Bruggmanniella, Tavares, 1909

Lin, Sheng-Feng, Yang, Man-Miao & Tokuda, Makoto, 2020, Molecular Phylogeny Revealing the Single Origin of - associated (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Asia, with Descriptions of Three New and One Newly Recorded Species from Taiwan., Zoological Studies 59 (66), pp. 1-16 : 4-7

Genus Bruggmanniella belongs to the subtribe Asphondyliina and comprises 17 known species worldwide ( Gagné and Jaschhof 2017; Lin et al. 2019 2020; Garcia et al. 2020; Rodrigues et al. 2020). In this article, three new species are described and one known species is recorded from Taiwan for the first time; all the species are associated with Cinnamomum species.

Morphological features of Bruggmanniella are summarized in Gagné (1994) and Gagné et al. (2004), and they were compared to related Palearctic genera in Tokuda and Yukawa (2006). Briefly, Bruggmanniella species are separated from Pseudasphondylia Monzen, 1955 and Probruggmanniella Möhn, 1961 by the presence of setae on the larval cervical papillae and on all papillae of the ventral surface, less constricted male flagellomeres, convolute male circumfila, presense of an apical spur on the first tarsomeres, and the absense of setae on lateral papillae on larval thoracic segments (Tokuda 2004; Möhn 1961a; Tokuda and Yukawa 2006). In addition, two separate teeth on the gonostylus are regarded as a common feature of Bruggmanniella ( Tokuda and Yukawa 2006) . However, in this article we describe a new species based on its bidentate tooth of the gonostylus and other morphological features that fit well with the genus; in addition, our molecular phylogenetic analysis clearly indicates that the species is in the clade of Bruggmanniella (see below).

Bruggmanniella turoguei sp. nov. Lin, Yang and Tokuda ( Figs. 2 , 5A , 6A, D ; Table 2) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:369831A8-5701-4D23-A7A1-B6403FCCEA8F

Type materials: Holotype. Male (on slide, NCHU), TAIWAN: Taichung City, Shalian Ln , adult reared from galls that collected on 28.iv.2016 and emerged on 2.v.2016, S.F. Lin leg. Paratypes. TAIWAN: 7ò 7ñ (on slides, NCHU) collected data same as holotype; 2 pupal exuviae (on slides, NCHU) Taichung City, Shalian Ln, 28.iv.2018, S.F. Lin leg.; 1 pupa (in ethanol, NCHU), 2 pupal exuviae (on slide, NCHU) Taichung City, Shalian Ln, 1.iv.2018, S.F. Lin leg.; 10 larvae (6 on slides, 4 in ethanol, NCHU), Nantou Co., Lianhuachi Research Center, 20.iii.2020, S.F. Lin leg.

Other material examined: TAIWAN: 1 larval skin (on slide, NCHU), Nantou, Lianhuachih Research Center, 2.iv.2019, S.F. Lin leg.

Etymology: The species name is derived from transliteration of the Chinese common name of the host species.

Host: Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh is endemic to Taiwan ( Lu et al. 2000).

Gall: Multi-chambered stem galls with irregular swellings; approximately 1 cm in diameter and 1 to 12 cm long.

Distribution: Mountain areas of central Taiwan

Life history: Immature larvae are found in the galls from January to early April; larvae mature and pupate during April; adults emerge from galls in early May. One or two years are required to complete one generation.

