Carriola ecnomoda (Swinhoe, 1907)

Shovkoon, Dmitry F. & Trofimova, Tatyana A., 2024, Review of the genus Carriola Swinhoe, 1922 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Lymantriinae), with descriptions of four new species, Nota Lepidopterologica 47, pp. 57-79 : 57

Carriola ecnomoda (Swinhoe, 1907)

Figs 2 , 4 , 7-9 , 10 , 19 , 28 , 37 , 45

Leucoma ecnomoda Swinhoe, 1907, The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; zoology, botany, and geology (7) 20 (115): 77. Type locality: Java, Buitenzorg [Jakarta] [Indonesia].

Material examined.

Indonesia Java • 12 ♂, Meru Betiri National Park , 25 km S Kalibaru village 300-500 m, v.-vi.1996; ZSM • 3 ♂, Mt. Ranung, Sempoian, Secondary Rainforest , 08°10'N, 113°40'E, 28.i.1998, leg. Jakl (GU 21.965); ZSM • 4 ♂, Ujung Kulon, N. Park , 6°50'S, 105°35'E, 100 m, viii.1996; ZSM • 1 ♂, Sukanegara, Cianur reg. 7°06'S, 107°07'E, 1050 m, 18.-21.iii.2007 leg. Jakl; ZSM • 9 ♂, 5 ♀, Mt. Baluran , 7°52'S, 114°23'E, 600-1000 m, iv.1995 (GU 26698, 26.699); ZSM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Gunung Argopuro , 15 km SW Bondowoso, 8°04'S, 113°45'E, 7.-13.x.2004 leg. Jakl; ZSM .

Flores Island • 22 ♂, 3 ♀, Nusa Tenggara Timur , 15 km E Labuhanbajo, 200 m, forest, 9.-22.iv.1996, leg. Dr. R. Brechlin (GU 26.703, 27.969, 21.971, 21.616, 25.846); ZSM .

Alor Island • 22 ♂, Nusa Tenggara Timur, 8°16'S, 125°05'E, Moru , 500 m, 1.-8.iii.2006, leg. Jakl (GU 25.847); ZSM • 11 ♂, 8 ♀, the same data, but 22.iii.-03.iv.2006, (GU 27.967); ZSM .

Sumbawa • 5 ♂, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Kempo , 30 km W Dompu, 80 m, forest, 17.-18.iii.1996, leg. Dr. R. Brechlin (GU 26.702); ZSM .

Sumba Island • 1 ♂, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Gunung Mt. , 50 m, iii.1997, leg. Andang (GU 25.848); ZSM .

Bali Island • 3 ♂, Central Bali, Bedugul District, Tamblingan lakes, 1250 m, 8°14'S, 115°08'E, iii.2005, leg. Jakl (GU 26.700); ZSM • 1 ♀, 550 m, 8°25'S, 114°58'E, 29.-30.i.1998, leg. Jakl, Schintlmeister & Cervenca; Lombok; ZSM • 14 ♂, Mt. Rinjani , S of Tanjung, 8°26'S, 116°10'E, 700 m, 16.-22.iii.2009, Pusok Hill, leg. St. Jakl (GU 27.966); ZSM • 1 ♂, 350 m, Pusuk Pas, 12.-13.iv.2000, leg. S. Naumann; ZSM .

Pantar Island • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, east coast 350 m Tanah Laband 9.-21.iii.2006, coll. Ströhle, leg. St. Jakl; MSW .

Diagnosis.

C. ecnomoda differs from related species by the concave margin of the hyaline window CuA2-1+2A. In most Carriola species the hyaline windows on the underside of the wings are edged by dark scales. In C. ecnomoda this feature is absent or only very indistinct. (Fig. 19b ). The female is characterised by the white-green colouration of the wings, which contrasts with the dark olive-coloured background of the other species. The male genitalia are similar to those of C. thyridophora and C. witti sp. nov., but differ by an elongated valve, which is 1.2 times as long as the tegumen and uncus combined, with a characteristic narrow, pointed tip of the valva (Fig. 28a ). The aedeagus is shorter and more slender and strongly bevelled at its anterior and posterior ends (Fig. 28b ). The female genitalia (Fig. 37 ) are very similar to those of the Carriola ecnomoda species group, but differ from related species in the shape of the signum, which is clearly V-shaped. The lobes of signum are only slightly pronounced and as long as ⅓ of width of the signum.

Biology.

The species is associated with Durio zibethinus ( Bombacaceae ) (Holloway, 1999). Adults have been found from May to November in lowland and mountain forests up to an elevation of 1250 m.a.s.l.

Distribution.

(Fig. 45 ). The distribution of C. ecnomoda is restricted to the Indonesian islands of Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands (Alor, Bali, Flores, Lombok, Pantar, Sumba, Sumbawa).

Notes.

The species was erroneously recorded for the fauna of Borneo by Holloway (1999) and by Kemal et al. (2019) for the Philippines (Panay).

