso, Bastos-Pereira & Ferreira 2023 |
D. carrapicho Campos-Filho, López-Orozco & Taiti
Campos-Filho, Lopez-Orozco & Taiti 2023 |
D. obscurus
Cardoso, Bastos-Pereira & Ferreira 2023 |
D. spinatus
Cardoso, Bastos-Pereira & Ferreira 2023 |
D. spinatus
Cardoso, Bastos-Pereira & Ferreira 2023 |
D. obscurus
Cardoso, Bastos-Pereira & Ferreira 2023 |
D. obscurus
Cardoso, Bastos-Pereira & Ferreira 2023 |
D. spinatus
Cardoso, Bastos-Pereira & Ferreira 2023 |
D. carrapicho Campos-Filho, López-Orozco & Taiti
Campos-Filho, Lopez-Orozco & Taiti 2023 |
Diploexochus exu
Campos-Filho, Sfenthourakis & Bichuette 2023 |
Diploexochus exu
Campos-Filho, Sfenthourakis & Bichuette 2023 |
Tuberillo
Schultz 1982 |
Ctenorillo
Verhoeff 1942 |
Venezillo
Verhoeff 1928 |
Armadillidae
Brandt 1831 |