Chrysophyllum inornatum Martius (1838: 96)

Völtz, Rafael R., Alves-Araújo, Anderson & Goldenberg, Renato, 2020, Native Species of Sapotaceae Juss. in Paraná, Brazil, Phytotaxa 430 (4), pp. 224-276 : 234-236

1.2 Chrysophyllum inornatum Martius (1838: 96) . Figure 6

Understory tree. Trunk section cylindrical or irregular in the lower third of the trunk, unbuttressed or slightly buttressed; bark light yellowish-brown, fissured-scaly, fissure shallow, short, V-shaped or wavy, parallel or oblique, ridges flattened, scales papyraceous, rectangular; slash light yellow-orange to light-red, tangential section with longitudinal streaks, not discoloured, abundant or scanty white latex. Stems with young shoots ochre, soon light yellowish-brown, not lenticellate, cracked, rounded, young shoots sericeous-tomentose, soon glabrous. Leaves distichous, spaced. Petiole 3.0– 11.5 mm long, grooved, sericeous-tomentose, rarely glabrous. Leaf blade chartaceous, (3.0–)4.5–15.0(–19.0) × 2.0– 5.5 cm, elliptic to narrow-elliptic, apex short-acuminate, long-acuminate or acute, base acute and slightly decurrent or cuneate, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface pubescent, venation brochidodromous, midrib sunken on the adaxial surface, raised on the abaxial surface, secondaries 10–18 pairs, straight, slightly raised or flat on the adaxial surface, raised on the abaxial surface, intersecondaries long, tertiary veins ramified, flat on the adaxial surface, slightly raised on the abaxial surface, quaternary veins inconspicuous. Inflorescences axillary, 1–5-flowered. Pedicel 5.5–11.0 mm long, sericeous-tomentose. Flowers androgynous, cream or whitish in vivo; sepals valvate, ca. 1.2 mm long, lanceolate, apex acute, margin entire, abaxial surface sericeous-tomentose, adaxial surface glabrous or glabrescent, without a broad glabrous marginal stripe; corolla campanulate, glabrous, ca. 3.8 mm long, tube longer than the lobes, ca. 2.3 mm long, lobes ca. 1.4 mm long, ovate, apex acute or rounded; stamens fixed at the top of the corolla tube, filaments ca. 0.7 mm long, glabrous, anthers ca. 0.6 mm long, glabrous; ovary ca. 1.1 mm long, ovoid, style ca. 0.7 mm long, glabrous, stigma slightly lobed. Fruit ripening black, ca. 2.8 × 1.1 cm, ellipsoid-lanceolate, glabrous, exocarp membranaceous, mesocarp fleshy and endocarp membranaceous, calyx and style persistent, 1-seeded. Seed ca. 2.0 × 0.7 cm, ellipsoid-fusiform, not laterally compressed, testa smooth; scar basi-ventral, 7.0 mm long, narrow, covering about one-thirds of the seed length, cordate.

Selected material: — BRAZIL. Paraná: Adrianópolis, 30 November 2016, R.R. Völtz 1088 ( MBM, NY, RB, UPCB). Cambé, 18 November 2011, E.M. Francisco 461 ( FUEL). Guaraqueçaba, 17 September 2016, R.R. Völtz 973

( EFC). Guaraqueçaba, 5 May 2018, R.R. Völtz 1525 ( EFC). Guaratuba, 22 November 2016, R.R. Völtz 1089 ( UPCB). Morretes, 01 April 1982, A.C. Cervi 1979 ( UPCB). Morretes, 18 February 1982, G.G. Hatschbach 44580 ( MBM, UPCB). Sertanópolis, 27 October 2009, E.M. Francisco 509 ( FUEL).

In Paraná Chrysophyllum inornatum occurs in the coastal lowland on alluvial plains and in the mountainous region of the Atlantic coast and Serra do Mar on riversides and creeks between near sea level and 950 m elev., in Atlantic Rain Forest. Some collections have been made at the Third plateau between 570 and 600 m elev., in Semideciduous Seasonal Forest. Collected with flowers in January–April, and October–December, with fruits in April and July–December. It can be recognized by the crown with spreading branches, slash usually with an externally light-red ring and light yellow-orange in the center, the distichous leaves that are bicolored, dark green on the adaxial surface and light green on the abaxial surface (in vivo). It shares similar vegetative morphology with C. marginatum and D. cuspidatum due to the leaves arrangement and shape and the venation pattern. It differs from the latter by the wider spacing between the secondary veins (vs. closer veins in D. cuspidatum ) that does not give the leaves a striate appearance, and from the former by the stem not lenticellate (vs. lenticellate in C. marginatum ), the pedicel 5.5–11.0 mm long (vs. 1.0–3.0 mm long), corolla ca. 3.8 mm long (vs. 1.7–2.3 mm long), the tube longer than the lobes (vs. about equalling the lobes), and fruit ca. 2.8 cm long, ellipsoid-lanceolate (vs. 0.6 cm long, suborbiculate or ellipsoid).

Conservation Status: —This species was listed as “Least concern” ( LC) by CNCFlora (2018). In Paraná C. inornatum is widespread along the Atlantic Rain Forest and most of its populations are in protected areas. The populations that occur in Semideciduous Seasonal Forest are restricted to a few isolated patches among agricultural/ grazing and urban areas, with only one specimen collected in a protected area.

Figures

FIGURE 6. Chrysophyllum inornatum. A. Habit. B. Bark. C. Slash. D. Abaxial surface of the leaf. E. Flower, longitudinal section. F. Adaxial surface of the corolla. G. Lateral and frontal view of the seed. H. Fruit. I. Stem with flower. J. Detail of the indumentum. K. Flower in vivo. (A–D, G–H from R.R. Völtz 1525; E–F, J–K from R.R. Völtz 1088; I from R. Kummrow 1670) (ov: ovary; sc: seed scar; st: stamen).