Figures

Figures 1, 2. Wing venation. 1. Arctornis l-nigrum (Mueller, 1764); 2. Carriola ecnomoda (Swinhoe, 1907).

Figures 3 - 9. Abdominal structure and legs of Arctornis l-nigrum (Mueller, 1764) and Carriola ecnomoda (Swinhoe, 1907). 3, 4. Third abdominal sternum of males; 3. A. l-nigrum; 4. C. ecnomoda; 5. Male genitalia of A. l-nigrum. a. Superuncus (VIII tergum); b. Apparatus; c. Aedeagus; 6. Female genitalia of A. l-nigrum; 7 - 9. Legs of C. ecnomoda; 7. Foreleg; 8. Mid leg; 9. Hind leg.

Figures 10 - 18. The wing venation and hyaline window mapping of Carriola species. 10. C. ecnomoda (Swinhoe, 1907); 11. C. thyridophora (Hampson, [1893]); 12. C. witti sp. nov.; 13. C. seminsula (Strand, 1914); 14. C. saturnioides (Snellen, 1879); 15. C. polyakovi sp. nov.; 16. C. shorokhovi sp. nov.; 17. C. fenestrata (Hampson, [1893]); 18. C. zolotuhini sp. nov.

Figures 19 - 27. Adults of Carriola species. a. Male; b. Underside wings of male; c. Female. 19. C. ecnomoda (Swinhoe, 1907); a, b. East Java, Mt. Baluran (GU 26.698; ZSM); c. East Java, Mt. Baluran, (GU 26.699; ZSM); 20. C. thyridophora (Hampson, [1893]); a, b. NE India. Assam (GU 27.442; ZSM); c. SW Kampuchea, Kirirom Nat. Park (GU 28.073; ZSM); 21 C. witti sp. nov.; a, b. HT (GU 25.852; ZSM); c. PT (GU 25.853; ZSM); 22. C. seminsula (Strand, 1914); a, b. Sud Vietnam, Bao Loc (GU 27.431; ZSM); c. Nord Vietnam, Mai Chau (GU 27.445; ZSM); 23. C. saturnioides (Snellen, 1879); a, b. N. Sulawesi, (GU 21.966; ZSM); c. Sulawesi, Namo (GU 25.850; ZSM); 24. C. polyakovi sp. nov.; a, b. HT (GU 28.779; ZSM); c. PT (GU 28.780; ZSM); 25. C. shorokhovi sp. nov.; a, b. HT (GU 26.961; ZSM); c. PT (GU 28.784; ZSM); 26. C. fenestrata (Hampson, [1893]); a, b. Vietnam, prov. Thai Nguyen (GU 27.435; ZSM); c. Vietnam, prov. Thai Nguyen, (GU 27.436; ZSM); 27. C. zolotuhini sp. nov.; a, b. HT (GU 28.069; ZSM). Scale bar represents 10 mm, all specimens to scale.

Figures 28 - 36. Male genitalia of Carriola species. a. Genitalia; b. Aedeagus with everted vesica; c. Superuncus (VIII tergum). 28. C. ecnomoda (Swinhoe, 1907) (GU 26.698; ZSM); 29. C. thyridophora (Hampson, [1893]) (GU 27.442; ZSM); 30. C. witti sp. nov. HT (GU 25.852; ZSM); 31. C. seminsula (Strand, 1914): HT (prep. NO 597; SMF); 32. C. saturnioides (Snellen, 1879) (GU 21.966; ZSM); 33. C. polyakovi sp. nov. HT (GU 28.779; ZSM); 34. C. shorokhovi sp. nov. HT (GU 26.961; ZSM); 35. C. fenestrata (Hampson, [1893]) (GU 27.435; ZSM); 36. C. zolotuhini sp. nov. HT (GU 28.069; ZSM). Scale bar represents 1 mm, all genitalia to scale.

Figures 37 - 44. Female genitalia of Carriola species. 37. C. ecnomoda (Swinhoe, 1907) (GU 26.699; ZSM); 38. C. thyridophora (Hampson, [1893]) (GU 28.073; ZSM); 39. C. witti sp. nov. PT (GU 25.853; ZSM); 40. C. seminsula (Strand, 1914) (GU 27.445; ZSM); 41. C. saturnioides (Snellen, 1879) (GU 25.850; ZSM); 42. C. polyakovi sp. nov. PT (GU 28.780; ZSM); 43. C. shorokhovi sp. nov. PT (GU 28.784; ZSM); 44. C. fenestrata (Hampson, [1893]) (GU 27.436; ZSM). Scale bar represents 1 mm, all genitalia to scale.

Figures 45 - 53. Distribution maps of Carriola species. 45. C. ecnomoda (Swinhoe, 1907); 46. C. thyridophora (Hampson, [1893]); 47. C. witti sp. nov.; 48. C. seminsula (Strand, 1914); 49. C. saturnioides (Snellen, 1879); 50. C. polyakovi sp. nov.; 51. C. shorokhovi sp. nov.; 52. C. fenestrata (Hampson, [1893]); 53. C. zolotuhini sp. nov.