Dichotomius (Dichotomius) cotopaxi ( Guerin-Meneville , 1855)

Chamorro, William, Marin-Armijos, Diego, senjo, Angelico & Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z., 2019, Scarabaeinae dung beetles from Ecuador: a catalog, nomenclatural acts, and distribution records, ZooKeys 826, pp. 1-343 : 107-110

Dichotomius (Dichotomius) cotopaxi ( Guerin-Meneville, 1855) Plate 24D

Copris cotopaxi Guérin-Méneville, 1855: 588 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador).

Pinotus cotopaxi : Harold 1869c: 132 (redescription); Gemminger and Harold 1869: 1009 (complete list of species); Harold 1875b: 104 (comment, cited for Ecuador); Bates 1891: 26 (cited for Ecuador); Gillet 1911a: 60 (complete list of species); Campos 1921: 56 (cited for Ecuador); Luederwaldt 1929: 45 (characters in key); Balthasar 1941: 349 (cited for Peru); Blackwelder 1944: 207 (list of species of Latin America); Balthasar 1951: 334 (cited for Peru).

Dichotomius cotopaxi : Pereira 1953: 389 (cited as new combination, comment); Carvajal et al. 2011: 320-321 (cited for Ecuador,); Krajcik 2012: 91 (complete list of species); Arias-Buriticá and Vaz-de-Mello, 2013: 216 (morphology, figure 3); Ratcliffe et al. 2015: 196 (cited for Peru).

Dichotomius (Dichotomius) cotopaxi : Chamorro et al. 2018: 89 (figure 12E), 94 (cited for Ecuador).

Copris scalpellum Taschenberg, 1870: 181 (original description); Harold 1875b: 104 (synonym of Pinotus cotopaxi Guérin, 1855); Luederwaldt 1929: 45 (cited as synonym of Pinotus cotopaxi Guérin, 1855); Pereira 1953: 389 (synonym of Dichotomius cotopaxi Guérin, 1855).

Pinotus abnormis Luederwaldt, 1923: 3 (original description); Luederwaldt 1929: 46 (characters in key); Blackwelder 1944: 206 (list of species of Latin America); Pereira 1953: 389 (synonym of Dichotomius cotopaxi Guérin, 1855).

Type specimens.

Copris cotopaxi Guérin-Méneville, 1855. Type material not examined.

Copris scalpellum Taschenberg, 1870. One syntype examined deposited at the MLHU. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.

Syntype (sex unknown): "Scalpellum / Tascher. 1870 / Loja (Ecuad) Wallis [hw, black margin]", "MLU.- Halle / WB Zoologie / S.- Nr. 81415 [p and hw]".

Pinotus abnormis Luederwaldt, 1923. Six syntypes examined deposited at the MZUSP. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.

Syntype (♂): "ECUADOR / Bannos / II. 12. 05 F. Ohs. [p]", "Pinotus ♂ / abnormis Lüd. / Lüd. det. 22 [hw]", " forma a [hw]", "17256 [p]", "COTIPO [p, pink label]".

Syntype (♀): "Colta 3400 m. / F. Ohs. 9. 7. 05 [p]", "Pinotus ♀ / abnornis Lüd. / Lüd. det. 22 [hw]", "17255 [p]", "COTIPO [p, pink label]".

Syntype (♂): " S. Ecuador / Loja / F. Ohs. 6. 10. 05 [p]", "Pinotus ♂ / abnornis Lüd. / Lüd. det. 22. / forma b. [hw]", "17257 [p]", "COTIPO [p, pink label]".

Syntype (♀): "Loja Calvario / F. Ohs. 5. 8. 05 [p]", "Pinotus ♀ / abnornis Lüd. / Lüd. det. 22. / forma b. [hw]", "17258 [p]", "COTIPO [p, pink label]".

Syntype (♂): "Riobamba / Cubillin 3500 m / F. Ohs. 5. 7. 05 [p]", "Pinotus ♂ / abnornis Lüd. / Lüd. det. 22 [hw]", "17259 [p]", "COTIPO [p, pink label]".

Syntype (♂): "Riobamba / Cubillin 3500 m / F. Ohs. 5. 7. 05 [p]", "COTIPO [p, pink label]", "17258 [p]", "Pinotus ♂ / abnornis Lüd. / Lüd. det. 22 [hw]".

Distribution.

Ecuador and Peru.

Records examined.

AZUAY: SigSig (3 specimens MQCAZ). BOLIVAR: Cashca Totoras (3 specimens MQCAZ); Santiago (2 specimens MQCAZ). CAÑAR: El Tambo (2 specimens MQCAZ); road to Taday, 3370 m (1 specimen MUTPL). COTOPAXI: Callo Caspi, Parque Nacional Cotopaxi (5 specimens MQCAZ); Cusubamba (2 specimens MQCAZ); Latacunga (4 specimens MQCAZ); Laso, 3400 m (3 specimens MQCAZ); Salcedo (4 specimens MQCAZ). CHIMBORAZO: Candelaria, 3050 (2 specimen CEMT); Colta, 3400 m (1 specimen MZUSP); Penipe (1 specimen MQCAZ); Riobamba-Cubillin, 3500 m (1 specimen MZUSP). LOJA: Angashcola, 2740 m (5 specimen MUTPL); Argelia (3 specimen MQCAZ); Loja, Amauta (1 specimen MUTPL); Loja, Cerro El Villonaco, 2740 m (4 specimen MUTPL); Rocafuerte, 2900 m (1 specimen CEMT); San Lucas, 2475 m (2 specimens MQCAZ); without specific locality (1 specimen MLHU, 1 specimen MZUSP). TUNGURAGUA: Bannos [= Baños] (1 specimen MZUSP); Baños (3 specimens CEMT); Baños, El Pelotero (1 specimen MQCAZ); Pillaro, 2850 m (2 specimens CEMT).

Literature records.

BOLIVAR: Telimbela ( Campos 1921: 56). CHIMBORAZO: Chunchi ( Campos 1921: 56); Riobamba-Cubillin, 3500 m ( Luederwaldt 1923: 3). LOJA: Colta, 3400 m ( Luederwaldt 1923: 3); Loja, El Calvario ( Luederwaldt 1923: 3); without specific locality ( Harold 1875b: 104; Luederwaldt 1923: 3; Taschenberg 1870: 181). Pichincha: Nanegal ( Campos 1921: 56); Mindo ( Campos 1921: 56). TUNGURAGUA: Bannos [= Bannos]. UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: La Asuncion ( Campos 1921: 56); Pacific slopes, below 1400 feet ( Bates 1891: 26).

Temporal data.

Collected in January, February, March, April, May, June, October, November, and December.

Remarks.

Inhabits the montane cloud forests and the evergreen high montane forest from of the Andean region from 2270-3500 m a.s.l. Collected manually and with pitfall traps baited with human feces. According to our data, D. cotopaxi is distributed across the eastern side of the Andes. However, Campos (1921) cited the following four localities for this species: Telimbela, La Asunción, Mindo, and Nanegal, all located in the western side of the Andes, below 2000 m a.s.l. It is possible that these specimens were misidentified.