CHRYSOBALANACEAE

Baksh-Comeau, Yasmin S., Maharaj, Shobha S., Adams, Dennis, Harris, Stephen A., Filer, Denis L. & Hawthorne, William D., 2016, An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical ‘ hotspots’, Phytotaxa 250 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

CHRYSOBALANACEAE

Chrysobalanus icaco L., Sp. Pl. 1: 513 (1753) Syn: Chrysobalanus icaco L. var. pellocarpus (G.F.W.Meyer) Hook. ; Chrysobalanus pellocarpus E.Mey. ; Chrysobalanus savannarum Britton Common name: Coco Plum, Fat Pork, Icacos, Icaque, Zeekak, Zicaque. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Open savanna; littoral hedge, thickets, palm marsh. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; SW Erin-Guapo; Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 3% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Aripo Savanna, Britton et al. 2005 (NY); Cumuto, Adams 13743 (TRIN). Global range: Widespread in subtropical and tropical Americas and the Caribbean.

Hirtella paniculata Sw., Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 51 (1788) Syn: Hirtella hirsuta Lam. Common Name : Coco Chat. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forests and savanna thickets, especially in regenerating woody vegetation at savanna margins, palm marsh and disturbed areas. IUCN: NE. Star: BU. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Biche-Poole; Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Near Aripo, Prance 2110 (BM); Eastern Main Road, towards Valencia, Broadway 5583 (BM); Aripo Savanna, Howard 10329 (BM), Adams 13728 (TRIN); South Aripo Savanna, Adams 14572 (TRIN). Global range: St. Vincent, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, northern Brazil.

Hirtella racemosa Lam., Encycl. 3: 133 (1789) Common name: Cocochat. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Seasonal, swamp, marsh and lower montane forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Biche-Poole; Brasso Seco; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Matura-Salybia; SW Erin-Guapo; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 2: 38% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 17% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Lot 42, Broadway 4457 (BM). TRINIDAD: Caparo, Broadway 2823 (BM); Quare River forests, Broadway 6844 (BM), Broadway 7549 (BM); Turure River forests, Broadway 7704 (BM); Mora Forest, Broadway 6619 (BM); Arena Forest Reserve, Alston 5150 (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Hirtella silicia Griseb., Fl. Brit. W.I. 229 (1860) Common name: Bois Canari, Coco Chat, Crueger’s Cauto. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Evergreen lowland to lower montane forests. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Brasso Seco; Central Range; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; North central coast. NEL Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Catshill-Basse Terre; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 38% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 25% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 4% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: The Widow, near Easterfield, Broadway 3577 (BM); Forest Reserve, Broadway 4025 (BM); Menna Road, sine coll. (TRIN 11136); Caledonia, Sandwith 1721 (K). TRINIDAD: Without locality, Fendler 1020 (BM, OXF). Global range: Venezuela, Guianas.

Hirtella triandra Sw. subsp. triandra Prodr. 51 (1788) Syn: Hirtella americana Jacq. ; Hirtella triandra Sw. Common Name : Coco Chat, Fruta Paloma. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Seasonal forests, riverbanks. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; SW Erin-Guapo; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 6% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Great Dog River, Sandwith 1737 (K). TRINIDAD: St. Anns, Broadway 8977 (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Licania apetala (E.Mey.) Fritsch var. aperta (Benth.) Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 68 (1972) Syn: Couepia guianensis Aubl. ; Licania affinis Kuntze ; Licania kuntzeana Urban ; Moquilea kuntzeana (Urban) R.O.Williams Habit : Tree. Habitat: Savanna. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Longdenville-Talparo. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: O’Meara Savanna, Crueger s.n. (TRIN 2646); Aripo Savanna, sine coll. (TRIN 5700); Piarco Savanna, Britton & Hazen 691 (GH, NY, US). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador,

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

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Peru.

Licania cruegeriana Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 353 (1908) Syn: Licania crassifolia Griseb. Habit : Tree. Habitat: Hillside forest, lower montane forests. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Maracas-Tucuche; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 2: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 24% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 11% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Las Cuevas, Crueger 205 (GOET, K, NY, TRIN 2065); Morne Catherine, Adams 14623 (TRIN); Maracas, sine coll. (TRIN 2068). Global range: Central America, Venezuela.

