Cristarma eulimene (De Man, in Weber, 1897)

Schubart, Christoph D. & Ng, Peter K. L., 2020, Revision of the intertidal and semiterrestrial crab genera Chiromantes Gistel, 1848, and Pseudosesarma Serène & Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), using morphology and molecular phylogenetics, with the establishment of nine new genera and two new species, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68, pp. 891-994 : 930

Cristarma eulimene (De Man, in Weber, 1897)

( Figs. 13E , 14E , 15C, D , 18C , 20A–H , 43G )

Sesarma (Sesarma) eulimene De Man , in Weber, 1897: 157, pl. 15 fig. 1.

Sesarma eulimene – Stebbing, 1910: 322; Fourmanoir, 1953: 90.

Sesarma (Holometopus) eulimene – Tesch, 1917: 150; Crosnier, 1965: 51, figs. 68, 69, 73, 77b, 85, 107, 108; Guinot, 1967: 288; Serène, 1968: 107.

Holometopus eulimine (sic) – Hartnoll, 1975: 308, 311, 316.

Chiromantes eulimene – Naderloo & Schubart, 2009: 67.

“ Chiromantes ” eulimene – Ng et al., 2008a: 220; Emmerson, 2016: 235, unnumbered colour fig.

Material examined. MOZAMBIQUE – 1 male (22.2 × 17.2 mm) , 1 adult female (15.6 × 12.8 mm) ( ZRC 1968.1.22.2– 3), Inhaca Island , coll. W. McNae, April 1967 . SOUTH AFRICA – 2 males (22.0 × 17.8 mm, 22.2 × 18.5 mm) ( ZRC 2017.0168 ), mangrove creek, Mngazana, Eastern Cape Province, coll. S. Cannici, 9–10 March 2017 .

Diagnosis. Carapace quadrate; lateral margin sinuous; dorsal margin of male cheliped dactylus with about 15 symmetrical tubercles on proximal half, followed by 10 asymmetrical tubercles on distal half; male pleon proportionately narrower, longer.

Colour. In life, the species was described as with a brown carapace and red male chela ( Crosnier, 1965: 51). In larger males, the centre of the chela becomes more faded ( Emmerson, 2016: 235, unnumbered colour fig.).

Remarks. The authorship for this species should be “De Man, in Weber, 1897 ”. Weber wrote the chapter on decapod crustaceans in his paper but noted that some contributions were by De Man ( Weber, 1897: 156). In the new species description for Sesarma eulimene , it was clearly stated that the work was by De Man: “(Beschrieben von Herrn Dr. J. G. de Man.)” ( Weber, 1897: 157). The year of publication is usually cited as 1898 but this is incorrect. While volume 10 of “Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abtheilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere” was dated as 1898, the articles actually appeared in parts. Weber’s paper appeared in part 2 of volume 10, and this was stated to be published on 21 May 1897. This species was described from two males and four females from Umbilo River in Natal (present day KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa), and he gave measurements for the two males (17 × 14.25 mm, 15 × 12 mm) and two larger females (15.3 × 12.5 mm, 12.25 × 9.7 mm). It is not known where this material is now and whether it is still extant; it is not in Leiden ( Fransen et al., 1997). Crosnier (1965: 51) commented that he had compared his specimens to the syntypes but he did not elaborate if he had actually seen the specimens or based it on the publication only. In any case, the material reported by Crosnier (1965) from Madagascar and the present specimens agree well with De Man’s (1897) detailed description and good figures and we have no doubt of their conspecificity.

Crosnier (1965) redescribed C. eulimene with good figures and compared it in detail with C. ortmanni . While both species have superficially a similar G1, their carapace shapes are quite different: C. eulimene is more squarish, with the lateral carapace margins sinuous ( Figs. 13E , 20A ), while C. ortmanni is distinctly more transversely rectangular with the lateral margins almost straight ( Figs. 13F , 20I ). In addition, C. ortmanni has 25 tubercles on the dorsal margin of the male cheliped dactylus, with half of them larger and relatively symmetrical ( Figs. 15E , 20J ), while C. eulimene has only 12 slightly asymmetrical tubercles ( Figs. 15C , 20D ). The male pleon of C. ortmanni is also slightly wider and shorter ( Figs. 18D , 20K ) compared to that of C. eulimene ( Figs. 18C , 20E ).

Biology. The best account of the ecology of this species is by Hartnoll (1975: 316) who notes that it occurs only in the terrestrial vegetation above the supralittoral zone. Neosarmatium africanum Ragionieri, Fratini & Schubart, 2012 [as N. meinerti ( De Man, 1887) ] and C. ortmanni also occur in this zone, with both species also found elsewhere in the mangroves. Emmerson (2016: 237, 238) provides a detailed summary of the known ecology and biology of the species.

Distribution. From Tanzania and Mozambique to South Africa and Madagascar ( Crosnier, 1965: 51; Hartnoll, 1975; Emmerson, 2016).

