Chasmocarcinus cylindricus Rathbun, 1901

Ng, Peter K. L. & Castro, Peter, 2016, Revision of the family Chasmocarcinidae Serène, 1964 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Goneplacoidea), Zootaxa 4209 (1), pp. 1-182 : 18-20

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4209.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:849BAB5C-464A-4B4A-A586-5742411EDC01
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5617060
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scientific name	Chasmocarcinus cylindricus Rathbun, 1901
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Chasmocarcinus cylindricus Rathbun, 1901 View in CoL

( Figs. 3 View FIGURE 3 C‒E; 21F; 28G; 35K, L; 49F; 56E; 64A‒F; 84D; 89D)

Chasmocarcinus typicus Rathbun, 1898a: 285 View in CoL [ Trinidad] (part). Not Chasmocarcinus typicus Rathbun, 1898 View in CoL . Chasmocarcinus cylindricus Rathbun, 1901: 10 View in CoL , fig. 1 [type localilty: Puerto Rico]; 1918: 55 [in key], 59, figs. 28, 29.— Serène 1964a: 258 [in list].— Soto 1985: 483, 487 [Straits of Florida].— Blow & Bailey 1992: 176 [in list].— Melo 1996: 419 [in key], 420 [unnumb. fig. not C. cylindricus View in CoL ] [ Brazil]; 1998: 494 [in list].—Coelho & Coelho 1998: 813 [in list].—Ng et al. 2008: 76 [in list].—Felder et al. 2009: 1081 [in list].

? Chasmocarcinus aff. cylindricus View in CoL — Guinot et al. 2013: 279 [“South America”].

Type material. Neotype: female (4.6 × 6.1 mm) ( USNM 23765 About USNM ), Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Harbor, U.S. Fish Commission Porto Rico Expedition, 1898‒99, Fish Hawk , stn 6061, 22‒ 33 m .

Other material examined. Puerto Rico. Neotype female (4.6 × 6.1 mm), 2 males (4.0 × 5.2 mm, 3.5 × 4.0 mm), 1 female (5.4 × 6.9 mm) ( USNM 23765 About USNM ), 2 males, 2 females ( USNM 24552 About USNM ), Mayagüez Harbor , U.S. Fish Commission Porto Rico Expedition, 1898‒99, Fish Hawk , stn 6061, 22‒ 33 m, stn 135(6063), 137–139 m ; 1 female (6.9 × 9.2 mm) (USNM 24551), stn 181(6059), 13 m; 1 male (cw 6.2 mm) ( USNM 24550 About USNM ), off Aguadilla, stn 167 (6055), 251 m .— 1 male, 1 female ( USNM 67774 About USNM ), Johnson-Smithsonian Expedition ; 1 male, 2 females (USNM 67775), stn 10, 18°30’24”N, 66°04’15”W, 201 m; 5 males, 5 females (USNM 67773), stn 36, 18°30’30”N, 66°23’5”W, stn 730, 18°31’30”N, 66°18’20”W, 1 female (4.0 × 4.9 mm) (USNM 67798), stn 104, 18°30’10”N, 66°13’50”W, 91 m, 08.03.1933.—1 male, 1 female (USNM 99359), La Parguera, J.A. Rivero coll., 15 m, 0 2.1955.

Guadeloupe. KARUBENTHOS 2012: 2 males (MNHN-IU-2013-9002), 3 males, 4 females (MNHN-IU-2013- 9003) [photographed], Anse à la Barque, stn GD12, 16°05.52’N, 61°46.59’W, 45 m, 09.05.2012; 1 male, 1 female (MNHN-IU-2013-9001) [photographed], Anse à la Barque, stn GD15, 16°05.39’N, 61°41.48’W, 50 m, 10.05.2012; 1 male (MNHN-IU-2013-9000), Îlot Cochon, stn GD46, 16°13.02’N, 61°32.89’W, 10 m, 20.05.2012; 15 males, 19 females (MNHN-IU-2013-13077); 1 female (MNHN-IU-2013-8998), stn GD47, 16°12.95’N, 61°33.03’W, 13 m, 20.05.2012; 10 juveniles (MNHN-IU-2013-8999), stn GD48, 16°11.21’N, 61°32.51’W, 27 m, 20.05.2012; 79 males, 93 females, 1 juvenile (MNHN-IU-2013-13078); 7 male, 9 females (MNHN-IU-2013-13076), stn GD56, 16°18.73’N, 61°32.29’W, 18 m, 20.05.2012.

