Cyrtomenus ciliatus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805)

Avendaño, José Mauricio, Correia, Maíra Andrade, Grazia, Jocelia & Schwertner, Cristiano Feldens, 2024, Review and phylogeny of Cyrtomenus Amyot & Serville (Hemiptera: Cydnidae: Cydninae) based on morphological characters, Zootaxa 5453 (3), pp. 301-340 : 324-327

Cyrtomenus ciliatus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805)

( Figs. 1F , 6O, 6R , 11 , 12 )

Pentatoma ciliata Palisot de Beauvois, 1805: 186 , pl.11, fig. 6.

Cyrtomenus castaneus Amyot & Serville 1843: 91 ; Walker: 1867: 147; Stål: 1876: 18; (syn. by Froeschner, 1960).

Cydnus ciliatus ; Amyot & Serville, 1843: 92.

Cyrtomenus mutabilis ; Walker, 1867: 147; Uhler: 1877: 367.

Pentatoma ciliata “loc. incert.”; Stål, 1876: 26.

Cyrtomenus ciliatus ; Berg, 1879: 9.

Cyrtomenus mirabilis ; Berg 1879: 9; Distant 1880, 3; Signoret 1881b: 199; Uhler 1886: 3; Lethierry & Severin 1893: 62; Banks 1910: 99; Van Duzee 1917:18; Torre Bueno 1939: 177; (syn. by Froeschner, 1960).

Cyrtomenus (Cyrtomenus) ciliatus ; Froeschner; 1960: 530.

Material examined: USA: Alabama: 1♀, Mobile co. , Mobile, 11-Jun-27, 245282, AMNH ; Arizona: 1♀, Gila, Base Pinal Mts , 1-Jul-30, Parker, 1961, NMNH ; 1♂, Gila co. , Globe, D.K. Duncan, AMNH ; 2♂, 2♀, Santa Cruz co., Patagonia. Sonoita River , 18-Jul-48, C. & P. Vaurie, AMNH ; Florida: 1♀, Tallahassee, 17 Mi N. Tall Timbers. Res. Sta., 16-Jun-67, 24-Jun-67, L. Collins, NMNH ; 1♀, Tallahassee, 17 Mi N. Tall Timbers. Res. Sta., 18-Jun-67, 24-Jun-67, P. Jinright, NMNH ; 1♂, 1♀, Columbia co., Lake City , 09/26/1957, Kistler, AMNH ; 1♀, Dade co. , N Miami, 14-Jul-53, R . Schrammel , 245208, AMNH ; 1♀, Marion co. , Dunnellon, 17-Jul-33, Packard, 253880, AMNH ; Georgia, 1♂, Grady co. , Sherwood Plant., 11-Jul-67, J. Neel, NMNH ; North Carolina, 1♀, Halifax, 12 km W Enfield. , 8-Jul-83, Steiner, NMNH ; 1♀, Moore co., Southern Pines , 13-Jul-15, A. Manee, 253845, AMNH ; New Jersey: 1♂, Ocean co. , Stafford. Manahawkin, 16-Aug-43, L. Sanford, 253854, AMNH ; South Carolina: 1♀, Charleston, JL Rogers, 52801, MACN ; 1♀, Beaufort, Parris Island , 25-Sep-37, M.S. Stevenson, NMNH ; Texas: 1♂, Hartley co. , Brasso Well, 225548, AMNH ; 1♀, Wichita co., Burkburnett. Red River , 26-Jun-48, C. & P. Vaurie, 253842, AMNH ; MÉXICO: Chihuahua: 1♀, Meoqui , 6 mi NE Meoqui, 2-Sep-50, R . Smith , AMNH ; Oaxaca: 1♂, Tehuantepec, Santo Domingo Tehuantepec, 12-Jul-55, C. & P. Vaurie, AMNH ; Tamaulipas: 1♀, Antiguo Morelos, San Luis de Potosi. El Salto, 28-Jun-53, C. & P. Vaurie, AMNH ; 1♀, Antiguo Morelos, San Luis de Potosi. El Salto , 21-Jun-55, C. & P. Vaurie, AMNH ; Nuevo León: 1♂, Aramberri, 24-Sep-83, A. Ibarra, UNAM ; San Pedro: 1♂, 2♀, Coattuila, 1-Sep-75, H. Brailovsky, UNAM ; ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires: 1♀ , Buenos Aires, Flores , 6-Feb-19, MLPA ; 1♀, 1-Feb-18, MLPA ; 2♂, 2♀, J. Boso, MLPA ; La Rioja: 1♂, MLPA .

Diagnosis: Half width of the eye surpassing the mandibular plate margin.

Redescription. Total length: 7.6–9.0 mm.

