Calendula suffruticosa subsp. tunetana

Gonçalves, Ana Carla, Ouhammoud, Ahmed, Amirouche, Rachid, Santos, Conceição, Figueiredo, Estrela & Silveira, Paulo, 2023, A taxonomic revision of Calendula (Asteraceae) in Morocco, including some taxa from Algeria and Tunisia, Phytotaxa 605 (1), pp. 1-83 : 42-43

suffruticosa and subsp. tunetana that do not occur in Morocco, and excluding subsp. balansae , subsp. boissieri and subsp. tlemcensis from Algeria)

1. Trialate achenes present .................................................................................................................................................................... 2

– Trialate achenes absent ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7

2. Basal leaves linear to narrowly oblanceolate .................................................................................................... 11o. subsp. tunetana

– Basal leaves oblanceolate to spatulate .............................................................................................................................................. 3

3. Rostrate achenes curved forming and angle of approx. 90º and with spines 0.5–1.5 mm on the dorsal face ..................................... ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11c. subsp. djurdjurensis

– Rostrate achenes straigth, or not so curved, usually without spines ................................................................................................ 4

4. Plants with a predominantly white-arachnoid indumentum ............................................................................................................. 5

– Plants glabrous to glandulose ........................................................................................................................................................... 6

5. Trialate achenes (11.7) 12.4–13.8 (14.5) × (8.8) 9.1–9.2 mm, with length/width> 1.5 ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... 11i. subsp. marsaensis

– Trialate achenes (6.3) 8.4–9.8 (10.3) × (5.3) 6–9.1 (10) mm, with length/width approx. 1 ......................... 11f. subsp. guruguensis

6. Trialate achenes length (7.8) 8.5–9.2 (9.8) mm ................................................................................................... 11n. subsp. trialata

– Trialate achenes length (7.7) 10.2–13.5 (16.2) mm ........................................................................................... 11j. subsp. monardii

7. Middle achenes exclusively bialate (10.5) 13.5–16.1 (22) × (6.7) 8.5–11.1 (11.7) mm, with a rostrum (2.5) 3.3–4.5 (9.7) mm, lateral wings sinuate-dentate to incise dentate; inner vermiculate achenes falcate .............................................. 11d. subsp. foliosa

– Middle achenes not exclusively bialate, with another more predominant type of achene (sub-cymbiform or cymbiform), and/or smaller and margins entire or almost entire; inner vermiculate achenes ±circular, not falcate ........................................................ 8

8. Middle achenes sub-exalate or, at least, predominantly sub-exalate ............................................................... 11h. subsp. lusitanica

– Middle achenes, not sub-exalate ....................................................................................................................................................... 9

9. Outer rostrate achenes length (17) 21.5–26.5 (29) mm, with conspicuous dorsal spines averaging 2 mm ......... 11e. subsp. fulgida

– Outer rostrate achenes smaller, without spines, with spines much smaller, or less abundant ........................................................ 10

10. Indumentum of leaves and stems predominantly white-arachnoid ................................................................................................ 11

– Indumentum of leaves and stems not predominantly white-arachnoid, ± glabrous to glandulose, or mostly glandulose with young parts ± white-arachnoid .................................................................................................................................................................. 12

11. Outer rostrate achenes length (5) 6–10.2 (13.5) mm, with 4-6 dorsal spines averaging 1 mm; middle achenes exclusively cymbiform .......................................................................................................................................................... 11b. subsp. dersana

– Outer rostrate achenes length (7) 12.3–16.1 (17) mm, without dorsal spines; middle achenes cymbiform, sub-cymbiform and/or bialate .......................................................................................................................................................... 11g. subsp. hosmarensis

12. Indumentum of leaves and stems predominantly ± glabrous to glandulose ................................................................................... 13

– Indumentum of leaves and stems mostly ± glabrous to glandulose but with young parts ± white-arachnoid ................................14

13. Rostrate achenes length (21) 24–30 (31) mm; cymbiform achenes width 5.8–7.3 (8.3) mm ......................... 11m. subsp. tazaensis

– Rostrate achenes length (11) 16–23 (26) mm; cymbiform achenes width (6.7) 7.7–10.8 (11.8) mm ........... 11l. subsp. suffruticosa

14. Ratio length/width of basal leaves (2.5) 2.7–4.2 (4.7); basal leaves thickness (0.2) 0.3–0.4 (0.5) mm ............. 11k. subsp. riffensis

– Ratio length/width of basal leaves (4.9) 5.0–6.3 (6.5); basal leaves thickness (0.3) 0.4–0.6 (0.8) mm ......... 11a. subsp. boccoyana