Figures

Fig. 13. Overall habitus. A, Danarma obtusifrons, male (17.7 × 13.2 mm) (UF-FLMNH 14837), Oahu, Hawaii; B, Danarma silus, holotype male (16.3 × 12.8 mm) (ZRC 2012.0787), Guam; C, Danarma eurymerus, holotype male (18.7 × 14.8 mm) (NMNS-7028-002), Lanyu Island, Taiwan; D, Danarma garfunkel, holotype male (17.0 × 13.0 mm) (QM), Greta Beach, Christmas Island; E, Cristarma eulimene, male (22.2 × 17.2 mm) (ZRC 1968.1.22.2), Inhaca Island, Mozambique; F, Cristarma ortmanni, male (20.0 × 15.5 mm) (ZRC 1968.1.22.1), Inhaca Island, Mozambique; G, Trapezarma angolense, neotype male (39.3 × 32.7 mm) (SMF-ZMG 635), Benguella, Angola; H, Platychirarma buettikoferi, paralectotype male (10.0 × 8.7 mm) (SMF-ZMG 636), Fisherman Lake, Liberia; I, Platychirarma buettikoferi, lectotype male (14.1 × 11.6 mm) (RMNH D 148), Liberia; J, Platychirarma buettikoferi, male (12.6 × 10.4 mm) (ZRC 2015.0298), Cameroon.

Fig. 14. Frontal view of cephalothorax. A, Danarma obtusifrons, male (17.7 × 13.2 mm) (UF-FLMNH 14837), Hawaii; B, Danarma garfunkel, holotype male (17.0 × 13.0 mm) (QM, ex ZRC 2009.0822), Christmas Island; C, D, Danarma eurymerus, holotype male (18.7 × 14.8 mm) (NMNS-7028-002), Lanyu Island, Taiwan; E, Cristarma eulimene, male (22.2 × 17.2 mm) (ZRC 1968.1.22.2), Inhaca Island, Mozambique; F, Cristarma ortmanni, male (20.0 × 15.5 mm) (ZRC 1968.1.22.1), Inhaca Island, Mozambique; G, Trapezarma angolense, neotype male (39.3 × 32.7 mm) (SMF-ZMG 635), Benguella, Angola; H, Platychirarma buettikoferi, paralectotype male (10.0 × 8.7 mm) (SMF-ZMG 636), Fisherman Lake, Liberia.

Fig. 15. Chela. A, B, Danarma eurymerus, holotype male (18.7 × 14.8 mm) (NMNS-7028–002), Lanyu Island, Taiwan; C, D, Cristarma eulimene, male (22.2 × 17.2 mm) (ZRC 1968.1.22.2), Inhaca Island, Mozambique; E, F, Cristarma ortmanni, male (20.0 × 15.5 mm) (ZRC 1968.1.22.1), Inhaca Island, Mozambique. A, C, E, outer view; B, inner view; D, F, dorso-lateral view showing pectinated ridge on palm.

Fig. 18. Male anterior thoracic sternum and pleon. A, Danarma obtusifrons, male (19.7 × 14.7 mm) (ZRC 2002.0220), Oahu, Hawaii; B, Danarma eurymerus, holotype male (18.7 × 14.8 mm) (NMNS-7028-002), Lanyu Island, Taiwan; C, Cristarma eulimene, male (22.2 × 17.2 mm) (ZRC 1968.1.22.2), Inhaca Island, Mozambique; D, Cristarma ortmanni, male (20.0 × 15.5 mm) (ZRC 1968.1.22.1), Inhaca Island, Mozambique; E, Trapezarma angolense, neotype male (39.3 × 32.7 mm) (SMF-ZMG 635), Benguella, Angola; F, Platychirarma buettikoferi, paralectotype male (10.0 × 8.7 mm) (SMF-ZMG 636), Fisherman Lake, Liberia.

Fig. 20. A, D–H, Cristarma eulimene, male, Tamatave, Madagascar; B, C, C. eulimene, male (22.2 × 17.2 mm) (ZRC 1968.1.22.2), Inhaca Island, Mozambique; I, J, C. ortmanni, male, Tuléar, Madagascar; K, C. ortmanni, male (20.0 × 15.5 mm) (ZRC 1968.1.22.1), Inhaca Island, Mozambique. A, I, carapace; B, left third maxilliped (denuded); C, anterior thoracic sternites 1–4; D, J, dorso-lateral view showing ridge on chela and dactylus; E, K, male pleon; F, left G1 (ventral view, denuded); G, left G1 (dorsal view, denuded); H, left distal part of G1 (ventral view, denuded). A, D–H, I, J, after Crosnier (1965: figs. 68–71, 73, 85, 107, 108). Scales: B, C = 1.0 mm; K = 5.0 mm.

Fig. 43. Vulva. A, Chiromantes haematocheir, female (27.0 × 23.7 mm) (ZRC 2002.0225), Japan; B, Orisarma dehaani, female (20.4 × 17.8 mm) (ZRC 2012.0057), Japan; C, Orisarma intermedium, female (31.8 × 28.4 mm) (ZRC 2013.0140), Japan; D, Orisarma patshuni, female (20.5 × 18.1 mm) (ZRC 2014.0817), Hong Kong; E, Danarma obtusifrons, female (15.7 × 11.6 mm) (UF-FLMNH 14837), Hawaii; F, Danarma eurymerus, paratype ovigerous female (18.0 × 13.4 mm) (ZRC 2012.0956), Taiwan; G, Cristarma eulimene, female (15.6 × 12.8 mm) (ZRC 1968.1.22.3), Mozambique; H, Cristarma ortmanni, female (13.1 × 10.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1783), Kenya; I, Trapezarma angolense, female (18.2 × 14.3 mm) (ZRC 2015.0297), Cameroon; J, Platychirarma buettikoferi, ovigerous female (11.3 × 9.1 mm) (ZRC 2015.0298), Cameroon.