Barbados. 1 male (2.3 × 2.8 mm) ( USNM 110239 About USNM ), 91–366 m, J.B. Lewis coll.

Trinidad. 1 juvenile female [part of type material of C. typicus Rathbun, 1898 ] ( USNM 6901 About USNM ). — 2 males, 1 female ( USNM 139265 About USNM ), Gulf of Paria, 9 m, J.M. Stanley coll., 19.01.1971.

Jamaica. 1 male (3.6 × 4.9 mm) ( USNM 42942 About USNM ), Montego Bay .

Panama. CARIB 1 : 1 male (3.0 × 3.7 mm) ( USNM 1277739 About USNM ), 08°54.7’N, 77°41.0’W, Alpha Helix , 30 m, 29.06.1977. GoogleMaps

Colombia. 1 male, 1 female ( USNM 107149 About USNM ), Ceycen I., 29 m, R. Lemaitre et al. coll., 0 6.08.1995.

Diagnosis. Carapace ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 C‒E) proportionally wide along anterior third; conspicuous ridge of sharp granules around post-ocular, anterolateral margins of carapace. Orbits ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 F) long, eye peduncles short. Epistome ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 F, 64E, F) with semicircular median lobe with median fissure, lateral margins straight. Antennular articles relatively short ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 F). Third maxilliped ( Fig. 28 View FIGURE 28 G) ischium quadrate, about same length as merus. Bulging pterygostomial region, clearly visible from dorsal view. Fingers of major chela of large males ( Fig. 35 View FIGURE 35 K) proportionally short, only slightly longer than propodus in dorsal view; pollex as long as dactylus in large males ( Rathbun 1918: fig. 29a). Fingers of minor chela of both sexes ( Fig. 35 View FIGURE 35 L) scissor-like; with small, sharp teeth. Inner margin of cheliped carpus smooth. Ambulatory legs ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 C‒E) proportionally long, folded P5 merus almost reaching anterior margin; subdistal spur present on P5 dactylus. Fused thoracic sternites 1, 2 ( Fig. 49 View FIGURE 49 F) broadly triangular, proportionally wide, short. Male pleon ( Figs. 49 View FIGURE 49 F, 56E) with proportionally long, narrow telson ( Rathbun 1918: fig. 29b). G1 ( Fig. 64 View FIGURE 64 A‒C) stout, distal part thickened, distal segment straight with spinules. G2 ( Fig. 64 View FIGURE 64 D) about 3/4 G1 length, straight, slender, distal segment long, curved. Female pleon ( Fig. 84 View FIGURE 84 D) with lateral margins of somites strongly convex; telson proportionally short. Sterno-pleonal cavity of female ( Fig. 89 View FIGURE 89 D) moderately shallow, vulvae close together.

Remarks. Characteristic of the species is its carapace ( Figs. 3 View FIGURE 3 C‒E), which is proportionally wide along its anterior portion, giving it a quadrate appearance; the presence of a conspicuous ridge of sharp granules around the post-ocular and anterolateral margins of the carapace; and the proportionally long orbits and short eye peduncles ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 F). Also diagnostic are the third maxillipeds, which have a quadrate ischium that is about the same length as the merus.

The lot that included the holotype (USNM 2365) originally contained four males and two females and a note by M.J. Rathbun (“largest ♂ is holotype ”) but it currently contains only two males and two females with a note (“ holotype ♂ prepared by SEM by W. Blow”). The holotype could not be found so it is presumed lost (K. Reed, personal communication). The two extant males are unfortunately incomplete, each lacking the pleons and the second specimen the two gonopods. A complete female from the same lot (4.6 × 6.1 mm, USNM 2365) is therefore selected as the neotype of Chasmocarcinus cylindricus Rathbun, 1901 .

A female from Puerto Rico (6.9 × 9.2 mm, USNM 24551) is considerably larger than the rest of the material examined. Its epistome shows some differences, with a more salient median lobe (semicircular in small individuals) and lateral lobes with slightly more elevated lower margins than in small individuals, differences that are perhaps a consequence of size. The specimen was erroneously illustrated by Rathbun (1918: fig. 28) as showing short orbits instead of the diagnostic long orbits, which were observed, together with the diagnostic ridge along the post-ocular and anterolateral margins of the carapace, in the actual specimen.

Distribution. Florida, West Indies, Panama and Colombia to Brazil (south to São Paulo state). Depth: 9–1967 m (Felder et al. 2009).

