Cyphophthalmus corfuanus Karaman, 2009

Karaman, Ivo M., 2009, The taxonomical status and diversity of Balkan sironids (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) with descriptions of twelve new species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156 (2), pp. 260-318 : 279-282

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00446.x
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4CD991A7-6926-4828-863C-029FD0875D1A
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5492313
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E1587DD-6A71-FFD1-A371-EEA6FEBB2019
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Cyphophthalmus corfuanus
status	stat. nov.

Treatment

CYPHOPHTHALMUS CORFUANUS (KRATOCHVÍL, 1937) View in CoL STAT. NOV. ( FIGS 3A–B View Figure 3 , 4E View Figure 4 , 6A View Figure 6 , 29 View Figure 29 , 30 View Figure 30 )

Siro duricorius corfuanus Kratochvíl, 1938: 66–68 View in CoL .

Siro duricorius corfuanus: Rosas Costa, 1950 View in CoL : Rafalski, 1958: 522; Gruber, 1969: 77; Juberthie, 1970: 1386; Giribet, 2000: 58.

Cyphophthalmus duricorius corfuanus: Boyer et al., 2005: 564 View in CoL .

Material examined: Corfu , Greece, 1926, leg. M. Beier, 1 ♀ ; ibid., 1932, leg. M. Beier, 17 ♂, 11 ♀ ; S Kavos, Corfu , Greece, 13./ 14.iv.1981, leg. W. Schawaller & J. Scheuern, 10 ♂, 29 ♀ ; E Filiates, Epirus, Greece, 67 m a.s.l., 26.iii.2006, leg. A. Schönhofer, 10 ♂, 7 ♀ ; 1 juv.

Diagnosis: Medium sized endogean species with short appendages. Integument of dorsal scutum covered with large elongated convex tubercles. Spermatopositor terminal lobe broadly rounded, with equally distant setae terminales. Receptacles saccate with bifurcated bottom. Coxal lobes II somewhat longer than wide (at their narrowest part); coxal lobes III in males shorter than coxal lobes IV. Telotarsi I and IV are somewhat more than 2.5 times as long as wide in their median part. Adenostyle tubular. Pores of anal glands situated next to each other, ventrally orientated. Longitudinal carina on male anal plate markedly pronounced. Opisthosomal laterodorsal folds in females absent.

Description: Male body length 1.70 mm (1.56– 1.74 mm). Body uniformly brown to light brown in colour.

Scutum: anterior margin of dorsal scutum ( Fig. 30E View Figure 30 ) with closely situated terminal bristles. Ozophores as long as wide in their bases, laterally orientated. Granulation of opisthosomal part of dorsal scutum (medial area) as in Figure 30C and D View Figure 30 . The convex tubercles are large, elongated, uniformly and relatively densely distributed; granules of second rank small.

Anal plate with laterally compressed, high, crestshaped longitudinal carina ( Fig. 3A, B View Figure 3 ); posterior margin of dorsal scutum rounded. Pores of anal glands situated next to each other ( Fig. 30E View Figure 30 , see arrow), ventrally orientated; followed dorsally by two transverse folds.

Chelicerae short ( Fig. 29F View Figure 29 ): basal article 0.72 mm long; second article 0.65 mm long.

Pedipalps short ( Fig. 29E View Figure 29 ), 1.25 mm long (without coxa and apotele).

Legs short. Tarsus I on ventral side gradually tapering toward the tip ( Fig. 29C View Figure 29 ). Telotarsus I l: w (at the midpoint of its length) ratio – somewhat more than 2.5. Telotarsus IV (l: w ratio – about 2.5) with adenostyle on the first third of its length ( Fig. 29D View Figure 29 ); adenostyle tubular, short with widened base ( Fig. 29G View Figure 29 ); sensory seta (positioned on proximal basal part of the adenostyle) somewhat shorter than adenostyle.

Measurements of legs (without coxae and claws, in mm): I = 1.86; II = 1.55; III = 1.39; IV = 1.74.

Ventral prosomal complex ( Fig. 29B View Figure 29 ): coxal lobes II somewhat longer than wide at their narrowest part; abruptly narrowing posteriorly over the first half of their length. Coxal lobes III somewhat shorter than coxal lobes IV; conical processes of the coxal lobes IV close to the posterior margin of the coxal lobes III, distance from the anterior margin of the gonostome about one-quarter of the whole length of coxal lobes II–IV.

Spermatopositor ( Fig. 29A View Figure 29 ) – terminal lobe broadly rounded, terminally widened. Median pair of setae terminales somewhat longer than lateral pair. Median setae ventrales narrower in their basal parts than lateral setae ventrales. Median movable fingers short, not reaching in their length the most terminal parts of the lateral movable fingers; lateral movable fingers strong, elongated and slightly denticulated.

Description of the female: 1.68–1.92 mm body length. Coxal lobes II somewhat longer than wide (at their narrowest part). Ovipositor apical lobes with elongated (more than four times as long as wide) receptacles ( Fig. 4E View Figure 4 ); receptacles are saccate with bifurcate bottom, opening on at the midpoint of the length of apical lobes. Each apical lobe bearing one multibranched and 13 simple setae. Opisthosomal laterodorsal folds absent.

