Digonis cervinaria ( Blanchard, 1852 ), 2024

Ramos-González, Mario I., Venegas-González, María Francisca, Zamora-Manzur, Carlos & Parra, Luis E., 2024, Revision of the genus Digonis (Lepidoptera, Geometridae): new species and new genera, ZooKeys 1216, pp. 173-200 : 173-200

Digonis cervinaria ( Blanchard, 1852) stat. rev.

Figs 2 E – J , 4

Ennomos cervinaria Blanchard, 1852: 89.

Drepanogynis eversaria Guenée, 1858: 93 (unnecessary replacement name)

Digonis cervinaria ( Blanchard, 1852); Scoble 1999: 229; Pitkin 2002: 248.

Digonis cuprea Butler, 1882: 362; Bartlett-Calvert 1886: 333; Angulo and Casanueva 1981: 12; Scoble 1999: 229; Pitkin 2002: 248. syn. nov.

Digonis cuprea fusca Butler, 1882: 362; Bartlett-Calvert 1886: 333; Angulo and Casanueva 1981: 12; Scoble 1999: 229; Pitkin 2002: 248. syn. nov.

Digonis cuprea olivacea Butler, 1882: 362; Bartlett-Calvert 1886: 333; Angulo and Casanueva 1981: 12; Scoble 1999: 229; Pitkin 2002: 248. syn. nov.

Material examined.

Syntypes. Chile • 1 female; Coquimbo ; C. Gay leg.; “ Digonis cervinaria ” [labeled]; MNHN • 1 female; Valparaíso; T. Edmonds leg.; “ Digonis cuprea ” [labeled]; “ Chili, 82-107 ”; “ Type ” [labeled]; NHMUK • 2 males; same data as for preceding but “ var. fusca ” [labeled]; “ Type ” [labeled] “ Chili, 82-107 ” [labeled] and “ cuprea olivacea ” [labeled]; “ Type ” [labeled]; “ Chili, 82-107 ” [labeled]; all NHMUK .

Other material examined.

Chile — Valparaíso Prov. • Viña del Mar ; 8-VIII-1954; “ Museo 5343 ” [Museum ID]; MNNC ) • 1 female; Viña del Mar ; 18-IV-1953; “ Museo 5018 ” [Museum ID]; “ Mirg- 015 ” [genitalia slide]; MNNC ; • 1 male; Viña del Mar ; 15-X-1953; “ Museo 5349 ” [Museum ID]; MNNC • 1 male; Viña del Mar ; 15-VIII-1953; “ Museo 5342 ” [Museum ID]; MNNC • 1 female; Viña del Mar ; 12-IX-1953; “ Museo 5350 ” [Museum ID]; MNNC • 1 male; Laguna Verde ; 10-X-1936; E. Ureta leg.; “ Museo 5014 ” [Museum ID]; MNNC . — Marga Marga Prov. • 1 male; Poza Azul, Marga Marga ; 14-XII-1953; “ Museo 5346 ” [Museum ID]; MNNC . — Cordillera Prov. • 1 male; La Obra ; 26-III-1953; “ Museo 5373 ” [Museum ID]; MNNC . — Cachapoal Prov. • 1 female; Termas de Cauquenes ; 11-I-1953; E. Ureta leg.; “ Museo 5006 ” [Museum ID]; “ Mirg- 013 ” [genitalia slide] • 1 male; Termas de Cauquenes ; 11-I-1953; E. Ureta leg.; “ Museo 5023 ” [Museum ID]; MNNC . — Talca Prov. 1 female; Panguilemo, La Calor ; 1-II-2005; L. Parra leg.; “ Mirg- 009 ” [genitalia slide]; MZUC-UCCC . — Diguillín Prov. • 1 female; Las Trancas ; 29-V-2011; G. Moreno leg.; “ Mirg- 016 ” [genitalia slide]; MZUC-UCCC . — Concepción Prov. • 1 female; Concepción ; 6-I-1961; Trampas leg.; MZUC-UCCC . — Malleco Prov. • 1 female; Río Blanco, Curacautín ; II-1995; H. Thöny leg.; ZSM . — Cautín Prov. • 1 female; Termas de Río Blanco ; III-1951; MZUC-UCCC . — Valdivia Prov. • 1 female; Valdivia ; I-1974; Cameron leg.; MZUC-UCCC . — Osorno Prov. • 1 female; Puerto Octay ; 11-III-1956; Oehrens leg.; “ Museo ” [labeled]; MNNC . — Palena Prov. • Fjord Comau, Huinay Station , - 42.381111, - 72.414722, 20 m; 8-I-2008; A. Hausmann leg.; ZSM .

Additional records.

Chile — Itata Prov. • La Palma ; - 36.567339, - 72.689122; 09-VI-2021; observed by Claudio Maureira and submitted to iNaturalist in: https://inaturalist.mma.gob.cl/observations/85725251 . — Concepción Prov. • Concepción ; - 36.7928173278, - 73.0525010616; 13-XII-2022; observed by Antonio Maureira Navarrete and submitted to iNaturalist in: https://inaturalist.mma.gob.cl/observations/144446817 . — Cautín Prov. • Molco ; - 39.3393898652, - 72.0921077239; 25-XII-2022; observed by Michael Weymann and submitted to iNaturalist in: https://inaturalist.mma.gob.cl/observations/145759642 . • Molco; - 39.3394188914, - 72.0921402457; 25-XII-2022; observed by Michael Weymann and submitted to iNaturalist in: https://inaturalist.mma.gob.cl/observations/145759626 . Osorno Prov. • Osorno ; - 40.565282, - 73.161883; 31-I-2021; observed by Ricardo Huenuanca and submitted to iNaturalist in: https://inaturalist.mma.gob.cl/observations/68898181 • Osorno; - 40.565277, - 73.162024; 3-I-2021; observed by Ricardo Huenuanca and submitted to iNaturalist in: https://inaturalist.mma.gob.cl/observations/67871022 . — Llanquihue Prov . • Las Cascadas; - 41.0799870456, - 72.6350197924; 6-V-2023; observed by Mario Ramos and submitted to iNaturalist in: https://inaturalist.mma.gob.cl/observations/164957877 . — Chiloé Prov. • Puntra ; - 42.119003, - 73.81765; 27-II-2022; observed by Waldo Moyano and submitted to iNaturalist in: https://inaturalist.mma.gob.cl/observations/107842416 .

