Coleophora sabina Baldizzone & Tabell

Baldizzone, Giorgio & Tabell, Jukka, 2016, Coleophora sabina Baldizzone & Tabell, sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) from Central Italy, Zootaxa 4097 (4), pp. 575-583 : 576-582

Coleophora sabina Baldizzone & Tabell , sp. nov.

Barcode Index Number: BOLD:ACK4956 ( Figs. 1–2)

Holotype ♂: “ LAZIO – Borbona (RI) | Vallemare | loc.[alità] Pian Zeidenti | 1320 m – 3.VI.2014 | G. Baldizzone leg.” coll. Baldizzone, Asti.

Paratypes: 1 ♂, idem; 1 ♂, ibidem, 6.VI.2014, G. Baldizzone leg.; 1 ♂ “Lazio, Borbona (RI) Vallemare, Valle del Tratturo, 1394 m, 4.VI.2014, G. Baldizzone leg.”; 1 ♂ “Lazio, Borbona (RI), Vallemare, Colle Marcone, 1121 m, 13.V.2001, M. Pinzari leg.”; 1 ♂ (PG Bldz 15719) [ DNA barcode CNCLEP 110061], ibidem, 21.V.2001, M. Pinzari leg.; 1 ♂ (PG COLE 23, M.Pinzari), ibidem, 21.V.2010, M. Pinzari leg.; 2 ♂♂, ibidem, 20.V.2014, M. Pinzari leg.; 1 ♂, “Lazio, Borbona (RI), Vallemare, Bivio Brignola, 1062 m, 26.IV.2014, M. Pinzari leg.”; 1 ♂, “Lazio, Borbona (RI), Vallemare, Valle Orticara, 1300 m, 14.V.2011, M. Pinzari leg.”; 1 ♀ (PG Bldz 15718), “Lazio, Monte Terminillo (Rieti), 1600 m, 19.VI.2012, M. Pinzari leg.”; 1 ♂ (PG Bldz 15815) [ DNA barcode CNCLEP 110062], “Lazio (RI), Villa Camponeschi, loc. Colle Petruccio, 1000 m, 29.IV.2001, A. Zilli leg.”; 1 ♂ (PG Bldz 5678) “Lazio, Jenne (Roma), Fosso Simbrivio, 13.V.1952, F. Hartig leg.”; 1 ♂ (PG Bldz 15813), “Lazio, Monte Livata, 500 m, 2.VI.1962, F. Hartig leg.”; 1 ♂ (PG Bldz 15814) ibidem, 800 m, 26.V.1964 F. Hartig leg.; 1 ♂ (PG Toll nr. 3) “Abruzzo, Monte Velino, 18.VII.1933, A.Fiori leg.”, det. Toll as Coleophora fringillella Zeller , coll. MSNM; 1 ♀ [ DNA sample 23634 Lepid. Phyl.] “ ITALY, Lazio, Roma, Monti Lepini 700 m, Carpineto Romano 4 km SE, 12.V.2014, light, evening, J. Tabell leg.”; 3 ♂♂ (GP 5217 J.Tabell), [ DNA sample 23633 Lepid. Phyl], ibidem, 13.V.2014, light 5.30 am; 2 ♀♀ (GP 5498 J.Tabell), ibidem, 19.V.2014, sweeping evening; 1 ♂, ibidem, 20.V.2014, sweeping at dawn; 1 ♂ (gen.prep. Wf 8314), 1 ♀ (gen.prep. Wf 8321) “ ITALIA, Abruzzo, Barrea, Cmp. Genziana, 5–10.VI. 2001, 1100 m., LEG HW VDWOLF”.

Paratypes are deposited in colls. MSNM (Milano, Italy), MZH (Helsinki, Finland), G. Baldizzone (Asti, Italy), M. Pinzari (Rome, Italy), J. Tabell (Hartola, Finland) and H.W. van der Wolf (Nuenen, Netherlands).

Diagnosis. C. sabina belongs to a small group of species within the group 9, section 3, subsection A in Toll’s system. Although Toll’s numerical treatment is old-fashioned, it is still the only available classification of those species, since none of them are treated in a current phylogenetic analysis ( Bauer et al. 2012) or in recent literature. In the European range this group comprises three further species, namely C. rectilineella , C. traugotti Baldizzone, 1985 and C. fringillella , of which the last one most resembles the new taxon. The external appearance and the size of adults are rather similar in C. sabina , C. rectilineella and C. fringillella (wingspans 16–19 mm), whereas C. traugotti is distinctly smaller (wingspan 10–12 mm) and paler. The forewings of C. sabina and C. fringillella are brownish yellow with white longitudinal stripes. In C. sabina the median line is united with the white margin line, whereas in C. fringillella the lines are separated, and the median area between lines is narrower in C. sabina . In the male genitalia there are only minor differences: in C. sabina the gap between dorsal margin of sacculus and cucullus is more spacious, the gnathos knob is slightly broader, the cucullus is less club-shaped and the cornuti lack basal plate. In the female genitalia, absence of median lamina and lateral bands of ductus bursae readily distinguish C. sabina from the other three taxa. Outside Europe the group comprises Asian species C. balkara (Falkovitsh & Jalava, 1997) , C. felixella Baldizzone, 1994 , C. confusa Staudinger, 1880 , and one still undetermined, possible new taxon from Uzbekistan. These species share black bands of ductus bursae in the female genitalia too, besides in C. confusa a robust spine at costa in the male genitalia is characteristic.

