Chilecicada curacaviensis, Sanborn & Cole & Stukel & Łukasik & Veloso & Gonzalez & Karkar & Simon, 2021

Sanborn, Allen F., Cole, Jeffrey A., Stukel, Mark, Łukasik, Piotr, Veloso, Claudio, Gonzalez, Valorie A., Karkar, Jessica B. & Simon, Chris, 2021, Thirteen new species of Chilecicada Sanborn, 2014 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae: Tibicininae) expand the highly endemic cicada fauna of Chile, Zootaxa 5078 (1), pp. 1-70 : 12-15

Chilecicada curacaviensis n. sp. Sanborn and Cole

Fig. 3 (morphology), Plate 2 (song), Plate 5 (distribution)

Type material. Holotype. “ CHILE. Región Metropolitana: / Melipilla Pr. Comuna de / Curacaví: G-864-F, 4 km east of El / Pangue , / 33.26978S, 71.18206W, 431 m. / 5-I-2019. JA Cole, FA Calderon / leg. S19-47 // 190105-010 ( FC) // JAC000003273 ” ♂ ( LACM).

Etymology. The name is a combination of curacavi -and - ensis (L. suffix denoting place) in reference to the place of origin of the type specimen.

Description. Ground color dark testaceous marked with piceous and castaneous, ochraceous costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing, probably faded from green due to ethanol exposure. Body covered with silvery pile.

Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, dorsal head piceous except ground color anterior margin of supraantennal plate and anteromedial corner of vertex, short silvery pile on dorsal head, longer, denser pile posterior to eye. Ocelli red, eyes dark castaneous lightly margined with ground color at medial angle. Gena piceous margined with ground color medial margin, anteriorly along supra-antennal plate, and posteromedial margin along lorum, lorum piceous with ground color lateral margin, short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile on lorum and gena. Postclypeus ground color with piceous transverse grooves and central sulcus, piceous fusing medially across transverse ridges near apex, 12 transverse grooves, dorsum piceous except for ground color spot lateral to anterior terminus of central sulcus, long silvery pile radiating from postclypeus, short silvery pile along lateral margin and within transverse grooves. Anteclypeus piceous with ground color posterior half of carina, medial anterior margin and posterior margin, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile. Mentum piceous with ground color medial margin, labium piceous, rostrum radiating long silvery pile, reaching to middle of middle trochanters. Scape ground color, remaining antennal segments piceous.

Thorax. Pronotum ground color, piceous fascia on either side of midline fusing medially in anterior fissure and in posterior ambient fissure, fissures piceous, mark in lateral fissure expanding onto lateral disk, irregular longitudinal mark extending onto disk between paramedian and lateral fissures but not reaching lateral fissure, small piceous spots on disk anterior and posterior to middle of lateral fissure and just posterior to central paramedian fissure. Pronotal collar ground color posteriorly, piceous expanding from ambient fissure over most of the dorsal and mediolateral collar along ambient fissure, piceous on lateral collar extending to lateral margin continuing on anterolateral margin of lateral angle margining the lateral angle of the pronotal collar with piceous. Pronotum with sparse, short silvery pile, denser in fissures. Mesonotum piceous with ground color outlining submedian sigilla but not reaching anterior margin, surrounding posterior two-thirds of lateral sigilla, on anterolateral corner, lateral margin, cruciform elevation and wing groove, piceous mark on central disk extends across central cruciform elevation midline, posterior of anterior arms and anterior half of lateral cruciform elevation piceous extending to form piceous spots on distal terminus of posterior arm, wing groove ground color with piceous fasciae anteromedially and anterolaterally connected by transverse fascia anteriorly. Metanotum ground color with piceous midline, anterolateral region, and posterolateral fascia. Dorsum covered with sparse silvery pile, denser and longer between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, between anterior and posterior arms of cruciform elevation, and in wing groove. Ventral thoracic segments piceous margined with ground color medially, lateral segments ground color with piceous central regions. Ventral segments covered with short and radiating long silvery pile.

Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and six apical cells respectively. Venation ochraceous proximally, becoming piceous distally, costal margin and radius & subcostal vein ochraceous separated by piceous fascia proximally along basal cell, cubitus posterior and anal vein 2 + 3 piceous, piceous spot on wing base. Basal cell about 3.5 times longer than broad. Pterostigma present. Basal membrane of fore wing grayish mottled with red with darker posterior margin. Hind wing venation similarly colored except piceous median vein, cubitus posterior, anal vein 2, and anal vein 3, piceous spot on wing base. Basal plaga, anal cell 3 along anal vein 3 to terminal curve, anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3 to terminal curve, proximal anal cell 1, posterior to cubitus posterior, proximal medial cell and proximal costal cell with gray mottled with red, infuscation in anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 bordering gray and red area and in base of cubital cell 1, cubital cell 2 and anal cell 1.

Legs. Legs ground color, coxae, trochanters and femora striped with piceous, tibiae with piceous spot proximally, tibiae striped with piceous anteriorly and piceous distally, middle tibiae with thinner and shorter fasciae and lesser amount of terminus piceous, hind tibiae lacking terminal mark, tibial spurs and tibial combs ground color with castaneous tips, tarsi piceous except ground color majority of mesotari and proximal pretarsus in hind tarsi, pretarsal claws castaneous with piceous tips. Fore femora with primary spine angled to femur, stout, secondary spine almost upright, slightly widened base, longest, and small tertiary spine, all spines piceous. Proximal segments with short silvery pile, all segments radiating long silvery pile. Male meracanthus ground color with piceous spot on base, an elongated triangle with parallel-sided base, reaching beyond operculum posterior margin but not reaching posterior of sternite I.

