Clavulinopsis spiralis ( Junghuhn 1838: 32 ) Corner (1950: 388)

Furtado, Ariadne N. M., Daniëls, Pablo P. & Neves, Maria Alice, 2016, New species and new records of Clavariaceae (Agaricales) from Brazil, Phytotaxa 253 (1), pp. 1-26 : 20

Clavulinopsis spiralis ( Junghuhn 1838: 32) Corner (1950: 388)

Basidiomata ( Fig. 1m ) 4.0−10 × 0.1−0.4 cm, unbranched, caespitose, rare, gregarious. Clavula light yellow (4A5), cylindric or subfusiform, often compressed, longitudinally rugulose, twisted and flexuous, apices white (1A1) and acute, becoming light yellow (1A5) with age, greenish yellow (1A7) and blunt when mature; stipe 2.0−15 × 1.0−2.0 mm, indistinct, slightly strigose at base. Context waxy, solid becoming hollow; smell and taste unrecorded.

Basidiospores ( Fig. 14a ) 5.5−7.0 × 4.5−6.0 μm (Q=1.04), globose, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, uniguttulate, with a large guttule, inamyloid; hilar appendage up to 1.0 μm long. Basidia ( Fig. 14b ) 35−62 × 5.0−13 μm, clavate, clamped; (3−)4-sterigmate 6.0−11 μm long. Cystidia absent. Hymenium 40−155 μm thick at first, absent in stipe. Subhymenium to 42.5 μm thick. Context ( Fig. 14c ) with parallel hyphae to 13 μm wide, clamped, inflated, slightly thick-walled, with many narrow, longitudinal and interweaving hyphae 2.0−7.0 μm wide with yellowish irregular intraparietal pigments, clamped.

Habitat and distribution:—In the Atlantic Forest this species is found on soil in the shade. In Brazil it is known from Amazonas ( De Lamônica-Freire 1979), Paraná ( De Meijer 2006, as Clavulinopsis aff. spiralis ) and Santa Catarina (present study). Also known from Congo ( Corner 1966), Australia, Ceylon, Java, Malaysia and Trinidad ( Corner 1950, 1970).

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Itapoá, Reserva Volta Velha , 26º08'50"S, 49º04'07"W, 18 November 2012, M.A. Neves 1077 (FLOR 56163) ; Florianópolis, Parque Municipal das Dunas da Lagoa da Conceição, 27º60’83”S, 48º45’58”W, 19 March 2013, A.N.M. Furtado 301 (FLOR 56162) .

Additional specimens examined:— AUSTRALIA. Victoria, Carnegie: n.d., J.T. Paul n.n. (BPI 332533). BRASIL. Amazonas: Manaus, Estrada para Caracaraí Km 115, 22 May 1978, R. Singer n.n. (INPA 79016), ibid., 20 July 1978, R. Singer n.n. (INPA 80976). MALAYSIA. Gunong Panti: Johore, 20 April 1930, E.J.H. Corner n.n. (BPI 294893).

Remarks:—Based on macroscopic characteristics Cs. spiralis could be mistaken for a pale form of Cs. amoena . However, the subhymenial hyphae of Cs. amoena have small granules that turn green when exposed to iodine and the basidiospores of this species are wider (7.0−9.0 × 7.0−8.5 μm) and subglobose ( Corner 1950). Meijer (2006) collected specimens in Paraná that he named Cs. aff. spiralis . Unfortunately the four collections deposited at MBM were on loan when the manuscript was prepared and we could not have access to them.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Photographs of basidiomata in the field. a Clavaria diverticulata (ACM 1044); b. Ca. fragilis (ACM 1041); c. Ca. fumosa (ACM 598); d. Ca. gibbsiae (ANMF 484); e. Ca. subglobosa (MAN 732); f. Ca. zollingeri (ANMF 365); g. Clavulinopsis amoena (KEL 21); h. Cs. aurantiocinnabarina (ANMF 382); i. Cs. dimorphica (ACM 1051); j. Cs. helvola (KEL 34); k. Cs. imperata (ANMF 482); l. Cs. laeticolor (ANMF 495); m. Cs. spiralis (MAN 1077); n. Ramariopsis kunzei (ACM 596). Bars = 1.0 cm. Photographs by Altielys C. Magnago (A, B, C, I, N) and Raquel Friedrich (G).

FIGURE 14. Microcharacters of Clavulinopsis spiralis (MAN 1077). a. Basidiospores; b. Basidia; c. Hyphae with intraparietal pigments. Bars = 10 μm.