References

Blow, W. C. & Bailey, R. H. (1992) Chasmocarcinus robertsi, a new crab species from the Miocene of Virginia, with notes on the genus Falconoplax (Crustacea, Decapoda, Goneplacidae). Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology, 25 (4), 175 - 185.

Guinot, D., Tavares, M. & Castro, P. (2013) Significance of the sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), with new nomina for higher-ranked podotreme taxa. Zootaxa, 3665 (1), 1 - 414. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3665.1.1

Melo, G. A. S. de (1996) Manual de Identificacao dos Brachyura (Caranguejos e Siris) do Litoral Brasileiro. Pleiade / FAPESP, Sao Paulo, 604 pp.

Rathbun, M. J. (1898 a) The Brachyura of the biological expedition to the Florida Keys and the Bahamas in 1893. Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History, State University of Iowa 4 (3), 250 - 294, pls. 1 - 9.

Rathbun, M. J. (1901) The Brachyura and Macrura of Porto Rico. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1900, 2, 1 - 137, pls. 1, 2.

Rathbun, M. J. (1918) Grapsoid crabs of America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 97, xxii + 461, pls. 1 - 161.

Serene, R. (1964 a) Goneplacidae et Pinnotheridae recoltes par le Dr. Mortensen. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 1916, part 80. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening I KObenhavn, 126, 181 - 282, pls. 16 - 24.

Soto, L. A. (1985) Distributional patterns of deep-water brachyuran crabs in the Straits of Florida. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 5 (3), 480 - 499.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Overall dorsal view of species of Chasmocarcinus. A, C. chacei, Gulf of Mexico: male 6.6 × 8.0 mm (USNM 61489); B, C. chacei, Gulf of Mexico: female 7.8 × 9.5 mm (USNM 61489); C, C. cylindricus, Jamaica: male 3.6 × 4.9 mm (USNM 42942); D, C. cylindricus, Puerto Rico: neotype female 4.6 × 6.1 mm (USNM 23765); E, C. cylindricus, Puerto Rico: female 6.9 × 9.2 mm (USNM 24551); F, C. gemmatus n. sp., Costa Rica: male 7.7 × 11.6 mm (SIO C 1205); H, C. hirsutipes, Brazil: holotype male 6.6 × 7.0 mm (after Coelho & Coelho 1998: fig. 5 a).

FIGURE 21. Frontal view of cephalothorax of species of Chasmocarcinus. A, C. typicus, Trinidad: holotype male 7.8 × 8.7 mm (USNM 6901); B C. arcuatus, Brazil: male 5.7 × 7.7 mm (ZRC 2015.221); C, D, C. arcuatus, Brazil: male 3.7 × 5.1 mm (ZRC 2015.220); E, C. chacei, Gulf of Mexico: male 6.6 × 8.0 mm (USNM 61489); F, C. cylindricus, Puerto Rico: neotype female 4.6 × 6.1 mm (USNM 23765); G, C. gemmatus n. sp., Costa Rica: male 7.7 × 11.6 mm (SIO C 1205); H, C. hirsutipes, Brazil: holotype female 6.6 × 7.0 mm (after Coelho & Coelho 1998: fig. 5 c).

FIGURE 28. Third maxilliped of species of Chasmocarcinus and Amboplax n. gen. A, Chasmocarcinus typicus, Trinidad: holotype male 7.8 × 8.7 mm (USNM 6901); B, Chasmocarcinus typicus, Brazil: male 4.0 × 5.1 mm (MCZ CRU- 10993, holotype of Chasmocarcinus rathbuni); C, Chasmocarcinus typicus, Brazil: male 9.4 × 12.1 mm (ZRC 2015.211); D, Chasmocarcinus arcuatus, Brazil: male 5.7 × 7.7 mm (ZRC 2015.221); E, Chasmocarcinus arcuatus, Brazil: male 3.7 × 5.1 mm (ZRC 2015.220); F, Chasmocarcinus chacei, Gulf of Mexico: female 7.8 × 9.5 mm (USNM 61489); G, Chasmocarcinus cylindricus, Puerto Rico: female 6.9 × 9.2 mm (USNM 24551); H, Amboplax peresi, Brazil: male 5.1 × 6.4 mm (ZRC 2015.217).