Adult: Head. Eye bridge three to four facets long; frontoclypeal setal count as in table 2; palpus foursegmented, first segment globose, second to fourth successively elongated; twelve flagellomeres all with flexuous circumfila, gradually becoming shorter from first to tenth, distal three subequal in length in male, gradually shortened and the terminal one subglobular in female ( Fig. 2B, C ). Thorax. Thoracic setal and scale counts as in table 2; legs with dense blackish scales; first tarsomeres of all legs with apical spur ( Fig. 2D ); female fifth tarsomere shorter than male; claws strongly curved on all legs; pulvilli shorter than claws; empodia as long as claws ( Fig. 2E ); Wing densely covered with dark grayish hairs; wing length 2.5–2.8 mm in male (n = 8) and 3.1–3.4 mm in female (n = 7), 2.6 times as long as wide in male and 2.2–2.5 times as long as wide in female, R5 joining costa posterior to wing apex ( Fig. 2G, H ). Male abdomen. First through seventh abdominal tergites rectangular, with one or two rows of posterior setae; both tergites and sternites without anterior pair of trichoid sensilla. Terminalia ( Fig. 5A ): cerci setose, each rounded at apex; hypoproct deeply incised V-shaped emargination, each lobe with an apical seta; gonostylus suboval, distally with 2 very closely situated solid teeth; gonocoxite massive, with mediobasal lobe; aedeagus longer than hypoproct, distally tapering, basal part laterally sclerotized. Female abdomen. Seventh sternite 448–680 μm long (n = 7), 2.1 times as long as sixth sternite; ovipositor protractile, slender, aciculate, basally with a bilobed cerci-like structure; needle part of ovipositor 0.88–0.96 mm long (n = 7), 1.4–2.1 times as long as seventh sternite. Otherwise as in male.

Pupa: Body length 3.2–3.4 mm, pupal skin not pigmented except for antennal horn. Antennal horn 450– 500 µm long, dorsoventrally flattened, anterior margin narrowed, posterolaterally with small lobe ( Fig. 6A ); cephalic seta 80–90 µm long; frons without horns; facial papillae not visible; prothoracic spiracle 280–320 µm long; spiracles on second to sixth abdominal segments 25–30 µm long; second to seventh abdominal segments with 9 to 10 transverse rows of spines; eight dorsal papillae on first to seventh abdominal segments, most outer and second inner pairs with seta; two dorsal papillae on eighth abdominal segment, each with seta; each segment with pleural papilla, each with seta.

Full growth larva: Body color yellow, body length 2.8–3.0 mm. Second antennal segment short, conical; cervical papillae with seta. Sternal spatula approximately 300 µm long ( Fig. 6D ), anteriorly with two lobes; four lateral papillae and a sternal papillae present on each side of all thoracic segments, each with seta; four dorsal papillae on all thoracic and first through seventh abdominal segments, 2 dorsal papillae on eighth abdominal segment, each with seta; one pleural papilla present on each side, each with seta; terminal papillae not apparent. Each abdominal segment, except terminal one, ventrally with many transverse rows of minute spines and covered with small triangular spines.

Bruggmanniella shianguei sp. nov. Lin, Yang and Tokuda ( Figs. 3 and 5B , 6B, E ; Table 3) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:151A1E27-B237-44CC-9EEC-41BD4CA08E66

Type material: Holotype. Male (on slide, NCHU), TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Huisun Forest Area , adult emerged on 27.iv.2016 reared from stem gall collected on 21.iv.2016, S.F. Lin leg. Paratypes. TAIWAN: 5ò 4ñ (on slides, NCHU), same data as holotype; 2ò 4ñ (on slides, NCHU) same data as holotype except emergence date on 2.v.2016, S.F. Lin leg.; 2ñ (on slides, NCHU) same data as holotype except emergence date on 23.iv.2016, S.F. Lin leg.; 1 larva, 6 pupal exuviae (on slides, NCHU), same collection data as holotype, S.F. Lin leg.; 2 larvae (on slides, NCHU), 13 pupae (4 on slides and 9 in ethanol, NCHU), Taichung City, Mt. Tungma, 25.iv.2017, S.F. Lin leg.

Etymology: The species name is derived from Chinese pronunciation of host plant species.

Host: Cinnamomum subavenium Miq. is distributed in Borneo, Cambodia, China South-Central, China Southeast, Malaya, Myanmar, Sulawesi, Taiwan, and Vietnam ( Lu et al. 2000; Hassler 2019).

