Campanularia sp. 2

Castro Mendonça, Luana M., Parisotto Guimarães, Carmen R. & Haddad, Maria A., 2022, Taxonomy and diversity of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Sergipe, Northeast Brazil, Zoologia (e 21032) 39, pp. 1-65 : 17-18

Campanularia sp. 2

Fig. 8D, G

Description: One stolonal polyp, 1.5 mm high, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Pedicel long, with smooth perisarc in almost all the length, a distal end with annulations that become smaller in diameter when coming closer to the end. Subhydrothecal spherule present. Hydrothecae up to 424 µm high, 200 µm of marginal with, with a lateral constriction in the wall just before the hydrothecal margin. Margin with seven long and rounded cusps, separated by large and rounded embayments. The median cusps are smaller than the lateral ones.

Material examined: PCS – one polyp from the rainy season.

Station: PCS – 18.

Bottom: gravel.

Taxonomic remarks: The specimens look like Campanularia morgansi as described and illustrated by Millard (1975, p. 216, fig 71C-E), however, the absence of gonothecae and the huge restriction of distribution for C. morgansi , made it preferable to leave this identification as Campanularia sp. 2 .

Remarks: Found on alga.

Orthopyxis crenata (Hartlaub, 1901) Fig. 10C

Synonyms available from: Galea et al. (2009).

Eucopella crenata Hartlaub, 1901b: 364 , pl. 22, figs 27–31, 33–35.

Description: Two stolonal polyps, up to 2.5 mm high, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Pedicel long, with thin perisarc, waved along its length, annulated at the base and with a constriction at the end, forming a spherule, before the beginning of hydrothecae. Hydrothecae in the form of an inverted bell, 345 µm high and 341 µm wide at the margin (one polyp measured), perisarc moderately thick, margin with waves, without cusps.

Material examined: PCS – two polyps from the rainy season. CZUFS CNI-00099.

Station: PCS – 14.

Bottom: mud.

Distribution: Brazil – Ceará, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Santa Catarina ( Cunha et al. 2015). World distribution – Mediterranean, Western and Eastern Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean ( Hirohito 1995).

Remarks: Found on Sertularelloides cylindritheca .

Orthopyxis sargassicola (Nutting, 1915) Fig. 10D

Synonyms available from: Calder (1991).

Clytia sargassicola Nutting, 1915: 57 , pl. 12, fig. 8, 9.

Orthopyxis lennoxensis – Vannucci Mendes, 1946: 544, pl. 1, figs 3–5, – Vannucci, 1951a: 81; 1951b: 109, 110, 111, 115, 116 [not Campanularia lennoxensis Jaderholm, 1903 ].

Orthopyxis crenata – Vannucci, 1954: 111 [not Orthopyxis crenata (Hartlaub, 1901a) ].

? Orthopyxis billardi – Vannucci, 1954: 112; pl. 3, figs 4–7; pl. 4, fig. 3.

Description: Colonies stolonal, up to 4.7 mm high, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Pedicels with thick perisarc, completely annulated, with a constriction at the distal end, forming a spherule, before the beginning of hydrothecae. Hydrothecae cylindrical, 0.59–1.52 mm high, 0.33–1.01 mm wide at the margin, perisarc walls usually thick, margin with 10–12 triangular cusps, sharp and straight, separated by U-shaped embayments. Gonothecae pot-shaped, 0.98–2.54 mm high, 0.51–1.91 mm wide, flattened laterally, arising from the hydrorhiza on short pedicels, the wall with thick perisarc with well-developed waves along its length.

Material examined: PCS – few colonies with and without gonothecae, from the dry and rainy seasons. CZUFS CNI-00100; CNI-00102; CNI-00387; CNI-00388.

Stations: PCS – 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 15, 18.

Bottom: gravel, sand, and mud.