Licania heteromorpha Benth. var. heteromorpha, J. Bot. (Hooker) 2: 221 (1840) Syn: Licania biglandulosa Griseb. ex Urban ; Licania heteromorpha Benth. Common Name : Wild Cocoa, Wild Debasse, Wild Gasparee. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Seasonal, marsh forest and lower montane to montane forests. IUCN: NE. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Biche-Poole; Brasso Seco; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Longdenville-Talparo; Maracas-Tucuche; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Rampanalgas-Toco. NEL Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 88% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 88% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 57% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Mt. Dillon, Keeler-Wolf, 180A (TRIN32183); Roxborough-Parlatuvier Rd., Webster et al. 9806 (TRIN 19214); Mason Hall, Williams, s.n. (TRIN 11138); TRINIDAD: Northern Range Reserve, Marshall, s.n. (TRIN 12688); Blanchisseuse Reserve, Brooks s.n. (TRIN 12484); Aripo Savannah, Alexander s.n. (TRIN 5695); Central Range Reserve, Marshall s.n.(TRIN 11930); Valencia, Britton s.n. (TRIN 9240); Maracas Bay, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 6653); Cerro del Aripo, Baksh 31 (TRIN 28433); Arena Reserve, Marshall s.n. (TRIN 12426); Mt. Aripo, Swabey & Dean s.n. (TRIN 13139); Aripo, Alexander s.n. (TRIN 6938); Cunapo Road, Kalloo 367 (TRIN 30266); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Baker et al. s.n. (TRIN 14919); Morne Bleu Trail, Johnson & Jodhan 1158 (TRIN 33215). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Licania leucosepala Griseb., Goett. Abh. 7: 198 (1857) Syn: Moquilea leucosepala (Griseb.) R.O.Williams Habit : Tree. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Caledonia, Broadway 4483 (BM, F, GH, K, MO, NY, S, U, US). TRINIDAD: Arima, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 9069); Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Johnson & Jodhan 1172 (TRIN 33248). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Venezuela.

Licania membranacea Sagot ex Laness., Pl. Util. Col. Franc. 130 (1886) Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: NE. Star: BU. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Biche-Poole; Brasso Seco; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Maracas-El Tucuche; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Rampanalgas-Toco; SW Erin-Guapo; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 25% RBS samples; Vegnum 2: 63% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 27% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 7% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Aripo Savanna, Kalloo 1817 (TRIN 31555); Arima-Blanchisseuse, Kalloo 240 (TRIN 23556); Arima-Blanchisseuse, Marshall s.n. (TRIN 11912); Arima-Blanchisseuse, Prance s.n. (TRIN 19287). Global range: Guyana, French Guiana.

Licania platypus (Hemsl.) Fritsch, Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 4: 53 (1889) Exotic.

Licania pyrifolia Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 230 (1860) Syn: Moquilea pyrifolia (Griseb.) R.O.Williams Exotic.

Licania ternatensis Hook. f ex Duss, Kew Bull. 251 (1893) Syn: Licania hypoleuca Griseb. Common name: Bois Fer, Bois Gris, Cass, Cassé. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Seasonal, marsh and lower montane forests, lowland and xerophytic rain forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. PSP Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Rampanalgas-Toco; Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop. MAT Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Grande Riviere-Matelot. Vouchers (selected): St. Ann’s, Purdie s.n.,

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BAKSH-COMEAU ET AL.

Crueger s.n. (K). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia.

Parinari campestris Aubl., Pl. Gui. 1: 514 (1775) Common name: Bois Bandé. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Savanna margins, seasonally flooded river banks, open places; open savanna; seasonal, marsh, palm marsh and lower montane forest. IUCN: NE. Star: BU. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Brasso Seco; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop. PSP Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Rampanalgas-Toco. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 2: 25% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 27% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arima, Crueger s.n. (K). Global range: Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Bolivia.