Gall: Multi-chambered ellipsoid galls are induced on stem. The size is smaller than 1 cm long and wide.

Distribution: Mountain areas of Taiwan.

Life history: Immature larvae are found in the gall from October to the following February and mature larvae in March. Pupae are found from late March to early April and adults emerge in early May. This species does not seem to be univoltine, because well-developed galls are not found every year in the same locality. Instead, fresh galls are found biennially, suggesting that the species has a two-year life type of cycle.

Adult: Head. Eye bridge two or three facets long; frontoclypeal setal counts as in table 3; palpus 4-segmented ( Fig. 3A ), first globose, second to fourth elongated and subequal in length; distal three flagellomeres as in figure 3B and 3C. Thorax. First tarsomeres as in figure 3D; empodia equal length to claws in male, shorter than claw in female ( Fig. 3E, F ). Wing 2.0– 2.8 mm long in male (n = 7, Fig. 3G ) and 2.8–3.2 mm long in female (n = 4, Fig. 3H ); thoracic setal and scale counts as in table 3. Male abdomen. Terminalia ( Fig. 6B ): hypoproct shorter than cerci, shallowly incised V-shaped emargination; 2 solid teeth of gonostylus rather apart from each other; gonocoxite slightly extended beyond gonostylus. Female abdomen. Seventh sternite 469–538 μm long (n = 8), 2.0 times as long as sixth sterminte; needle part of ovipositor 0.85– 0.92 mm long, 1.8 times as long as seventh sternite. Otherwise as in B. turoguei .

Pupa: Body length 1.8–2.4 mm. Antennal horn dorsoventrally flattened, anterior margin narrowed, posterolaterally with small lobe, antennal horn 460–480 µm long ( Fig. 6B ); cephalic papilla with seta, 75–85 µm long; prothoracic horn 280–310 µm long; spiracles on second to sixth abdominal segments 25–30 µm long; second to seventh abdominal segments with nine to 10 transverse rows of spines. Otherwise as in B. turoguei .

Full growth larva: Body color yellow, body length 1.6–1.8 mm. Second antennal segment short, conical; cervical papillae with seta. Sternal spatula 260–300 µm long ( Fig. 6E ), anteriorly with two lobes; four lateral papillae and a sternal papillae present on each side of all thoracic segments ( Fig. 6E ), each with seta. Otherwise as in B. turoguei sp. nov.

Figures

Fig. 2. Bruggmanniella turoguei sp. nov. (A) Male head (ventral view) (B) Male antenna (7–12 segment). (C) Female antenna (7–12 segment). (D) Male 1st tarsomere. (E) Male 5th tarsomere. (F) Female 5th tarsomere. (G) Male wing. (H) Female wing. Scale bars: A–C = 0.03 mm; D–F = 0.1 mm; G–H = 1 mm.

Fig. 5. Male genitalia of Taiwanese Cinnamomum–associated Bruggmanniella. (A) Bruggmanniella turoguei sp. nov., (B) B. shianguei sp. nov., and (C) B. sanlianensis sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 6. Taiwanese Cinnamomum–associated Bruggmanniella. Bruggmanniella turoguei sp. nov. (A, D), B. shianguei sp. nov. (B, E), B. sanlianensis sp. nov. (C, F). Scale bars: pupal head (A–C) = 0.5 mm and for larval sternal spatula (D–F) = 0.1 mm. Larval lateral papillae shown in dotted blue circles.

Fig. 3. Bruggmanniella shianguei sp. nov. (A) Male head (ventral view) (B) Male antenna (8–12 segment). (C) Female antenna (8–12 segment). (D) Male 1st tarsomere. (E) Male 5th tarsomere. (F) Female 5th tarsomere. (G) Male wing. (H) Female wing. Scale bars: A–C = 0.03 mm; D–F = 0.1 mm; G–H = 1 mm.