Distribution: Brazil – Alagoas (Maximiliano Manuel unpub. data), Espírito Santo ( Grohmann et al. 1997, 2003, Cunha et al. 2015), Rio de Janeiro ( Vannucci 1951a, Nogueira et al. 1997, Grohmann et al. 2003, Cunha et al. 2015), São Paulo ( Vannucci 1951a, Oliveira et al. 2006, Cunha and Jacobucci 2010, Oliveira and Marques 2011, Silveira and Morandini 2011, Cunha et al. 2015), Paraná (Maria A. Haddad unp. data), and Santa Catarina ( Cunha et al. 2015, Denise M. Menon unpub. data).World distribution – widely distributed in Western Atlantic ( Calder 2013).

Remarks: Colonizing algae and Bryozoa.

Infraorder Obeliida Maronna, Miranda, Peña Cantero, Barbeitos & Marques, 2016 Clytiidae Cockerell, 1911 sensu novum Clytia brevithecata (Thornely, 1900) Fig. 9A

Synonyms available from: Calder (1991) and Galea (2008). Campanularia brevithecata Thornely, 1900: 454 , pl. 44, fig. 8, 8a, 8b. Laomedea hummelincki Leloup, 1935: 19 , fig. 7.

Clytia hummelincki – Migotto, 1996: 84, fig. 15G.

Description: Two polyps, stolonal, up to 1.9 mm high, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Pedicel long, relatively large, perisarc moderately thick, smooth, and with annulations at the base, near the medial region, and in the distal end, just before the hydrothecae. Hydrothecae cup-shaped, shallow, 163 µm high, 209 µm wide at the margin. Hydrothecal wall with a thin and smooth perisarc. Margin smooth and diaphragm thin.

Material examined: VB – two polyps, one from dry and the other from rainy season. CZUFS CNI-00049.

Stations: VB – C2P12, C3P12.

Distribution: Brazil – Bahia (Kelmo and Attrill 2003), Pernambuco ( Calder and Maÿal 1998), São Paulo ( Migotto 1996, Marques et al. 2001, Oliveira et al. 2006, Oliveira and Marques 2011, Silveira and Morandini 2011), Paraná (Maria A. Haddad unpub. data), and Santa Catarina ( Miranda et al. 2015). World distribution – Circumglobal in tropical and warm-temperate waters ( Calder and Faucci 2021).

Taxonomic remarks: Clytia hummelincki ( Leloup, 1935) became a junior synonym of C. brevithecata (Calder 2021, Calder and Faucci 2021). The description for C. brevithecata includes the existence of a subhydrothecal spherule, however in the specimens found at Sergipe there was not a clear spherule, but a rounded shaped enlargement, located just below the diaphragm and followed by the annulations of the pedicel. As the hydrothecal basal chamber is short, we supposed that the subhydrothecal chamber found in specimens from Sergipe is connected with the basal one, not well distinguished from it.

Remarks: Found on Ostreidae and Eudendrium merulum .

Figures

Figure 8. (A) Campanularia sp. 1: general view of a polyp; (B) Clytia hemisphaerica: general view of polyps and two gonothecae (red arrows); (C) Clytia elsaeoswaldae: general view of two polyps and a gonotheca (red arrows); (D, G) Campanularia sp. 2: (D) general view of a polyp; (G) detail of the hydrotheca; (E-F) Clytia gracilis: (E) general view of two polyps and two gonothecae (red arrows); (F) general view of a polyp.

Figure 9. (A) Clytia brevithecata: general view of a polyp; (B) Clytia linearis: general view of a colony; (C, H) Clytia macrotheca: general view of a polyp; (H) detail of the hydrotheca margin; (F-G) Clytia noliformis: (F) detail of two gonothecae; (G) general view of a polyp; (D, E, I) Clytia paulensis: (D) general view of a polyp; (E) detail of two gonothecae; (I) – detail of the hydrotheca margin.

Figure 10. (A) Obelia oxydentata: detail of a stem; (B) Obelia dichotoma: detail of a stem showing some gonothecae (red arrows); (C) Orthopyxis crenata: general view of a polyp; (D) Orthopyxis sargassicola: general view of a polyp and a gonotheca (red arrow).