Head: Surface noticeably convex ( Fig. 12B ), shining, with prominent coarse rugae radiating from base of clypeus, minutely punctate; anterior outline somewhat triangular, mandibular plates slightly longer than clypeus and convergent beyond it; eyes projecting by about one-half their width ( Fig. 12B ); bucculae less than half as high as labial II, latter without semicircular foliaceous lobe; labium apex reaching between meso- and metacoxae ( Fig. 12D ).

Thorax: Pronotum with lateral submarginal row of 12 to 14 setigerous punctures; transverse impression weak, marked by regular, sometimes medially interrupted row of coarse punctures; anterior lobe with punctures confined to subapical band and lateral patch; posterior lobe almost impunctate with few scattered, coarse punctures medially. Scutellum disc with few to several widely scattered, coarse punctures ( Fig. 12B ). Hemelytron polished; clavus with one submedian row of punctures; mesocorium with two rows paralleling claval suture, punctation moderate and abundant; costa with six to eight setigerous punctures ( Figs 12A, 12D ). Propleuron shining, with few coarse punctures in depression. Mesopleural evaporatorium not interrupted by pseudoperitreme ( Fig. 12C ), lateral margin bisinuate; posterolateral area shining, impunctate. Legs densely covered by long setae; metatibia with greatest diameter equaling that of protibia ( Fig. 12D ).

Abdomen: Sternites III to VI polished, with rows of setigerous punctures across segments ( Fig. 12D ).

Distribution: United States, Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica, Argentina First record— ( Fig. 11 ).

Remarks: This species is very close to C. crassus differing only by the outline form of the head and the part of the eyes projected out of the head. The morphological similarity of these two species and even with C. mirabilis , makes doubt about their status, that which has been discussed and their relations remain unclear. However, C. mirabilis shows features different enough to distinguish it from the other two species and presents a wide distribution in central and South America while C. crassus do not reach far north of South America, but is common along with C. ciliatus , in southern North America. Despite the blurred boundaries between C. ciliatus and C. crassus there is no strong evidence to believe that is necessary to make changes in the actual classification, but probably molecular analysis could bring enlightnment on this matter.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Terminology used: (A) evaporatorium—Tominotus ondulatus Avendaño, 2017; (B) female external genitalia— Pangaeus (Pangaues) serripes (Westwood, 1787); (C) pygofore dorsal view—Cyrtomenus mirabilis (Perty, 1830); (D) spermatheca—C. mirabilis; (E) phallus ventral view—C. mirabilis; (F) phallus apex lateral view—C. ciliatus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805). ala, anterolateral area; am, apical margin; di, dilation; dd, distal duct; df, distal flange; dr, dorsal rim; gcVIII, gonocoxite VIII; gcIX, gonocoxite IX; gonapophyses IX: gpIX; in, invagination; ip, intermediate part; laVIII, laterotergite VIII; laIX, laterotergite IX; mse, mesopleural evaporatorium; mte metapleural evaporatorium; nd, “neck” duct; pa, posterior area; pca, processus capitati; pd, proximal duct; pe, peritreme; pf, proximal flange; pht, phallotheca; pla, posterolateral area; pr, paramere; pse; pseudoperitreme; pv, processus vesicae; rs, ring sclerites; so, spermathecal opening; sr, seminal receptacle; stVII, sternum VII; sX, segment X; v, vesica; vp, vaginal pouch; 2pc, second conjunctival appendage.

FIGURE 6. Male genitalia: ((A) Sehirus cinctus (Palisot, 1811); (B) Scaptocoris minor Berg, 1894; (C) Cydnus aterrimus (Forster, 1771); (D) Prolobodes giganteus (Burmeister, 1835); (E) Cyrtomenus teter (Spinola, 1837); (F) C. emarginatus Stål, 1862—pygophore dorsal: (G) Ectinopus rugoscutum Signoret 1881b; (H) Microporus obliquus Uhler, 1872; (I) Rhytidoporus indentatus Uhler, 1877; (J) C. mirabilis (Perty, 1830)—phallus dorsal: (K) Ectinopus rugoscutum; (L) C. crassus Walker, 1867; (M) Prolobodes giganteus—phallus Lateral: (N) C. mirabilis; (O) C. ciliatus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805)—left paramere: (P) Ectinopus rugoscutum; (Q) Prolobodes giganteus (Photo by María Cristina Mayorga); (R) C. ciliatus; (S) C. mirabilis. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 11. Distribution map of C. ciliatus, C. crassus and C. teter.

FIGURE 12. C. ciliatus: (A) dorsal view; (B) head dorsal; (C) evaporatorium; (D) latero-ventral view. Scale bar: 1 mm.