Chilecicada oraria, Sanborn & Cole & Stukel & Łukasik & Veloso & Gonzalez & Karkar & Simon, 2021

Sanborn, Allen F., Cole, Jeffrey A., Stukel, Mark, Łukasik, Piotr, Veloso, Claudio, Gonzalez, Valorie A., Karkar, Jessica B. & Simon, Chris, 2021, Thirteen new species of Chilecicada Sanborn, 2014 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae: Tibicininae) expand the highly endemic cicada fauna of Chile, Zootaxa 5078 (1), pp. 1-70 : 33-38

Chilecicada oraria n. sp. Sanborn and Cole

Fig. 8 (morphology), Plate 1 (live habitus), Plate 3 (song), Plate 5 (distribution)

Chilecicada occidentis (in part) non Walker: 345.

Type material. Holotype. “ CHILE. Región del Maule: / Cauquenes Pr.: Comuna de / Cauquenes, Cauquenes , Ruta / 126, / 36.09182S, 72.43223W, 190 m. / 25-XII-2018. JA Cole, / FA Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-24 // JCR181225_ 00 // JAC000003272” ♂ ( LACM) . Paratypes. “ CHILE. Región del Maule: Provincia / de Cauquenes: Communa de / Cauquenes , Cauquenes , ruta 126, / 36.09182S, 72.43223W, 190 m. / 25-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C. Veloso leg. S18-24 // S18-24” 1♂ ( AFSC); “ CHILE. Región del Maule: Provincia / de Cauquenes: Communa de / Cauquenes, Cauquenes, ruta 126, / 36.09182S, 72.43223W, 190 m. / 25-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C. Veloso leg. S18-24 // 181225-21 / S18-24” 1♂ in ethanol ( UCMS); “15.CL. ML.CQQ.734 / -36.0992, -72.4466 / 20.XII.2015 K.N., P.L. // Seq.” 1♂ ( UCMS); “Angol-Chile / 19.XI.1958 / S. Sénez ” 1♂ ( AFSC); “Pelluhue / Chile. Dec. 2 1953

/ L.E. Pena ” 2♂ ( AFSC) ; “Tregualemo / Chile / Dec. 1953 / L.E. Pena” 1♂ ( AFSC) ; “Concepcion— Chile / Feb. 1940 / D.S. Bullock” 1♂ ( AFSC) ; “Carmavida / Chile / Dec. 25–31 1953 / L.E. Pena” 1♂ ( AFSC) ; “Nogueche / Chile / Dec. 15–17 1953 / L.E. Pena” 1♀ ( AFSC) ; “Constitucion / Chile / Nov. 1953 / L.E. Pena” 1♂ ( AFSC) ; “15. CL. ML.CQQ.735 / -36.0992, -72.4466 / 20.XII.2015 K.N., P.L.” 1♂ ( AFSC) ; “15.CL. ML.CQQ.749 / -36.0992, -72.4466 / 20.XII.2015 K.N., P.L.” 1♂ ( MNNC) ; “15.CL. ML.CQQ.003 / -36.0992, -72.4466 / 20.XII.2015 K.N., P.L.” 1♂ ( UCMS) ; “15.CL. ML.CQQ.002 / -36.0992, -72.4466 / 20.XII.2015 K.N., P.L.” 1♂ ( AFSC) . The code 15.CL. ML.CQQ on the label of the last five specimens listed refers to Ruta 126 between Cauquenes and Quirihue, near Estero el Cajon, Maule Region, Chile collected by Katherine Nazario and Piotr Łukasik.

Etymology. The name is in reference to the distribution of the species being near the coast (L. orarius, of the coast).

Description. Ground color testaceous marked with piceous and castaneous with green costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing, faded to ochraceous in most of type series. Testaceous greenish in some paratypes, live specimens with green more pronounced, especially dorsolaterally and posteriorly, with green pronotal collar, costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing. Body covered with silvery pile.

Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, dorsal head piceous except ground color supra-antennal plate, anteromedial corner of vertex and medioposterior head with mark extending lateral to posterior cranial depressions, mark extending anteriorly into posterior epicranial suture and anterior to surround piceous posterior cranial depression forming a spot on either side of ground color mark, extending anteriorly only to posterior cranial depression in some paratypes, short golden pile and radiating long golden pile on dorsal head, very dense on frons, denser long silvery pile posterior to eye. Ocelli rosaceous, eyes dark castaneous margined proximally with ground color. Gena piceous with ground color medial and anterior margins and piceous posteromedial margin along anteclypeus, lorum ground color with piceous mark along anteromedial and posteromedial margins, castaneous spot in middle, short white pile and radiating long silvery pile on lorum and gena. Postclypeus ground color with piceous transverse grooves and central sulcus, 12 transverse grooves, dorsum castaneous with piceous posterior margin, long silvery pile radiating from postclypeus, short white pile along lateral margin. Anteclypeus piceous laterally with piceous extending towards midline in middle, short fascia on either side of midline in some paratypes where piceous not expanding medially, with ground color carina, and medial anterior and posterior margins, covered with short white pile and radiating long silvery pile. Mentum ground color with lateral ovoid castaneous mark and anterolaterad angled castaneous mark in middle, remaining along midline or forming short fascia on either side of midline in some paratypes, labium piceous, rostrum radiating long silvery pile, reaching to middle trochanters. Scape ground color, remaining antennal segments piceous.

Thorax. Pronotum ground color, piceous fascia on either side of midline between anterior fissure and posterior paramedian fissure, ground color mark remaining on midline extending more posterior in some paratypes, piceous fuses anteriorly and posteriorly on midline into triangular mark expanding laterally in anterior and ambient fissures, small fascia extending on anterior margin of posterior paramedian fissure, separated from longitudinal fasciae in some paratypes, anterior half of paramedian fissure piceous, irregular longitudinal mark extending onto disk between paramedian and lateral fissures but not reaching lateral fissure, small piceous spot on disk just anterior to middle of lateral fissure, additional spots in some paratypes, posterior two-thirds of lateral fissure piceous connecting to piceous ambient fissure, piceous in ambient fissure extends to middle of lateral fissure, extends around disk to anterior lateral fissure in some paratypes, mark in ambient fissure extends irregularly onto posterior lateral disk. Pronotal collar ochraceous, bright green in live specimens, greenish tint in some paratypes, with piceous angled fascia from lateral ambient fissure along anterior margin of pronotal collar lateral angle to anterolateral corner of lateral angle. Pronotum covered with short golden pile, denser in fissures. Mesonotum ground color, submedian sigilla piceous, lateral sigilla piceous with mottled posterior region, anchor-shaped castaneous mark central disk posterior to submedian sigilla, piceous scutal depressions and between anterior arms of cruciform elevation fusing on midline with posterior of anchor-shaped mark, posterior mark expands to fuse with lateral anchor-shaped mark in some paratypes, marks completely fuse in some paratypes and may extend anterolateral to between submedian and lateral sigilla, lateral X of cruciform elevation piceous with mark curving along anterior of lateral cruciform elevation and expanding to spot on anterolateral margin, wing groove ground color with castaneous fasciae anteromedially and anterolaterally. Metanotum ground color with piceous midline spot and piceous fasciae anterolaterally, mediolaterally and posterolaterally. Dorsum with short silvery pile, denser long silvery pile between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, between anterior and posterior arms of cruciform elevation, on posterior mesonotum, and in wing groove. Ventral thoracic segments ground color except piceous on basisternum 2, posterior katepisternum 2, posterior margin of trochantin 2, anterior margin and lateral meron 2, mark on medial katepimeron 2 along meron 2 in some paratypes, basisternum 3, transverse fascia on posterior episternum 3 and medial margin of trochantin 3, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile.

Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and six apical cells respectively, right hind wing of holotype with five apical cells due to the fusion of apical cells 5 and 6. Venation greenish ochraceous proximally, becoming piceous distally, basal veins bright green in living specimens, costal margin and radius & subcostal vein ochraceous, green in fresh specimens, castaneous mark on base of cubitus anterior adjacent to basal cell, distal anal vein 2 + 3 castaneous. Basal cell about 4.5 times longer than broad. Pterostigma present. Basal membrane of fore wing orange mottled with red. Hind wing venation similarly colored except castaneous median vein, anal vein 2 and anal vein 3, castaneous spot on wing base. Basal plaga, anal cell 3 along anal vein 3 to terminal curve, anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3 to terminal curve, proximal anal cell 1, proximal medial cell and proximal costal cell with orange mottled with red, infuscation in anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 bordering orange and red area.

