Cyrtandra kinhoi Karton. & H.J.Atkins

Atkins, H. J. & Kartonegoro, A., 2021, A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF CYRTANDRA (GESNERIACEAE) IN SULAWESI, INDONESIA, Edinburgh Journal of Botany 78 (364), pp. 1-122 : 61-64

18. Cyrtandra kinhoi Karton. & H.J.Atkins , Edinburgh J. Bot. 75(2): 190 (2018) [kinhoii].

– Type: Indonesia, Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, Mt Ambang Nature Reserve, Paya Paya , near Sinsingon village , 2 xi 2016, Barber, Atkins, Kartonegoro & Kinho BAKK36 (holotype BO; isotypes E, L) . Figure 32 .

Shrub 1–3 m or small tree 6–7 m in height. Stems tessellate, glabrous, sparsely hairy on younger growth, woody. Leaves opposite; subequal to somewhat unequal; petioles 1.5–2 cm long; blades 30–60 × 10–15 cm, narrow elliptic or narrow obovate to oblanceolate, usually crowded at the ends of branches, rarely obtuse, base decurrent, margin serrate, apex short-acuminate; 10–20 pairs of lateral veins and reticulate tertiary venation, curving upwards and running out to the margin, occasionally branching near the margin, glabrous, midgreen above, sparsely hairy and paler green below, more densely hairy on midrib and veins and occasionally flushed red at base of leaf. Inflorescences axillary, sessile, congested, with up to c.15 flowers at various stages of development; bracts oblong-lanceolate, light green, flushed slightly reddish, leathery, 30–45 × 20–25 mm, subglabrous to sparsely hairy, slightly warty, apex acute or short-acuminate, caducous; bracteoles lanceolate, light green, subglabrous c.3 × 1 cm, leathery, apex acuminate; pedicels 4–7 mm long, light green, glabrous to sparsely hairy. Calyx tubular, 21–25 mm long, light green to dark reddish brown, sparsely hairy, warty at base, lobes acuminate, lower lobes divided c. 12 mm from apex, upper lobes less deeply divided, 8–10 mm from apex, densely hairy. Corolla white or flushed slightly pink, 30–35 mm long, narrow in basal 1/3 to 1/2, gradually widening to mouth, glandular hairy on outer surface, densely so on inner surface, lobes strongly recurved, upper lobes rounded, 6 × 5 mm, lower and lateral lobes rounded to slightly oblong, 5–10 × 5–7 mm, lobes with dense covering of glandular hairs. Stamens with filaments 2–8 mm long, attached 12–20 mm above the base of corolla, glabrous, light green; anthers 2–3 mm long, coherent at apices, cream; staminodes 3, laterals c. 1.5 mm long, central c. 0.5 mm long. Gynoecium 25–30 mm long; disc cupular with undulate margin, lower on one side, glabrous, 2–3 mm long; ovary glabrous; style white, glabrous, becoming slightly hairy towards apex on some collections; stigma light green, bilobed, lobes 3–4 × 2–3 mm across, vertical or spreading, densely glandular hairy on inner surface of lobes. Fruits ovoid, glabrous, 10–15 × 5–8 mm, green when unripe; bracts and calyx not persistent, base of style occasionally persistent.

Distribution. North Sulawesi and Gorontalo (see Figure 35 ).

Habitat and ecology. Hill and upland forest at an altitude of 700–1300 m.

Etymology. Named after Julianus Kinho, researcher at the Forestry Research Institute of Manado, North Sulawesi and one of the collectors of the type specimen ( Kartonegoro et al., 2018).

Proposed IUCN conservation category. Based on the current distribution of Cyrtandra kinhoi , now confined to the northern arm of Sulawesi, its EOO is 4053 km 2 and its AOO is 32 km 2, based on a 2 × 2 km grid cell size, under the B criteria ( Bachman et al., 2011). Some of the collection localities fall within the Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park and the Mount Ambang Nature Reserve (UNEP-WCMC & IUCN, 2019), which provide their populations with some protection, but the remaining populations are from the more densely populated areas around Menado and Tomohon. Given the restricted distribution of Cyrtandra kinhoi and its proximity to some of the more heavily populated areas of Sulawesi, this species is considered Vulnerable (VU), B1ab(iii) + 2ab(iii).

Additional specimens examined. INDONESIA. North Sulawesi. East Bolaang Mongondow: Mt Ambang, 3 xi 2016, Barber et al. BAKK65 (BO, E); Minahasa: Mt Masarang, 10 i 1895, Koorders 17187β (BO, L); South Minahasa: Mt Manimporok, Soputan Mts, 18 vi 1954, Alston 15926 (BM, BO); Lolombulan, 6 iv 1895, Koorders 17191β (BO, L); Tomohon: Mt Mahawu, 23 vi 1956, Forman 223 (BO, K, L); ibid., 14 ii 2009, Girmansyah 1215 (BO).

Gorontalo. Bone Bolango: Mt Gambuta, 10 iv 2002, Atkins et al. 56 (BO, E).

Cyrtandra kinhoi is similar vegetatively to C. fasciata , C. flavomaculata and C. longistamina in having decurrent leaves and tessellate stems. It can be distinguished most easily from Cyrtandra fasciata by its larger inflorescence bracts (25 mm wide as opposed to 2 mm wide) and from C. longistamina by its ovoid fruits on short pedicels up to 7 mm long (as opposed to subglobose fruits on pedicels up to 30 mm long).

When this species was first described ( Kartonegoro et al., 2018), three outlier collections from Lore Lindu in Central Sulawesi were highlighted as having a different style indumentum. Recent collections accompanied by photographs from Lore Lindu have provided further information, and it is now clear that these collections represent a different species, Cyrtandra flavomaculata , described here. The new species can be distinguished from Cyrtandra kinhoi by its corolla, which is funnel-shaped (as opposed to tubular), white with large yellow markings on its upper and lower lobes (as opposed to white or flushed pink without markings), and densely hairy (not glabrous) style. The young leaves of Cyrtandra kinhoi are collected and used as a vegetable (H. J. Atkins & A. Kartonegoro, personal observations).

The original publication has the spelling ‘ Cyrtandra kinhoii ’ ( Kartonegoro et al., 2018). This has been corrected here to Cyrtandra kinhoi , following Article 60.8(a) of the International Code of Nomenclature (Turland et al., 2018).

Figures

Figure 32. Cyrtandra kinhoi. a, Habit; b, young leaves; c, tessellate stem; d, inflorescence; e, infrutescence; f, side view of flower; g, front view of young flower; h, front view of older flower with stamens recoiled and stigma exposed. Photographs: Sadie Barber. Specimens: Barber et al. BAKK36 and BAKK65. Reproduced from Kartonegoro et al. (2018) with the permission of the Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.

Figure 35. Distribution of Cyrtandra kjellbergii (bright red circle), C. kinhoi (black triangles), C. longirostris (white circles) and C. longistamina (dark red circles).