Curvularia nodulosa (Sacc.) Manamgoda, Rossman & K.D. Hyde. Stud Mycol.

Manamgoda, Dimuthu S., Rossman, Amy Y., Castlebury, Lisa A., Chukeatirote, Ekachai & Hyde, Kevin D., 2015, A taxonomic and phylogenetic re-appraisal of the genus Curvularia (Pleosporaceae): human and plant pathogens, Phytotaxa 212 (3), pp. 175-198 : 191-193

Curvularia nodulosa (Sacc.) Manamgoda, Rossman & K.D. Hyde. Stud Mycol. 79: 281 (2014). ( Fig. 9 )

Basionym : Helminthosporium nodulosum Berk. & M.A. Curtis ex Sacc., Syll. Fung. 4: 421. 1886.

[≡ Helminthosporium nodosum Berk. & M.A. Curtis [as “Helmisporium”], in Berkeley, Grevillea 3: 102. 1875 non Wallroth, Flor, Crypt, Germ 2: 165. 1833].

≡ Bipolaris nodulosa (Sacc.) Shoemaker, Canad. J. Bot. 37: 883. 1959.

≡ Drechslera nodulosa (Sacc.) Subram. & B.L. Jain, Curr. Sci. 35: 354. 1966.

= Cochliobolus nodulosus Luttr., Phytopathology 47: 547. 1957.

= Helminthosporium leucostylum Drechsler, J. Res. 24: 711. 1923. (fide Sivanesan 1987).

≡ Bipolaris leucostyla (Drechsler) Shoemaker, Canad. J. Bot. 37: 883. 1959.

≡ Drechslera leucostyla (Drechsler) Subram. & B.L. Jain, Curr. Sci. 35: 354. 1966.

Type material:— USA, on an unknown substrate, 26 September 1967, E. S Luttrell (holotype of Cochliobolus nodulosus BPI 626679!).

Sexual morph on Hordeum vulgare in Sach’s agar medium: Ascomata (100–) 225–522 (–535) μm (av. = 389 SD = 132 n= 10), superficial, globose, black, with ostiolar beak (90–)160–310(–350) × 55–92 (–100) μm (av. = 236 SD = 75 n = 10; av. = 75 SD = 17 n = 10). Pseudoparaphyses filiform, hyaline, septate, branched. Asci (111–)130–195(–203) × (10–)12–18 (–20) μm (av. = 163 SD = 33 n = 12; av. = 15 SD = 3 n = 12), with 1–8 spores arranged inside ascus, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, tapering towards rounded ends, shortly pedicellate. Ascospores (120–)132–180(– 198) × 4–6 μm (av. = 157 SD = 25 n = 10; av. = 5 SD = 1 n = 10), filiform, hyaline, 3–11 (av. = 9) septate, arranged in a loosely coiled helix inside ascus.

Asexual morph on Hordeum vulgare : Conidiophores 46–86 (–100) × 4–6 (–7) μm (av. = 66 SD = 20 n = 12; av. =5 SD =1 n = 12), arising in groups, branched, septate, flexuous, geniculate, pale brown. Conidiogenous nodes smooth, swollen, dark brown. Conidia (30–)35–51(–67) × 13–19 (–21) μm (av. = 48 SD = 13 n =14; av. =16 SD =3 n = 14), smooth-walled, straight, ovoid, obclavate, tapering towards rounded ends, pale brown, 5–7-distoseptate.

Hosts:— Eleusine indica , Hordeum vulgare , also reported from Eragrostis cilianensis , E. major , E. multicaulis , E. pilosa (Farr & Rossman 2013) .

Distribution:— USA, also reported from Japan and Sudan (Farr & Rossman 2013).

Additional material examined:— USA, Virginia, Arlington Farm, on Eleusine indica , 6 September 1923, Charles Drechsler (as Cochliobolus nodulosus BPI 431643!); Florida, Miami , on Eleusine indica , 20 June 1925, Charles Drechsler (as Cochliobolus nodulosus BPI 431644!); on Eleusine indica , March 1958, E. S. Luttrell ( CBS 160.58!).

Notes:—This species is reported to cause seedling blight, spotting and striping on leaves and sooty heads of the inflorescences of Eleusine indica ( Luttrell 1957) . Morphologically and phylogenetically this species is closely related to C. kusanoi . Both species have distinctly small perithecia, asci and ascospores as compared to other species of Curvularia . Luttrell (1957) carefully observed the morphology of these two species and considered to be as distinct species based on the asexual characters. Curvularia kusanoi is usually reported to have 1–4-septate conidia and less prominently swollen conidiogenous nodes than in C. nodulosa .

Curvularia ryleyi Y.P. Tan & R.G. Shivas, Australas. Pl. Pathol. (2014) ( Fig. 10 ) non C. cylindrica M. Zhang & T.Y. Zhang (2005)

= Bipolaris cylindrica Alcorn, Mycotaxon 15: 42. 1982.

Type material:— AUSTRALIA. New South Wales, Yetman, on Sporobolus creber , 12 May 1977, J. L Alcorn 77154, (holotype of Bipolaris cylindrica BRIP 12554); (ex-type culture = CBS 349.90!); ibid. (isotype of Bipolaris cylindrica IMI 261918!); ibid. (isotype of Bipolaris cylindrica DAR 30807).

On Sporobolus creber , conidiophores (51–)105–279(–305) × (3–)4–6(–7) μm (av. = 192 SD = 87 n = 23; av. = 5 SD = 1 n = 23), usually arising singly or sometimes in small groups, simple or branched, septate, geniculate, dark olivaceous brown to reddish brown. Conidiogenous nodes dark brown, smooth. Conidia (39–)51–83(–102) × (9–)11– 17(–21) μm (av. = 67 SD = 16 n = 34; av. = 14 SD = 3 n = 34), smooth-walled, straight or curved, rarely sigmoid, subcylindrical or fusoid, tapering towards rounded ends, rarely clavate or obclavate, olivaceous brown to reddish brown, 3–7-distoseptate (av. = 4), germinating from both or one end. Hilum inconspicuous.

Host s:— Sporobolus creber , also reported on S. diander , S. elongatus and other Sporobolus species ( Sivanesan 1987)

Distribution:— Australia, also reported from Papua New Guinea ( Sivanesan 1987)

Notes:—This species was first known as Bipolaris cylindrica . Tan et al. (2014) showed that according to their phylogeny, this species belong to genus Curvularia . However the epithet “cylindrica ” was occupied in Curvularia by a different species C. cylindrica M. Zhang & T.Y. Zhang (2005) therefore Tan et al. (2014) introduced a novel epithet in order to prevent creating a homonym. Curvularia ryleyi has a wide variation in conidial length and shape. This species is phylogenetically closely related to C. crustacea .

Figures

FIGURE 9. Curvularia nodulosa BPI 626679 A). Ascoma produced by pairing culture on Hordeum vulgare B) A cross section of the ascoma C) Asci and pseudoparaphysis D–H) Asci I) Conidiophores J–N) Conidia. (Scale bars A = 500μm B = 100 μm C = 50 μm D–H = 20 μm I–N = 10 μm).

FIGURE 10. Curvulariaryleyi(IMI261918).A) Conidiophores andconidiaon the inflorescence ofSporobolus creberB–D)Conidiophores E–I) Conidia. (Scale bars A = 500 μm, B–D = 5 μm E–I = 10 μm).