Legs. Legs ochraceous, green in some paratypes, proximal coxae piceous, coxae, trochanters and femora striped with piceous, fore tibiae with piceous spot proximally, thickly striped with piceous and piceous distal terminus, middle and hind tibiae with thinner and shorter fascia and incomplete marking distally, tibial spurs and tibial combs castaneous with darker tips, tarsi piceous except dark ground color ventral and lateral mesotarsus and annular ground color mark on proximal pretarsus just distal to proximal margin, pretarsal claws piceous with dark ground color base. Fore femora with primary spine adpressed to femur, elevated above femur in most paratypes, secondary spine almost upright with curved tip, and very small tertiary and apical spines, primary and secondary spines ground color with piceous tips, tertiary and apical spines castaneous. Proximal segments with short silvery pile, all segments radiating long silvery pile. Male meracanthus ground color with castaneous spot on base, an elongated triangle, reaching beyond operculum posterior margin to anterior of sternite II.

Opercula. Male opercula ground color with piceous spot on lateral base, lateral margin straight, obtusely angled posterolateral margin, posterior margin straight, obtusely angled posteromedially, curved in some paratypes, medial margin rounded, anteromedial margin obliquely angled to base, not reaching to anterior of sternite II posteriorly, well separated medially barely reaching lateral base of meracanthus, covered with short silvery pile, long silvery pile radiating from operculum margin. Female operculum similarly colored and shaped but not reaching half the length of meracanthus nor middle of sternite II.

Abdomen. Abdominal tergite 1 ground color with transverse piceous fascia narrowing laterally, tergite 2 with ground color anterior and posterior margins, transverse piceous fascia connecting to anterodorsal timbal cavity, interior timbal cavity piceous, transverse castaneous fascia posterior to piceous fascia extending almost to middle of timbal cavity, tergites 3–8 piceous anteriorly bordered posteriorly with castaneous and ground color posterior and lateral margins, tergite 8 of holotype with short transverse castaneous fascia across midline anterior to posterior margin, mark not found in paratypes, tergites covered with long silvery pile, denser on dorsal tergite 1 and lateral tergites 7 and 8. Timbal cover a thickened rim, timbal completely exposed with 13 long ribs and 11 intercalary ribs. Male sternite I ground color with piceous anterior spot, sternite II with small piceous spots on either side of midline near posterior margin and on posterior auditory capsule, sternites III–VII dark ground color, sternite III with piceous anterior margin, holotype with some castaneous staining on sternites, paratypes unicolorous posterior to sternite III. Epipleurites dark ground color. Sternite VIII ground color, dorsal margin with curve near base the sides almost forming a right triangle, V-shaped when viewed from posterior. Sternites and epipleurites with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, longer on sternites VII and VIII. Female sternite VII dark ground color with large anterolateral piceous spots, single, deep, V-shaped notch almost reaching anterior margin, posterolateral margin on either side of notch semicircular connecting to straight lateral margin. Female abdominal segment 9 ground color with piceous anteromedial and anterolateral margins reducing posteriorly forming a piceous triangular mark terminating as thin fascia on piceous dorsal beak, stigma piceous, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile ventrally. Dorsal beak not as long as piceous anal styles. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 straight.

Genitalia. Male pygofer piceous anteriorly, ground color posteriorly and ventrally, distal shoulder undeveloped, smoothly curved, not reaching to anal tube, dorsal beak absent, pygofer with short silvery pile dorsally and posteriorly. Upper pygofer lobe absent, pygofer basal lobes elongated, adpressed to lateral pygofer, flattened, curving dorsally at oblique angle, extending more than half pygofer length, widening to semicircular apex, apex convex laterally and concave medially forming a spoon-like terminus, apex against lateral pygofer margin. Anal styles piceous with red posterior margin, radiating short silvery pile, anal tube piceous with red posterior margin. Median uncus lobe ground color with piceous base, elongated, undivided, angled posteriorly from base, dorsal surface arched with distal quarter angled anteriorly, posterior surface smoothly curved, widening laterally from base before tapering to rounded posterior margin, small ridge on dorsal surface midline, ventral surface almost meeting along midline except for small hole near distal terminus for extension of aedeagus. Only terminal aedeagus of holotype visible, dark castaneous with at least two terminal spines extending from lateral lobes, basal aedeagus tubular, dark castaneous.

Female gonocoxite IX piceous with ground color ventral margin, gonapophysis IX castaneous, gonapophysis X piceous. Ovipositor sheath reaching to distal dorsal beak. Long golden pile radiating from ovipositor sheath.