Distribution and habitat: Endogean on Corfu Island in Ionian sea and neighbouring inland area in Epirus, Greece ( Fig. 35B View Figure 35 ).

Remarks: A whole range of characters makes this species clearly related to the Aegean phyletic line, and not to the Dinaric line to which C. duricorius belongs. On Lefkas Island in the Ionian Sea there is another yet unidentified species that is closely related to the inland species C. eratoae , and not to C. corfuanus .

CYPHOPHTHALMUS ZETAE SP. NOV.

( FIGS 4F View Figure 4 , 6B View Figure 6 , 31 View Figure 31 , 32 View Figure 32 )

Material examined: Milovićka vrela, Tunjevo, Danilovgrad, Montenegro, 26.iv.1997, leg. I. Karaman , 1 ♂ holotype, 39 ♂, 45 ♀, 2 juv.; ibid., 11.iv.1997, 7 ♂, 6 ♀, 1 juv. ; ibid., 1.viii.1989, 6 ♀, 1 juv. ; ibid., 6.v.2003, 4 ♂, 7 ♀, 1 juv.

Holotype (inv. no. 1228/2) and paratype specimens are deposited in the author’s collection at the Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad ( Serbia).

Etymology: After the name of Zeta river, in which valley is the locus typicus.

Diagnosis: Small endogean species with short appendages. Integument of dorsal scutum uniformly covered with densely distributed, markedly elongated convex tubercles. Spermatopositor terminal lobe short, terminally truncated. Coxal lobes II somewhat longer than wide (at their narrowest part). Coxal lobes III in males are shorter than coxal lobes IV. Telotarsi I and IV are somewhat more than three times as long as wide in their medial part. Adenostyle spiniform. Pores of anal glands slightly distant from each other and ventrally orientated. Longitudinal carina on male anal plate narrow and pronounced. Opisthosomal laterodorsal folds in females absent.

Description: Male holotype body length 1.70 mm (male paratypes 1.60–1.80 mm); body uniformly brown in colour.

Scutum: anterior margin of dorsal scutum ( Fig. 32F View Figure 32 ) with closely paired terminal bristles. Ozophores as long as wide (in their base), laterally orientated. Granulation of opisthosomal part of dorsal scutum (medial area) as in Figure 32C and D View Figure 32 ; convex tubercles are markedly elongated and densely distributed. Granules of second rank small and relatively densely distributed.

Anal plate with narrow, pronounced longitudinal carina; posterior margin of dorsal scutum rounded. Pores of anal glands slightly distant from each other, situated on short transversal tubercle ( Fig. 32E View Figure 32 ), ventrally orientated.

Chelicerae short ( Fig. 33F View Figure 33 ): basal article 0.74 mm long; second article 0.65 mm long.

Pedipalps short ( Fig. 33E View Figure 33 ), 1.27 mm long (without coxa and apotele).

Legs short. Tarsus I shape as in Figure 33C View Figure 33 . Telotarsus I l: w (at the midpoint of its length) ratio – somewhat more than 3. Telotarsus IV (l: w ratio – somewhat more than 3) with adenostyle on the first third of its length ( Fig. 33D View Figure 33 ); Adenostyle with widened basal part, spiniform ( Fig. 33G View Figure 33 ); sensory seta (positioned on proximal basal part of the adenostyle) somewhat longer than adenostyle. Claws short.

Measurements of legs (without coxae and claws, in mm): I = 1.90; II = 1.55; III = 1.39; IV = 1.68.

Ventral prosomal complex ( Fig. 33B View Figure 33 ): coxal lobes II somewhat longer than wide (at their narrowest part); abruptly narrowing posteriorly over the first half of their length. Coxal lobes III shorter than coxal lobes IV; conical processes of the coxal lobes IV close to the posterior margin of the coxal lobes III, distance from the anterior margin of the gonostome about onequarter of the whole length of coxal lobes II–IV.

Spermatopositor ( Fig. 33A View Figure 33 ) – terminal lobe short, almost rectangular in shape, terminally truncated. Lateral pair of setae terminales positioned on ventral side of terminal lobe. Median setae ventrales narrower in their basal parts than lateral setae ventrales. Median movable fingers short, not reaching in their length the most terminal parts of the lateral movable fingers; lateral movable fingers short, stout, with widened basal parts.

Description of the female: 1.66–1.88 mm body length. Coxal lobes II somewhat longer than wide (at their narrowest part). Ovipositor apical lobes slender, receptacles are saccate with bifurcate bottom, openings at the midpoint of the length of the apical lobes ( Fig. 4F View Figure 4 ). Each apical lobe bearing one multibranched and 13 simple setae. Opisthosomal laterodorsal folds absent.

Distribution and habitat: Known only from the type locality ( Fig. 36B View Figure 36 ).

Remarks: Populations related to this species collected in five separate and remote localities, to the northeast, east, and south of the type species locality ( Fig. 36B View Figure 36 ), show certain characteristics indicating that they may be members of a separate taxon or species complex, which is supported by molecular data ( Boyer et al., 2005). The definitive status can be determined only after a thorough study of endogean Cyphophthalmi in the wider area of Lake Skadar.