FIGURE 35. Chelae of species of Chasmocarcinus. A, C. typicus, Trinidad: holotype male 7.8 × 8.7 mm (USNM 6901); B, C. typicus, Brazil: male 4.0 × 5.1 mm (MCZ CRU- 10993, holotype of Chasmocarcinus rathbuni); C, D, C. typicus, Trinidad: paratype male 7.1 × 9.4 mm (USNM 6901); E, F, C. arcuatus, Brazil: holotype male 5.5 × 6.8 mm (after Coelho & Coelho 1998: figs. 2 d, 3 e); G, H, C. arcuatus, Brazil: male 3.7 × 5.1 mm (ZRC 2015.220); I, J, C. chacei, Gulf of Mexico: male 6.6 × 8.0 mm (USNM 61489); K, L, C. cylindricus, Jamaica: male 3.6 × 4.9 mm (USNM 42942).

FIGURE 49. Anterior thoracic sternum and male pleon of species of Chasmocarcinus. A, C. typicus, Trinidad: holotype male 7.8 × 8.7 mm (USNM 6901); B, C. typicus, Brazil: male 4.0 × 5.1 mm (MCZ CRU- 10993, holotype of Chasmocarcinus rathbuni); C, C. arcuatus, Brazil: male 5.7 × 7.7 mm (ZRC 2015.221); D, C. arcuatus, Brazil: male 3.7 × 5.1 mm (ZRC 2015.220); E, C. chacei, Gulf of Mexico: male 6.6 × 8.0 mm (USNM 61489); F, C. cylindricus, Jamaica: male 3.6 × 4.9 mm (USNM 42942); G, C. gemmatus n. sp., Costa Rica: male 7.7 × 11.6 mm (SIO C 1205); H, C. hirsutipes, Brazil: holotype male 6.6 × 7.0 mm (after Coelho & Coelho 1998: fig. 7 c).

FIGURE 64. Gonopods and epistomes of species of Chasmocarcinus. A ‒ E, C. cylindricus, Jamaica: male 3.6 × 4.9 mm (USNM 42942); F, C. cylindricus, Puerto Rico: female 6.9 × 9.2 mm (USNM 24551); G ‒ I, C. gemmatus n. sp., Costa Rica: male 7.7 × 11.6 mm (SIO C 1205). A, dorsal view of right G 1; B, ventral view of right G 1; C, ventral view of distal part of distal part of right G 1; D, right G 2; E, F, posterior margin of epistome; G, ventral view of left G 1; H, dorsal view of left G 1; I, left G 2. Scales: A, B, D = 0.25 mm; E ‒ I = 0.5 mm; C = 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 84. Female thoracic sternum and pleon of species of Chasmocarcinus. A, C. typicus, Trinidad: paratype female 6.5 × 6.8 mm (USNM 6901); B, C. arcuatus, Brazil: female 4.4 × 6.2 mm (ZRC 2015.222); C, C. chacei, Gulf of Mexico: female 7.8 × 9.5 mm (USNM 61489); D, C. cylindricus, Puerto Rico: female 6.9 × 9.2 mm (USNM 24551); E, C. latipes, Mexico: neotype female 12.4 × 14.4 mm (USNM 21592); F, C. latipes, Mexico: female 9.2 × 13.0 mm (AMNH 16262, holotype female of Chasmocarcinus ferrugineus Glassell, 1936).

FIGURE 89. Vulvae of species of Chasmocarcinus, Amboplax n. gen. and Deltopelta n. gen. A, Chasmocarcinus typicus, Trinidad: paratype female 6.5 × 6.8 mm (USNM 6901); B, Chasmocarcinus arcuatus, Brazil: female 4.4 × 6.2 mm (ZRC 2015.222); C, Chasmocarcinus chacei, Gulf of Mexico: female 7.8 × 9.5 mm (USNM 61489); D, Chasmocarcinus cylindricus, Puerto Rico: female 6.9 × 9.2 mm (USNM 24551); E, Chasmocarcinus latipes, Mexico: holotype female 12.4 × 14.4 mm (USNM 21592); F, C. latipes, Mexico: female 9.2 × 13.0 mm (AMNH 16262, holotype female of Chasmocarcinus ferrugineus Glassell, 1936); G, Chasmocarcinus longipes, Colombia: paratype female 5.6 × 6.8 mm (USNM 78785); H, Chasmocarcinus mississippiensis, Gulf of Mexico: female 9.6 × 12.4 mm (USNM 150090); I, Amboplax peresi, Brazil: ovigerous female 4.9 × 6.2 mm (ZRC 2015. 217); J, Deltopelta obliquus, Belize: female 10.7 × 13.0 mm (PMNH, holotype of Hephthopelta superba).