Cyclidia substigmaria substigmaria ( Huebner , 1831)

Jiang, Nan, Liu, Shuxian, Xue, Dayong & Han, Hongxiang, 2016, A review of Cyclidiinae from China (Lepidoptera, Drepanidae), ZooKeys 553, pp. 119-148 : 124-126

Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Drepanidae

Cyclidia substigmaria substigmaria ( Huebner, 1831) Figs 4-8, 24-28, 37-39, 48-50

Diagnosis.

The subspecies is very similar to Cyclidia substigmaria intermedia , but differs externally by the paler discal spot of the hind wing and the two less distinct markings inside the anal angle of the forewing.

Type material examined.

CHINA: Sichuan (IZCAS): 1♂ (Holotype of Cyclidia substigmaria brunna ), Emeishan, Qingyinge, 800-1000 m, 17.V.1957, coll. Wang Zongyuan. Zhejiang (IZCAS): 1♀ (Allotype of Cyclidia substigmaria brunna ), Hangzhou, 4.V.1975, coll. Zhang Baolin. Fujian (IZCAS): 3♂ (Paratypes of Cyclidia substigmaria brunna ), Wuyishan, 6-21.V.1983, coll. Wang Linyao. Yunnan (IZCAS): 1♀ (Paratypes of Cyclidia substigmaria brunna ), Liuku, 2500 m, 23.V.1981, coll. Liao Subai; 1♂ (Holotype of Cyclidia tetraspota ), Xishuangbanna, Yunjinghong, 650 m, 22.VI.1959, coll. Meng Xuwu; 1♀ (Allotype of Cyclidia tetraspota ), Yiwubanna, Menglun, 650 m, 23.VII.1959, coll. Zhang Facai; 1♂ (Paratype of Cyclidia tetraspota ), ibidem, 28.V.1958, coll. Wang Shuyong. Hainan (IZCAS): 1♂ (Paratype of Cyclidia tetraspota ), Wanning, 10 m, 9.IV.1960, coll. Li Zhenfu. Guangxi (IZCAS): 1♂ (Paratype of Cyclidia tetraspota ), Guilin, Liangfeng, 20.IV.1952. Hongkong (BMNH): 1 ♀, collector and collecting date unknown (Holotype of Cyclidia substigmaria capitata ).

Additional material examined.