Measurements (mm). n= 10♂, 1♀, mean (range). Length of body: ♂ 19.20 (17.90–21.00), ♀ 19.75; length of fore wing: ♂ 21.48 (19.90–22.75), ♀ 21.75; width of fore wing: ♂ 7.55 (6.75–8.50), ♀ 7.75; length of head: ♂ 3.37 (3.10–3.45), ♀ 3.15; width of head including eyes: ♂ 6.44 (5.85–6.95), ♀ 6.55; width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: ♂ 7.36 (6.30–8.15), ♀ 7.35; width of mesonotum: ♂ 6.26 (5.75–7.00), ♀ 6.35.

Song. (n=4: holotype and 1 paratopotype from Región Maule, Cauquenes Pr., 2 paratypes from Q15.CL.ML. CQQ, Regíon Maule, Quirihue) The echeme duration of 0.39± 0.11 s is significantly shorter than all other Chilecicada (MANOVA, P = 1.12×10 -3). These echemes occur at a rate of 1.51± 0.26 s- 1, a rate that is not significantly different from C. partemporaria and C. trifasciunca (MANOVA, P =9.00×10 -1). The dominant frequency band is 8.89–11.52 kHz (mean dominant frequency=10.21±0.42 kHz).

Diagnosis. Another of the smaller of the Chilecicada species. This new species can be distinguished by having in combination a body length between 17.90–21.00 mm, fore wing length between 19.90–22.75 mm, fore wing basal cell about 4.50 times longer than broad, a piceous mark along the proximal fore wing basal cell, no piceous fascia separating the fore wing costa and radius + subcostal veins, a triangular meracanthus, medial opercular margin ground color, posteromedial operculum forming an obtuse angle, abdominal epipleurites lack a central spot, and an uncus that is ground color with a piceous base with the dorsal side arched and curving to the terminus.

Among the species with slow (~1 s-1) medium echeme duration (~ 0.5 s) songs, C. oraria males deliver short echemes at the upper end of the echeme rate variation. The short echemes of C. oraria will separate that species from those with longer echemes: C. curacaviensis , C. partemporaria , C. trifasciunca , and probably also C. culenesensis , C. pehuenchesensis , and C. magna . The faster echeme rate will separate C. oraria from species that tend to sing at slower echeme rates: C. partemporaria , C. trifasciunca and probably also C. magna and C. pehuenchesensis .

Distribution. The species is known from the type series collected in Cauquenes Province in the southwestern corner of the Región del Maule, and a number of coastal communities in central Chile.

Figures

PLATE 1. Living habitus of Chilecicada species. A. C. citatatemporaria PARATOPOTYPE, Región de Valparaíso, Provincia de Petorca; B. C. culenesensis PARATOPOTYPE specimen PL714, Región Metropolitana; C. C. impartemporaria PARATYPE, Región de Valparaíso, Provincia de Petorca; D. C. magna HOLOTYPE specimen JM037, Región del Maule; E. C. mapuchensis HOLOTYPE specimen PL518, Región Metropolitana; F. C. occidentis Región Metropolitana, Provincia de Santiago; G. C. oraria PARATOPOTYPE, Región del Maule, Provincia de Cauquenes; H. C. parrajaraorum HOLOTYPE specimen PL722, Región O’Higgins; I. C. partemporaria; J. C. pehuenchesensis PARATYPE specimen PL516, Región Metropolitana; K. C. trifascia HOLOTYPE specimen PL430, Región O’Higgins; L. C. trifasciunca PARATOPOTYPE specimen PL515, Región Metropolitana; M. C. viridicitata PARATOPOTYPE, Región O’Higgins, Provincia de Cochagüa.

PLATE 3. Waveforms of Chilecicada songs. Left column 5 s oscillogram windows show echemes and echeme sequences, right column 0.5 s windows show pulses and syllables within echemes.

PLATE 5. Distribution of Chilecicada from records reported in this work.

FIGURE 8. Chilecicada oraria n. sp.: A, Holotype male and paratype female habitus; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal; D, holotype male operculum; E, paratype female operculum; F, holotype male lateral view of genitalia; G, holotype male posterior view of genitalia; H, paratype female lateral view of genitalia; I, paratype female ventral view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 2 mm; C–G, 1 mm; H–I, 2 mm.