Diagnosis.

This species can be distinguished externally from other Digonis species by having elongated whitish spots at the level of veins R 3, R 4, R 5, M 1, M 2, M 3, CuA 1, CuA 2, and 1 A + 2 A in postmedial region, also visible on ventral view. Male genitalia are characterized by the presence of a needle-shaped furca that surpasses the height of the transtilla, with only apical spines; costa strongly sclerotized with distal lobe, expanded before apex with truncated edge, and spatulate transtilla; aedeagus with a narrow and elongated caecum, one-third of the total length of the aedeagus.

Redescription.

Male (Fig. 2 E – G ). Head: antennae slightly serrate; palpi short, subequal to eye diameter, porrect; frons and vertex covered with juxtaposed brownish scales. Thorax: patagia covered with elongated scales of same color as background; tegulae covered with piliform scales of same color as background; tibial spur formula 0-2 - 4. Forewings: subtriangular with acute apex and outer margin excavated between apex and M 3, with slight mucronate extension; fovea absent; background color variable, ranging from olive-brown to dark brown; antemedial band dark brown to blackish, slightly sinuous; medial band diffuse, blackish to smoky brown, slightly oblique and in contact with postmedial band near anal margin; postmedial band dark brown, slightly sinuous with the costal sector, near apex, strongly arched, and with elongated whitish spots at the level of veins R 3, R 4, R 5, M 1, M 2, M 3, CuA 1, CuA 2, and 1 A + 2 A, also visible on ventral view; subterminal band diffuse and marked only by dark spots in subapical region; discal spot visible, punctiform, and blackish. Hindwings: subrectangular with small mucronate apex at the level of M 3; background color grayish brown; postmedial band dark brown, slightly smoky, marked by elongated whitish spots at the level of veins, only visible on ventral surface; discal spot visible only on ventral surface. Male genitalia (Fig. 4 A, B ). Uncus conical, apically halberd-shaped; gnathos U-shaped with an expanded apex forming a pair of spiny lobes; valvae subrectangular, costa strongly sclerotized with a distal lobe before the apex, truncated, slightly convex, and cucullus extending beyond the apex of the costa; transtilla spatulate; saccus membranous; juxta emarginated anteriorly, with a median dimple, and furca straight, longitudinally striated, long, surpassing the height of the transtilla, needle-shaped, spiny only apically; anellus sclerite weakly defined. Aedeagus tubular, straight; caecum narrow and elongated, one-third of the total length of the aedeagus; vesica without cornuti.

Female (Fig. 2 H – J ). Similar to male, but with simple filiform antennae, Σ-shaped antemedial band, and zigzagging subterminal band. Female genitalia (Fig. 4 C ). Ductus bursae one-fourth the length of the corpus bursae; lamella antevaginalis, sclerotized; corpus bursae membranous, subpyriform with an annular, hollow, strongly denticulated signum anteriorly; posterior apophyses three times longer than the anterior apophyses.

Distribution.

This species is found between the Elqui and Palena provinces. It is distributed in parts of the biogeographic provinces of Coquimbo and Santiago, Central Chilean subregion; Maule and Valdivian Forest, Subantarctic subregion, in the Andean region.

Flight period.

Specimens were captured or observed in January, February, March, April, May, June, August, September, October, and December. There are no records for other months.

Figures

Figure 2. Habitus of Digonis adults A Digonis aspersa (male in dorsal view) B Digonis aspersa (male brown-morpho in dorsal view) C Digonis aspersa (male brown-morpho in ventral view) D Digonis aspersa (female in dorsal view) E Digonis cervinaria, stat. rev. (male olivaceous-morpho in dorsal view) F Digonis cervinaria, stat. rev. (male olivaceous-morpho in ventral view) G Digonis cervinaria, stat. rev. (male fuscous-morpho in dorsal view) H Digonis cervinaria, stat. rev. (female in dorsal view) I Digonis cervinaria, stat. rev. (female olivaceous-morpho in ventral view) J Digonis cervinaria, stat. rev. (female brown-morpho in ventral view) K Digonis punctifera (male in dorsal view; photo courtesy of A. Hausmann) L Digonis punctifera (female in dorsal view) M Digonis gungnir Ramos-González & Parra, sp. nov. (holotype in dorsal view) N Digonis apocrypha Ramos-González & Parra, sp. nov. (holotype in dorsal view) O Digonis apocrypha Ramos-González & Parra, sp. nov. (holotype in ventral view) P Phasmadigonis alba, comb. nov. (male in dorsal view) Q Gugnelve butleri Ramos-González & Parra, sp. nov. (holotype in dorsal view) R Gugnelve butleri Ramos-González & Parra, sp. nov. (allotype in dorsal view). Scale bar: 10 mm.

Figure 4. Genitalia of Digonis cervinaria, stat. rev. A male genitalia in ventral view B aedeagus in lateral view C female genitalia in ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.