CHINA: Henan (IZCAS): 1♂, Luoyang, Huaguoshan, 4.VIII.2006, coll. Song Hao; 1♀, Baiyunshan, 1400 m, 27.VII.2003, coll. Lu Yanan; 1♂, Jigongshan, 25.VI.1984. Shaanxi (IZCAS): 2♂1♀, Ningshan, Guanghuojie, 1189 m, 28.VII.2014, coll. Liu Shuxian and Ban Xiaoshuang; 1♂, Zhashui, Yingpanzhen, 980 m, 31.VII.2014, Liu Shuxian and Ban Xiaoshuang; 1♂, Xunyang, Bailiuzhen, 386 m, 3.VIII.2014, coll. Liu Shuxian and Ban Xiaoshuang. Gansu (IZCAS): 1♂, Wenxian, Qiujiaba, 2200-2350 m, 29.VI.1998, coll. Yuan Decheng; 1♀, Kangxian, Baiyunshan, 1250-1750 m, 12.VII.1998, coll. Wang Shuyong; 1♂7♀, Kangxian, Yangba, Meiyuangou, 1000 m, 13.VIII.2014, coll. Xue Dayong & Ban Xiaoshuang; 1♀, Wenxian, Lukou, 22.V.1987. Jiangsu (IZCAS): 7♂4♀, Chemo, 22. IV– 2.V.1935, coll. O. Piel. Anhui (IZCAS): 1♀, Linzongchang, IX.1970, coll. Mai Weiqiang; 2♀, Yuexi, Linyeju, 11.IX.1982, coll. Zhou Tiying. Zhejiang (IZCAS): 5♂3♀, Lin’an, West Tianmushan, 400-1506 m, 6.IX.1981, 26-30.VII.2003, 27.VII.2011, coll. Xue Dayong et al.; 15♂1♀, Tianmushan, 15-25.VI.1936, 25-30.VIII.1947, 22.VIII.1972, 28-31.VII.1998, coll. O. Piel et al.; 1♂1♀, Hangzhou, 4.V.1975, 1981, coll. Zhang Baolin; 1♂, Qingyuan, Fengyangshan, Datianping, 1290 m, 6-10.VIII.2003, coll. Han Hongxiang. Hubei (IZCAS): 1♂, Shennongjia, Muyu, 22.VII.1998, coll. Zhou Hongzhang; 1♀, Shennongjia, Dalongtan, 2700 m, 27.VII.1998, coll. Zhou Haisheng; 1♂, Xingshan, Longmenhe, 1300 m, 12.IX.1994, coll. Song Shimei; 4♀, Xuan’en, 650 m, 25.V.1989, coll. Li Wei; 1♀, Hefeng, Fenshuiling Linchang, 31.VII.1989, coll. Li Wei. Jiangxi (IZCAS): 1♀, Yifeng, Yuanqian, 8.IX.1959. Hunan (IZCAS): 1♀, Yanling, Taoyuandong, 631 m, 4-8.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 1♀, Fenghuang, 15.IX.1988, coll. Song Shimei; 1♀, Cili, 3.IX.1988, coll. Song Shimei. Fujian (IZCAS): 11♂9♀, Wuyishan, 26. IV– 14.VI.1983, coll. Wang Linyao and Zhang Baolin; 1♂, Xinkou, 15.VI.1981, coll. Lin Yibiao; 2♂1♀, Jianyang, Huangkeng, 270-950 m, 23. IV– 1.V.1960, coll. Jiang Shengqiao and Zuo Yong; 1♀, Chong’an, Xingcun, Guadun, 840-1210 m, 25.VIII.1960, coll. Ma Chenglin; 1♀, Chong’an, Xingcun, Sangang, 740 m, 17.V.1960, coll. Zhang Yiran. Guangdong (IZCAS): 1♂, Guangzhou, 8.VI.1973, coll. Zhang Baolin; 4♂5♀, Guangzhou, Sanyuanli, 27.IV.1958, coll. Wang Linyao. Hainan (IZCAS): Wanning, 10 m, 14.IV.1960, coll. Li Changqing; 3♂, Xinglong, 24.III.1963, IV.1963, coll. Zhang Baolin; 3♂, Lingshui, Diaoluoshan, 4-5.V.2007, coll. Han Hongxiang; 1♀, Wuzhishan, Shuiman, 600 m, 12.V.2007, coll. Han Hongxiang; 1♀, Baisha, Yinggeling, 434 m, 3-4.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing; 1♀, Jianfengling, Tianchi, 3.III.1982, coll. Long Yongcheng. Guangxi (IZCAS): 1♂1♀, Jinxiu, Luoxiang, 200-400 m, 1-16.V.1999, coll. Huang Fusheng and Han Hongxiang; 1♀, Jinxiu, Yonghe, 500 m, 12.IV.1999, coll. Han Hongxiang; 1♀, Jinxiu, Jinzhong Gonglu, 1100 m, 12.V.1999, coll. Li Wenzhu; 2♂, Guilin, Yanshan, 26.IX.1958, 19.XI.1959; 1♂5♀, Fangcheng, Fulong, 240-260 m, 1.III.1998, 19-20.IV.1998, coll. Li Wenzhu and Wu Chunsheng; 1♂, Napo, Nianjing, 900 m, 11.IV.1998, coll. Wu Chunsheng; 1♀, Napo, Defu, 1350 m, 19.VI.2000, coll. Yao Jian; 1♀, Napo, Nonghua, 990 m, 13.IV.1998, coll. Li Wenzhu; 1♀, Napo, Baihe, 540 m, 8.IV.1998, coll. Qiao Gexia; 1♂, Pingxiang, 230 m, 8.VI.1976, coll. Zhang Baolin; 2♀, Longsheng, 10-11.VI.1980, coll. Zhong Tiesen and Song Shimei; 2♀, Daxin, Xialei, 680 m, 31.III.1998, coll. Li Wenzhu; 2♂, Longzhou, Nonggang, 195 m, 15-17.VII.2013, coll. Liu Shuxian and Li Xinxin. Sichuan (IZCAS): 1♀, Emeishan, Baoguosi, 550-750 m, 8.IV.1957, coll. Wang Zongyuan; 1♂, Emeishan, 580-1100 m, 22.VI.1955, coll. Zi Yunzhen; 36♂34♀, Emeishan, Qingyinge, 800-1000 m, 17. IV– 20.V.1957, 19. IX– 28.X.1957, coll. Zhu Fuxing et al.; 1♀, Yanyuan, Jinhe, 2.VII.1984, coll. Chen Yixin. Guizhou (IZCAS): 1♀, Sinan, 350 m, 9.V.1983, coll. Liu Yanxian; 1♂, Koei-Yang, 5.IX.1935. Yunnan (IZCAS): 2♂7♀, Xishuangbanna, Mengna, 550 m, 22-30.VI.1959, coll. Zhang Yiran and Li Zhenfu; 1♂3♀, Xiaomengyang, 850-1000 m, 6.V.1957, 12. VII– 22.VIII.1957, 10.X.1957, coll. Wang Shuyong et al.; 1♂1♀, Xishuangbanna, Menghun, 160-750 m, 4.VI.1958, coll. Meng Xuwu et al.; 1♀, Xishuangbanna, Yunjinghong, 650 m, 3.VII.1957, coll. Wang Shuyong; 2♂6♀, Xishuangbanna, Mengla, 620-650 m, 2. V– 6.VI.1959, coll. Zhang Yiran et al.; 6♂9♀, Mengla, Menglun, 650-665 m, 22-29.X.1958, 3. IV– 18.V.1964, 29.VII.2013, coll. Wang Shuyong et al.; 1♂, Xishuangbanna, Menghai, 1200-1600 m, 18.VII.1958, coll. Wang Shuyong; 2♀, Xishuangbanna, Ganlanba, 560 m, 9-10.VII.1958, coll. Li Chuanlong; 1♂, Xishuangbanna, Bubang, 700 m, 14.IX.1993, coll. Yang Longlong; 1♀, Xishuangbanna, Yiwu, 800-1300 m, 13.VII.1959, coll. Pu Fuji; 6♂1♀, Baoshan, Baihualing, 1520 m, V.11-13.VIII.2007, coll. Wu Chunguang and Lang Songyun; 2♂1♀, Baoshan, Bawan, 1040-1100 m, 19-23.1992, 8-10.VIII.2007, 8-10.VIII.2013, coll. Wu Chunguang et al.; 2♂3♀, Baoshan, Xinujiang Hegu, 800-1000 m, 10-11.V.1955, coll. Xue Yufeng; 1♂, Tengchong, Qushi, Dabacun, 1873 m, 4.VIII.2013, coll. Liu Shuxian and Li Xinxin; 7♂1♀, Tengchong, Zhengding, 1833 m, 6-7.VIII.2013, coll. Liu Shuxian and Li Xinxin; 2♀, Tengchong, Heinitang, 1824 m, 26-27.VI.2014, coll. Li Xinxin and Pan Xiaodan; 1♀, Cheli, 620 m, 18.IV.1957, coll. Zang Lingchao; 2♂, Yuanyang, Nansha, 1100 m, 26.V.1979, coll. Luo Kezhong; 1♂1♀, Lushui, Liuku, 860-1220 m, 18-19.IX.2014, coll. Liang Hongbin; 2♂4♀, Lushui, Pianma, 1750-1980 m, 7.V.1981, 8-12.V.2011, 3-4.VII.2014, coll. Zhang Xuezhong et al.; 1♀, Jinping, Mengla, 500 m, 2.V.1956, coll. Huang Keren; 1♀, Jinping, Chang Potou, 1200 m, 23.V.1956, coll. Huang Keren. Vietnam (IZCAS): 1♀, Tonkin, Hoa-Binh, leg. A. de Cooman.