Compared with all other known Cyphophthalmus species from the Aegean phyletic line, this species and the related species complex are unique because the anal pores are situated away from each other.

CYPHOPHTHALMUS HLAVACI SP. NOV.

( FIGS 2B View Figure 2 , 4G View Figure 4 , 33 View Figure 33 , 34 View Figure 34 )

Material examined: North of Bast , Biokovo Mountain, 400–500 m a.s.l., Dalmatia, Croatia, 20.x.2005, leg. P. Hlavácˇ: 1 ♂ holotype , 138 ♂, 109 ♀, 36 juv. paratypes ; south-west Kozica , Mount Biokovo, 800 m a.s.l., Dalmatia, Croatia, 19.x.2005, leg. P. Hlavácˇ, 46 ♂, 38 ♀, 40 juv. paratypes ; Gornja Brela Canyon , Makarska , Mount Biokovo, Dalmatia, Croatia, 21.x.2005, leg. P. Hlavácˇ: 41 ♂, 23 ♀, 7 juv. paratypes .

Holotype (inv. no. 1413) and paratypes are deposited in the author’s collection at the Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad ( Serbia).

Etymology: Named after its collector, entomologist Peter Hlaváč from Košice ( Slovakia).

Diagnosis: Large endogean species with short appendages. Integument of dorsal scutum uniformly covered with densely distributed large convex tubercles. Spermatopositor terminal lobe slightly elongated, widely conical in shape. Coxal lobes II somewhat longer than wide (at their narrowest part). Coxal lobes III in males are shorter than coxal lobes IV. Telotarsi I somewhat fewer than three times as long as wide in their median part. Adenostyle tubular. Pores of anal glands situated close to each other and ventrally orientated. Longitudinal carina on male anal plate narrow and pronounced. Opisthosomal laterodorsal folds in females absent.

Description: Male holotype body length 1.81 mm (male paratypes 1.74–2.00 mm); body uniformly dark brown in colour.

Scutum: anterior margin of dorsal scutum ( Fig. 34F View Figure 34 ) with widely separated terminal bristles. Ozophores short, shorter than wide (at their base), laterally orientated. Granulation of opisthosomal part of dorsal scutum (medial area) as in Figure 34C and D View Figure 34 ; convex tubercles oval and large, densely distributed. Granules of second rank small and densely distributed. Posterior margin of dorsal scutum rounded.

Anal plate with narrow, markedly pronounced longitudinal carina. Pores of anal glands close to each other situated on short protuberance, ventrally orientated ( Fig. 34E View Figure 34 ).

Chelicerae short ( Fig. 33F View Figure 33 ): basal article 0.70 mm long; second article 0.66 mm long.

Pedipalps short ( Fig. 33E View Figure 33 ), 1.26 mm long (without coxa and apotele); apotele slightly elongated.

Legs short. Tarsus I shape as in Figure 33C View Figure 33 . Telotarsus I l: w (at the midpoint of its length) ratio – somewhat less than 3. Telotarsus IV (l: w ratio – 3.5) with adenostyle on the first third of its length ( Fig. 33D View Figure 33 ); Adenostyle tubular ( Fig. 33G View Figure 33 ); sensory seta (positioned on proximal basal part of the adenostyle) longer than adenostyle. Claws short.

Measurements of legs (without coxae and claws, in mm): I = 1.86; II = 1.56; III = 1.42; IV = 1.75.

Ventral prosomal complex ( Fig. 33B View Figure 33 ): coxal lobes II somewhat longer than wide (at their narrowest part); abruptly narrowing posteriorly over the first third of their length. Coxal lobes III shorter than coxal lobes IV; conical processes of the coxal lobes IV close to the posterior margin of the coxal lobes III, distance from the anterior margin of the gonostome about one-quarter of the whole length of coxal lobes II–IV.

Spermatopositor ( Fig. 33A View Figure 33 ) – terminal lobe slightly elongated, widely conical in shape with protruding bases of medial pair of setae terminales. Median pair of setae terminales longer than lateral pair. Median movable fingers short, not reaching in their length the most terminal parts of the lateral movable fingers; lateral movable fingers elongated, slender, and falciform.

Description of the female: 1.70–2.10 mm body length. Coxal lobes II somewhat longer than wide (at their narrowest part). Ovipositor apical lobes slender, receptacles are saccate with bifurcate bottom, openings at the midpoint of the length of the apical lobes ( Fig. 4G View Figure 4 ). Each apical lobe bearing one multibranched and 13 simple setae. Opisthosomal laterodorsal folds absent.

Distribution and habitat: Known from three localities on Mount Biokovo in middle Dalmatia ( Fig. 36B View Figure 36 ), a region where a troglobite species complex (still undescribed) from the Dinaric phyletic line is widely present.

Remarks: The westernmost distribution amongst the Aegean phyletic line, with wide interrupted area toward its geographically closest related species C. zetae sp. nov., and its appearance in the middle of the primary distribution area of the Dinaric phyletic line make this species zoogeographically particularly interesting.