Chionanthus mala-elengi subsp. terniflorus (Wall. ex G.Don) Green (1996: 767)

Quang, Bui Hong & Nuraliev, Maxim S., 2021, The genus Chionanthus (Oleaceae) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, Phytotaxa 525 (3), pp. 167-195 : 175-176

5a. Chionanthus mala-elengi subsp. terniflorus (Wall. ex G.Don) Green (1996: 767) .

≡ Linociera terniflora Wallich ex Don (1837: 53) . de Candolle (1844: 297), Clarke (1882: 610), Craib (1912: 128), Kanjilal et al. (1939: 236), Kerr (1939: 415), Kress et al. (2003: 320), Jin et al. (2016: 161). ≡ Chionanthus terniflorus (Wall. ex G.Don) Griffith (1854: 740) . Nair & Janardhanan (1981: 332; as “ Chionanthus terniflorus (Kurz) Griff. ”), Panigrahi (1985: 59). ≡ Olea terniflora (Wall. ex G.Don) Kurz (1875: 88) . Kurz (1877: 157). ≡ Chionanthus burmanicus Panigrahi (1982: 120) . Panigrahi (1985: 59).

TYPE: — MYANMAR. Salween river, 1827, N. Wallich 2845 (lectotype, designated by Green [1996: 767]: K-W K001118010 photo!; probable isolectotype: K: K000978735 photo!).

Images of lectotype and isolectotype available at http://www.kew.org/herbcatimg/684625.jpg http://www.kew.org/herbcatimg/592279.jpg

= Linociera acuminata Wall. ex de Candolle (1844: 298) . ≡ Linociera terniflora var. acuminata (Wall. ex de Candolle) Clarke (1882: 610) . ≡ Mayepea acuminata (Wall. ex de Candolle) Kuntze (1891: 411) . ≡ Chionanthus terniflorus var. acuminatus (Wall. ex de Candolle) Bahadur & Gaur (1981: 77) . TYPE: — MYANMAR. W. Griffith 1525 (holotype: G; IDC microfiche 800/2, 1488/12).

= Linociera caudata Collett & Hemsley (1890: 84) . Craib (1912: 128), Kerr (1939: 411), Chia (1955: 349), Pai (1986: 627), Kress et al. (2003: 319). ≡ Chionanthus caudatus (Coll. & Hemsl.) Bahadur & Gaur (1981: 77) . Panigrahi (1985: 59), Chang et al. (1996: 293). TYPE: — MYANMAR. Shan hills, 915 m, March 1888, H. Collett 401 (holotype: K: K000978731 photo!).

= Linociera pierrei Gagnepain (1932: 786) . Gagnepain (1933: 1071), Ho (2003: 884, Fig. 7562), Ly (2003: 1168). TYPE: — VIETNAM. Bien Hoa [territory of Dong Nai, Ba Ria-Vung Tau and Binh Phuoc provinces]: crescit ad Bao Chang [Bao Chiang], tree 10–15 m, September 1869, J.B.L. Pierre 2091 (lectotype, designated here: P: P03426175 photo!).

= Linociera pubipaniculata Merrill (1934: 187) . TYPE: — INDONESIA. Sumatra, east coast, Petjeren, Karoland , 22 June 1928, C. Hamel, R.S. Toroes 777 (holotype: NY: 00297273 photo!; isotypes: A: 00075041 photo!; S: S-G-3693 photo!; UC).

= Chionanthus terniflorus (Kurz) Griffith var. acuminatus (C.B.Clarke) Nair & Janardhanan (1981: 332) , nom. inval. (incorrect basionym reference).

Literature: — Kiew (1998: 473), Green (2000b: 286, 2003: 264), Newman et al. (2007: 248), Toyama et al. (2013a: 101), Cho et al. (2016: 141), de Juana Clavero (2016: 14), Jin et al. (2016: 160), Gardner et al. (2018: 1702).

Etymology: —The epithet “ terniflorus ” of this subspecies means “tern-flowered” according to Don (1837) and apparently refers to the pattern of inflorescence branching.

Notes:

1. Gagnepain (1932) cited ten gatherings from the Eastern Indochina in the protologue of Linociera pierrei , i.e. Pierre 143, Pierre 859, Pierre 1822, Pierre 2091, Poilane 2547, Poilane 9989, Poilane 19525, Thorel s.n. from Bassac, Thorel s.n. from Pak Lay and Thorel s.n. from Luang Prabang, which should be treated as syntypes following Art. 9.6 of the Shenzhen Code ( Turland et al. 2018). We found all of these gatherings in P and duplicates of some of them in A, NY, P and VNM.

Critical survey of literature and virtual herbaria revealed that a lectotype for this name had not been designated in earlier studies ( Gagnepain 1933, Green 1996, 2000b, 2003, Toyama et al. 2013a). We selected the specimen Pierre 2091 (P, barcode P03426175) from Vietnam as the lectotype following Arts. 9.3 and 9.11 of the Shenzhen Code ( Turland et al. 2018) as it is the only specimen bearing open flowers.

2. Kiew (1998: 473) erroneously indicated the holotype of Linociera pubipaniculata to be housed in UC. In fact, Merrill (1934: 149) clearly stated that ”the types, unless otherwise stated in the text, are in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden”.

3. Chionanthus burmanicus var. acuminatus (Wall. ex G.Don) Panigrahi (1982: 120 ; see also Panigrahi 1985) was apparently intended to be based on Linociera acuminata . However, Olea acuminata Wall. ex G. Don (1837: 49) was erroneously indicated as its basionym ( Green 1996). Olea acuminata is currently treated as a synonym of Osmanthus fragrans Loureiro (1790: 29) .