Variation.

The submarginal line of the forewing varies from dot-like and wavy to faint, broad and interrupted between veins. In the male genitalia, the terminal half of the costa vary from smooth (Fig. 27, IOZ LEP M 01129) to strongly protruding (Fig. 28, IOZ LEP M 08961) among the material on the same region.

Genetic data.

The distance to the nearest neighbour Cyclidia rectificata is 8.92%. The intrasubspecific divergence of the barcode region of Cyclidia substigmaria substigmaria ranges from 0%-2.6% (average distance 1%) (n = 19). Some specimens from Yunnan cluster together at some distance from all other specimens (Fig. 58). Despite the high divergence, no morphological characters were found which separate these populations.

Remarks.

After examining the types of Cyclidia substigmaria brunna , Cyclidia tetraspota and a long series of material collected near their type localities, it was found that the external and genital features of Cyclidia substigmaria brunna and Cyclidia tetraspota are nearly identical to those of Cyclidia substigmaria substigmaria . Barcodes of one paratype of Cyclidia tetraspota (IOZ LEP M 02790) and two specimens from type locality of Cyclidia substigmaria brunna (IOZ LEP M 17993 and 17994) were clustered within Cyclidia substigmaria substigmaria in the Neighbour Joining (NJ) tree with the genetic distances from 0.015%-2.6% (see fig. 58). Thus, Cyclidia tetraspota and Cyclidia substigmaria brunna are considered as junior synonyms of Cyclidia substigmaria substigmaria .

Distribution.

China (Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan), Vietnam.