Opercula. Male opercula ground color with piceous spot on lateral base, lateral margin straight, obtusely angled posterolateral margin, posterior margin straight, medial margin rounded, anteromedial margin curved to base, reaching to about middle of tympanal cavity posteriorly, well separated medially extending medially under lateral meracanthus, covered with short silvery pile, long silvery pile radiating from operculum margin.

Abdomen. Abdominal tergite 1 with ground color anterior margin, anterolateral and posterolateral corners, with transverse piceous fascia narrowing laterally and castaneous posterior margin, tergite 2 piceous anterodorsally to dorsolateral timbal cavities, piceous within timbal cavity and on lateral margin, castaneous posterior to piceous, lighter on posterior margin, ground color on anterolateral corner of timbal cavity, tergites 3–8 piceous anteriorly bordered posteriorly with castaneous, amount of castaneous increasing in posterior tergites, tergites covered with sparse, short silvery pile, longer pile radiating from lateral tergites 5–8. Timbal cover a thickened rim, timbal completely exposed with 13 long ribs and 11 intercalary ribs. Male sternite I ground color marked with piceous near anterior and posterior margins, sternite II testaceous with ground color anterolateral margin, transverse piceous fascia on anterior margin extending to medial third of tympanal cavity, auditory capsule piceous, sternite III testaceous with transverse piceous fascia on anterior margin extending on midline forming central spot, sternites IV–VI testaceous with transverse piceous mark in center bordered posteriorly with castaneous, increasing in size in posterior sternites, sternite VII testaceous with small piceous mark on anterior midline. Epipleurites testaceous with large piceous spots. Sternite VIII ground color, dorsal margin smoothly curved near base, V-shaped when viewed from posterior. Sternites and epipleurites with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, longer on sternites VII and VIII.

Genitalia. Male pygofer ground color ventrally, ventrolaterally and on posterior margin, piceous dorsally, dorsolaterally and posterolaterally, distal shoulder undeveloped, smoothly curved, not reaching to anal tube, dorsal beak absent, pygofer covered with short silvery pile. Upper pygofer lobe absent, pygofer basal lobes elongated, adpressed to lateral pygofer, flattened, slightly angled dorsally at oblique angle, extending more than half pygofer length, expanding after angle before forming rounded terminus, apex against lateral pygofer margin. Anal styles piceous margined with ground color at base, radiating short silvery pile, anal tube piceous with ground color anterior and posterior margins. Median uncus lobe piceous with dark ground color lateral margin distal to base, elongated, undivided, angled posteriorly from base, dorsal surface smoothly curved and ventral surface straight with down turned terminus when viewed from the side, widening laterally from base before tapering to pointed posterior margin, small castaneous ridge on dorsal surface midline, ventral surface dark ground color with piceous base, ventral surfaces recurved, almost meeting along midline expanding to small hole near distal terminus for extension of aedeagus, radiating golden pile. Aedeagus not visible in type specimen.

Female is unknown.

Measurements (mm). n= 1♂. Length of body: 17.35; length of fore wing: 20.70; width of fore wing: 7.10; length of head: 3.00; width of head including eyes: 5.80; width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: 6.45; width of mesonotum: 5.55.

Song. (n=4, holotype and 3 topotype males not captured) Echemes of length 0.58±0.11 repeat at a rate of 1.43± 0.46 s- 1. The C. curacaviensis echeme duration is significantly longer than those of C. oraria and C. trifasciunca (MANOVA, P =2.26×10 -3). The echeme rate is at the upper end of variation for this song type and is often faster than the rates of C. partemporaria and C. trifasciunca but the differences are not significant (MANOVA, P =9.00×10 -2). The dominant frequency band is 9.22–11.58 kHz (mean dominant frequency=10.46±0.04 kHz).

Diagnosis. Another of the smaller of the Chilecicada species. This new species can be distinguished by having in combination a body length about 17.35 mm, fore wing length about 20.70 mm, fore wing basal cell about 3.50 times longer than broad, proximal fore wing basal cell lacking a piceous marking, a piceous fascia separating the proximal fore wing costa and radius + subcostal veins, an elongated meracanthus with parallel-sided base and triangular terminus, a ground color medial opercular margin, a semicircular a semicircular posteromedial operculum, abdominal epipleurites with a central spot, and an uncus that is piceous with ground color lateral and dorsal fasciae and smoothly curved on the dorsal surface. It is most similar to C. culenesensis n. sp. but differs in the ambient vein of the fore wing is smoothly curved posteriorly rather than being obtusely angled and the dorsal uncus is only curved distally in that species.

Shares the common medium echeme duration, slow echeme rate song type shared with C. culenesensis , C. magna , C. oraria , C. partemporaria , C. pehuenchesensis , and C. trifasciunca . Longer echemes separate C. curacaviensis from the shorter echemes of C. oraria , C. trifasciunca , and perhaps also C. magna and C. pehuenchesensis .Although the echeme durations are similar, echeme rate tends to be faster in C. curacaviensis than in C. partemporaria and C. trifasciunca . The song is perhaps indistinguishable from C. culenesensis .

Distribution. The species is known from the type specimen collected 4 km east of El Pangue, Comuna de Curacaví, Provincia de Melipilla, Metropolitana de Santiago Region, Chile.

Figures

PLATE 2. Waveforms of Chilecicada songs. Left column 5 s oscillogram windows show echemes and echeme sequences, right column 0.5 s windows show pulses and syllables within echemes.

FIGURE 3. Chilecicada curacaviensis n, sp.: A, Holotype male habitus; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal; D, holotype male operculum; E, holotype male lateral view of genitalia; F, holotype male posterior view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 2 mm; C–F, 1 mm.

PLATE 5. Distribution of Chilecicada from records reported in this work.