Calycomyza smallanthi, Eiseman & Lonsdale, 2019

Eiseman, Charles S. & Lonsdale, Owen, 2019, New State and Host Records for Agromyzidae (Diptera) in the United States, with the Description of Ten New Species, Zootaxa 4661 (1), pp. 1-39 : 9-10

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4661.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8DF7EC6E-ECF2-4819-979E-0E26BDDC2B21
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A7A4D79-3525-FFA6-14C5-FF3BFB25FE6F
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Calycomyza smallanthi
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Calycomyza smallanthi spec. nov.

( Figs. 10, 11 View FIGURES 6–13 , 39–41 View FIGURES 34–45 , 87–92 View FIGURES 87–92 )

Holotype. TENNESSEE: Davidson Co., Nashville, Jocelyn Hollow Rd. (36.098492, -86.911013), 19.viii.2017, em. 15–17.ix.2017, C.S. Eiseman, ex Smallanthus uvedalius , #CSE4271, CNC939961 View Materials (³). GoogleMaps

Paratype. Same data as holotype, CNC939962 View Materials (1³).

Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the host plant, Smallanthus Mack. ex Small.

Host. Asteraceae : Smallanthus uvedalius (L.) Mack. ex Small.

Leaf mine. ( Figs. 39–41 View FIGURES 34–45 ) Whitish; initially linear with frass in a central line, soon expanding to a blotch that obliterates the linear portion. The blotch has patches or concentric arcs of brown discoloration, and blackish frass is deposited in scattered irregular particles. In one blotch three whitish larvae were found feeding together.

Puparium. ( Fig. 11 View FIGURES 6–13 ) Reddish-brown; formed outside the mine.

Distribution. USA: TN. Leaf mines possibly representing this species have been found in DC and PA (see Comments).

Adult description. Wing length 2.8 mm (³). Female unknown. Length of ultimate section of vein CuA 1 divid- ed by penultimate section: 2.4–2.5. Eye height divided by gena height: 5.1–6.0. First flagellomere small, rounded. Ocellar triangle round, barely larger than tubercle. Cheek narrow, well-delimited. Thorax subshining, notum slightly more grayish pruinose.

Chaetotaxy: Two ors, two ori, setae becoming shorter anteriorly. Postvertical and ocellar setae subequal to ors. Orbital setulae very short, sparse. Three dorsocentral setae; second seta slightly shorter than first; third thinner, approximately half length of second. Acrostichal seta absent. Acrostichal setulae in six rows. Mid tibia with two strong posteromedial setae, above which are one or two weaker setae.

Coloration: ( Fig. 10 View FIGURES 6–13 ) Setae black. Head light yellow with slight orange tint on frons, margin along eye with almost invisible orange/brown tint; back of head, antenna, ocellar tubercle (spot confluent with back of head), palpus and clypeus (except narrow center) dark brown; posterolateral corner of frons dark brown, fading to brown to base of inner vertical seta; region from inner vertical seta to posterior ors very faintly brownish with pigment virtually absent. Remainder of body mostly dark brownish-black with legs paler brown; scutum with light yellow to whitish lateral stripe that ends at postalar wall, which has faded light yellow margins; calypter margin yellow, hairs dark brown; halter white; apex of fore femur narrowly light yellow; base of fore tibia light yellow; perianal region light yellow.

Genitalia: ( Figs. 87–92 View FIGURES 87–92 ) Epandrium with dense cluster of inner posteroventral tubercle-like setae. Surstylus apically truncated; with dense patch of tubercle-like setae on inner surface that are longer anteriorly. Hypandrium thin, narrowly arched; inner lobe transverse, dorsally arched with empty sockets medially and one seta on darker medial section. Pregonite narrow; apex broad with minute pits. Basiphallus curved ventrally, with one pair of weak narrow dorsolateral plates (right plate shorter) that are joined by narrower, weaker, transverse apical band that disappears as it extends laterally onto lobate hypophallus; dorsum of membranous shaft between phallophorus and mesophallus thickened. Paraphalli joined to form ventral membranous fringe below mesophallus that is nearly as long as basiphallus sclerite; lightly sclerotized in laterobasal corner. Mesophallus cylindrical with base and apex darker, narrowest medially, as long as distance between it and phallophorus, axis slightly deviated before midpoint; slightly flattened dorsoventrally, width of apex slightly more than 1/4 length in lateral view and almost 1/3 length in ventral view. Distiphallus very dark, angled ventrally, length slightly more than half length of mesophallus; thick and somewhat heart-shaped with narrow basal stem and flatter irregular apex. Ejaculatory apodeme large with thick stem and slightly wider, striated blade; base slightly asymmetrical with membranous tubule on distal margin and minute process on proximal margin; sperm sac clear; base of duct sclerotized with expanded plate extending onto sac.

Comments. This new species resembles Calycomyza frickiana Spencer , also found on Asteraceae ( Bidens , Helianthus and Rudbeckia ), and will be identified as it using existing keys, having a similar phallus, dark calypter hairs and a pale orbital plate. Calycomyza smallanthi , however, has two additional weak setae on the mid tibia and a slightly shallower gena (eye 3.8–4.8 times as high as gena in C. frickiana ). The genitalia of the new species also differ as follows: paraphallus only weakly sclerotized at base (not long and dark); mesophallus longer, narrower, paler and more constricted and deviated medially; distiphallus heart-shaped in ventral view with narrower basal stem and dorsoapical constriction (more ovate with broad base in C. frickiana , and with dorsum mostly flat); ejaculatory apodeme narrower and darker.

No Calycomyza View in CoL has previously been reared from Smallanthus View in CoL . The new species may be responsible for the blotch mines that Spencer & Steyskal (1986) discussed as “Unidentified mine No. 9,” noting that they possibly represented an undescribed Calycomyza View in CoL species. Empty mines were found on Theodore Roosevelt Island, Washington, DC, on 1 July 1980. Woods (2018) photographed old mines on 30 June 2017 in Pennsylvania (Greene County), a state where S. uvedalius is listed as Threatened ( Anonymous 2018) and thus an insect apparently specializing on this plant is also of conservation concern. Assuming that these observations do represent C. smallanthi , the species is evidently at least bivoltine, since the type series was reared from larvae found feeding in August.