Molecular diagnosis. Tissue samples (dried legs) from four specimens of C. sabina were shipped to the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding in Guelph for DNA sequence analysis. All samples were sequenced successfully, resulting in 658, 636, 633 and 407 bp barcode fragments. The intraspecific divergence within the specimens of Monti Lepini population was 0 % (n=2) and 0.3 % (n=2) for the specimens from Vallemare and Rieti, whereas the distance gap between these populations was 1.26 % (geographical distance about 100 km, as the crow flies). Barcodes of C. sabina were compared to barcodes of five morphologically similar species in the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD). Interspecific distances ranged from 5.66 % to 9.11 % ( C. fringillella and C. traugotti , respectively) ( Table 1 ). The notable interspecific divergence correlates well with morphological features and supports the status of C. sabina as a distinct species. It is worth noting that C. rectilineella displays a remarkable intraspecific variation (4.3 %), which may suggest cryptic diversity. Apart from C. sabina and C. rectilineella , limited sampling did not allow to measure and evaluate the amplitude of genetic variation within the different populations of each species.

Full taxonomic and collection information of the barcoded specimens are available through the BOLD dataset DS-COLSAB at http://dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-COLSAB.

Description. Wingspan 16–18 mm. Head white, tinged with light ochreous. Antenna white, annulated with pale brown; in female basal quarter on lower surface with elongate white scales. Scape white, beneath ochreous, not tufted. Labial palp whitish, outer surface broadly brown, second article twice length of third article. Thorax white with pale ochreous median line. Forewing ochreous yellow, costal half darker with white and brownish scales, with four white stripes; costal stripe from base to 4/5, median stripe from basal 1/6 to apex, slightly bent up before margin, along fold narrow stripe from base to tornus and along margin, dorsal stripe widest at base. Fringe ochreous brown along costal margin, at dorsal margin pale grey. Hindwing and fringe pale grey. Abdomen light grey, slightly lustrous.

Male genitalia ( Figs. 6 , 12, 13 , 16, 17): Gnathos knob large, subconical, arms moderately broad. Tegumen large, constricted medially, pedunculi short. Transtilla straight, wedge-shaped. Costa strongly concave. Cucullus club-shaped, upcurved, extended entirely beyond apex of sacculus. Valvula broader than cucullus, as wide as high, densely covered with fine bristles; ventral margin indistinct, outer margin slightly bulged. Sacculus narrow; ventral margin slightly convex, apex triangular, more sclerotized; dorsal margin short, oblique, slightly concave. Phallotheca slightly arched fusiform tube, with several microgranules. In vesica a few short cornuti grouped together.

Female genitalia (Figs. 8, 19): Papillae anales moderately large, oval, densely covered with long and medium bristles. Posterior apophysis twice as long as anterior one. Sterigma subtrapezoid, 2 x wider than long; proximal margin concave, caudal margin rounded; distal half covered with long bristles, medial excavation broad. Ostium bursae broadly funnel-shaped, situated medially on sterigma. Colliculum membranous, tubular, distal part sclerotized, fluke-shaped. Ductus bursae devoid of dark laminas, about 5 x length of sterigma; spinulate section short, speckled with small, light spinules; anterior section narrow, almost straight. Corpus bursae spherical, with one small leaf-like signum. Tergum VIII bowl-shaped.

Abdominal structures ( Fig. 7): Posterior lateral struts 1/3 length of anterior ones. Transverse strut triangular, with medial sclerotized longitudinal bar, proximal margin straight, sclerotized only medially, distal margin entirely sclerotized. Tergal sclerites very narrow, about 10 x longer than wide, covered with about 35 conical spines (3rd tergum).

Bionomy. Early stages and the food plant are unknown. The specimens captured by Pinzari were attracted with a 160 W mixed light lamp, while those collected by GB were taken on the fly at sunset. JT swept specimens both at sunset and at dawn, and few specimens came to artificial light (20 W fluorescent tubes). The species has been found at altitudes between 500 and 1600 m. The flight period is between late April and mid-June, depending on the altitude and the seasonal trend.

Distribution. Central Italy: Lazio and Abruzzo. All records of C. fringillella from Italy refer to C. sabina . C. fringillella occurs in Austria, France, Hungary, Romania (Baldizzone & van der Wolf 2004) and Croatia. Etymology. The name of the new species is derived from Sabina , a historical region of central Italy, situated between Umbria, Lazio and Abruzzo. The inhabitants of the pre-Roman population were called the Sabines. Most specimens were collected in this area.

Figures

FIGURE 13. idem— (PG Bldz 15815) “ Lazio (RI), Villa Camponeschi, loc. Colle Petruccio, 1000 m, 29. IV. 2001, A. Zilli leg. ”, coll. Baldizzone.

FIGURE 6. C. sabina Baldizzone & Tabell, sp. nov. Male genitalia (PG Bldz 15813) “ Lazio, Monte Livata, 500 m, 2. VI. 1962, F. Hartig leg. ”, coll. Baldizzone.

Tables

TABLE 1. Interspecific K 2 P divergences of C. sabina Baldizzone & Tabell, sp. nov. and five in genitalia similar species, based on the analysis of COI gene. The number of examined specimens in parentheses. Maximum intraspecific variations in diagonal grey cells.

	sabina	felixella	fringillella	rectilineella	traugotti	sp.nov.
sabina (4)	1,26	8,07	5,66	7,19	9,11	7,17
felixella (2)	8,07	0	9,33	7,42	9,79	8,44
fringillella (4)	5,66	9,33	0,64	7,93	10,73	9,12
rectilineella (3)	7,19	7,42	7,93	4,3	9,16	6,72
traugotti (2)	9,11	9,79	10,73	9,16	0,62	10,32
sp.nov. (3)	7,17	8,44	9,12	6,72	10,32	0