4. The specimens Bui 53 and Bach et al. VK 5203 are characterized by unusually large leaves (10) 16–25 cm long, whereas C. mala-elengi subsp. terniflorus was known to have leaves up to 20 cm long (e.g. Gagnepain 1932, 1933 for Linociera pierrei ). In this respect, these specimens approach the characteristics of C. henryanus . We assign our specimens to C. mala-elengi subsp. terniflorus because they have small fruits about 1 cm long. Our data thus expand the known variation of leaf size in this species.

Habitat and phenology: —Evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, at 50–1600 m a.s.l. Flowering and fruiting almost all year round.

Distribution in the region: — Cambodia: Kampong Thom ( Toyama et al. 2013a, Cho et al. 2016) and Pursat (Tuol Kruos); Laos: Luang Prabang (Phou Phung), Sainyabuli (Pak Lay) and Bassac area; Vietnam: Ba Ria-Vung Tau (Mu Xoai mountains), Dong Nai (Chia Chian and Nui Chua mountains, Vinh Cuu Nature Reserve, Dinh Quan), Kon Tum (Ngoc Linh), Ninh Thuan (Nui Chua National Park).

Distribution worldwide: — India: Arunachal Pradesh; Bangladesh; Myanmar: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Rakhine, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon; China: possibly, Yunnan (see Pai 1986 and Chang et al. 1996); Thailand: Chanthaburi, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Chonburi, Lampang, Loei, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nan, Phrae, Saraburi, Sukhothai, Phitsanulok, Ranong, Trat, Uthai Thani; Indonesia: Northeast Sumatra.

Additional specimens examined:— CAMBODIA. Pursat: Tuol Kruos, near Péam Prus, open forest, 100 m, 04 May 1965, M.A. Martin 754 (P: P03426128); May 1870, J.B.L. Pierre 859 (remaining syntype of Linociera pierrei , P: P03426126). LAOS. Luang Prabang: Phou Phung, 02 March 1932, E. Poilane 20295 (L: L.4175688; LE: LE01058584; P: P00267145, P00267146, P00267147); 1866–1868, C. Thorel s.n. (remaining syntype of Linociera pierrei , P: P03426130); Sainyabuli: Pak Lay, 1866–1868, C. Thorel s.n. (remaining syntype of Linociera pierrei , P: P03426127); Bassac area: 1866–1868, C. Thorel s.n. (remaining syntype of Linociera pierrei , P: P03426129). VIETNAM. Kon Tum: open secondary forest on W slope of Ngoc Linh mountain system at 1600 m alt., tree up to 8 m high, fruits blue violet, 15 March 1995, L. Averyanov, N.T. Ban, A. Budantzev, L. Budantzev, N.T. Hiep, D.D. Huyen, P.K. Loc, N.X. Tam, G. Yakovlev VH 763 (HN: HN0000073548, HN0000073549, HN0000073550; MO, not seen; P: P03426182); Ninh Thuan: Ninh Hai District, Nui Chua National Park, Cotuy forest, eastern flange of Nui Chua Range, Cotuy grassland at Vung Olim campsite, open grassland with boulders and scattered trees and shrubs, and occasional thorny forest patches, 11°43.32’N, 109°08.16’E, 700 m, tree 25–30 m tall, dbh 45 cm, bark gray, cracked irregularly into pieces, peeling off, brown, granular, fruit green, 10 January 2010, D.D. Soejarto, N.T. Trung, T.N. Ninh, T.T. Trinh DDS_14565 (P: P05108210); Ka Rom, Phan Rang, 600 m, tree 10–11 m, 08 March 1924, E. Poilane 9989 (remaining syntypes of Linociera pierrei , P: P00640679, P00640680; VNM: VNM00015749, VNM00015752); Bien Hoa [territory of Dong Nai, Ba Ria-Vung Tau and Binh Phuoc provinces]: crescit ad Bao Chang [Bao Chiang], tree 4–6 m, July 1877, J.B.L. Pierre 1822 (remaining syntypes of Linociera pierrei , A: 00105321; NY: 00297263; P: P00640676, P00640677; VNM: VNM00015751); Dong Nai: Vinh Cuu District, Vinh Cuu Nature Reserve, 28 February 2013, H.Q. Bui 53 (HN: HN0000074714, HN0000074715); same location and date, T.T. Bach, D.V. Hai, H.Q. Bui, V.A. Thuong VK 5203 (HN: HN0000074703, HN0000074704); Dinh Quan, tree 8–10 m, 04 December 1932, E. Poilane 21638 (P: P00267128, P00267129); Bien Hoa, Gia Ray, foot of Chia Chian mountains, tree 4 m high and 0.3 m in diameter, 13 February 1921, E. Poilane 2547 (remaining syntypes of Linociera pierrei , A: 00105319; P: P00640678; VNM: VNM00015748); Bien Hoa, mout. Nui Chua Chan, 650 m, tree 6–7 m, 07 October 1931, E. Poilane 19525 (remaining syntypes of Linociera pierrei , A: 00105320; P: P00640681; VNM: VNM00015750); Ba Ria-Vung Tau: Mu Xoai mountains, tree 10–15 m, December 1866, J.B.L. Pierre 143 (remaining syntypes of Linociera pierrei , A: 00105318; P: P03426178, P03426179).