Cacopsylla kinabaluensis, Burckhardt, 2024

Burckhardt, Daniel, 2024, The Psyllinae (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) from Gunung Kinabalu (Malaysia, Sabah), Alpine Entomology 8, pp. 1-17 : 1

Cacopsylla kinabaluensis sp. nov.

Figs 3 , 4 , 10 , 16-18 , 29-31

Type locality.

Malaysia, Sabah, Ranau, Gunung Kinabalu, Kinabalu Park, summit trail below Layang Layang, 6.0439°N, 116.5602°E, 2640 m.

Material examined.

Holotype. Malaysia • ♂; Sabah, Ranau, Gunung Kinabalu, Kinabalu Park , summit trail below Layang Layang ; 6.0439°N, 116.5602°E; 2640 m; 1.v.1987; D. Burckhardt and I. Löbl leg.; #F8740; moss forest; MHNG, dry . Paratypes. Malaysia • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same but summit trail; 6.0416°N, 116.5565°E; 2620 m; 29.iv.1982; D. Burckhardt leg.; #F8285; moss forest; MHNG, dry . • 2 ♂; same but summit trail below Layang Layang ; 6.0419°N, 116.5578°E; 2560 m; 1.v.1987; D. Burckhardt and I. Löbl leg.; #F8735; moss forest, on Syzygium sp. ( Myrtaceae ); MHNG, dry . • 10 ♂, 3 ♀; same as holotype; MHNG, NHMB, dry, slide. • 1 ♂; same but below Layang Layang ; 2600 m; 28.v.1987; A. Smetana leg.; MHNG, dry .

Diagnosis.

Adult. Vertex 0.3-0.4 times as long as wide; genal processes 1.9 times as long as vertex along midline, slender, tubular, widely separated in the middle. Antenna 3.4-3.6 times as long as head width; relative length of flagellar segments as 1.0: 0.9: 0.9: 1.0: 0.9: 0.8: 0.2: 0.2. Metatibia lacking genual spine. Forewing widest in apical third, 3.4-3.6 times as long as head width, 2.2-2.3 times as long as broad, costal margin curved; pterostigma short, regularly narrowing to apex, ending level with bifurcation of vein M; vein Rs evenly curved, subparallel with costal margin; m1 cell value 2.4-2.7, cu1 cell value 2.1; veins beset with very long, conspicuous setae; surface spinules restricted to apices of cells except for cells r1 and cu2 where they cover the entire cell leaving broad spinule-free stripes along the veins; relatively evenly spaced forming irregular rhombs or squares, absent from basal half and from base of cell r2; fields of surface spinules in each of the marginal cells widening to wing margin. Male proctiger narrowly tubular, weakly sinuate, 0.5 times as long as head width. Subgenital plate, in lateral view, subglobular, slightly elongate, with weakly concave dorsal margin. Paramere slightly longer than proctiger, in lateral view, narrowly digitiform, weakly sinuate; inner face with a patch of very dense thick bristles in basal third. Distal segment of aedeagus hardly inflated apically. Female proctiger 1.0 times as long as head width; dorsal margin slightly sinuous, irregularly narrowing to subacute apex. Female subgenital plate 0.6 times as long as proctiger, in lateral view, irregularly narrowing to pointed apex.

Description.

Adult. Colouration. General body colour ochreous, mixed with white and almost black elements (Fig. 3 ). Head (Fig. 4 ) ochreous; vertex white along posterior margin in the middle and along base of coronal suture; each half of vertex with small dark brown patch; area around median ocellus black; genal processes, except for base, ochreous to red. Antennal segments 1 and 2 straw-coloured, segment 3 yellow with brown apical third, segments 4-10 dark brown or black. Pronotum almost black in anterior half and along a narrow stripe in the middle of posterior half, which is white otherwise. Mesopraescutum mostly ochreous with two semicircular patches along posterior margin on either side; the two median white patches are separated from ochreous part by a thick, curved, dark brown transverse line. Mesoscutum with dark brown longitudinal stripes. Mesoscutellum dark brown with wide white margins. Metapostnotum reddish with brown dot in the middle. Femora partly brown, meso- and metatarsi almost black. Forewing membrane transparent, colourless; veins light brown, becoming darker towards apex; apex of clavus brown. Younger specimens with more expanded light colour.

Structure. Conforming to the generic description of Ossiannilsson (1992). Body length ♂ 4.0-4.4 mm, ♀ 4.5-4.8 mm (10 ♂, 3 ♀). Head deflexed 45-90° from longitudinal body axis (Fig. 3 ); as wide as mesoscutum. Vertex rhomboidal, short, 0.3-0.4 times as long a wide, concave at base, bearing long setae and imbricate microsculpture; preocular sclerite narrow; genal processes 1.9 times as long as vertex along midline, slender, tubular, widely separated in the middle, evenly beset with sparse long setae (Fig. 4 ); eyes hemispherical. Rostrum 0.3-0.5 times as long as head width, in lateral view mostly hidden by mesosternum and only apical segment visible. Antenna 3.4-3.6 times as long as head width; relative length of flagellar segments as 1.0: 0.9: 0.9: 1.0: 0.9: 0.8: 0.2: 0.2; antennal segment 3 longest; relative length of segment 10 and terminal antennal setae as 1.0: 1.2: 1.2. Metatibia 0.9 times as long as head width, lacking genual spine, weakly widening to apex, with 1+3+1 apical spurs. Forewing (Fig. 10 ) oval, widest in apical third, 3.4-3.6 times as long as head width, 2.2-2.3 times as long as broad, costal margin irregularly curved, relatively evenly rounded apically; pterostigma relatively short, at base narrower than adjacent part of cell r1, regularly narrowing to apex, ending level with bifurcation of vein M; vein C+Sc weakly, relatively evenly curved; vein M+Cu longer than half length of R; vein Rs evenly curved, subparallel with costal margin; m1 cell value 2.4-2.7, cu1 cell value 2.1; veins beset with very long, conspicuous setae (Fig. 10 ); surface spinules restricted to apices of cells except for cells r1 and cu2 where they cover the entire cell leaving broad spinule-free stripes along the veins; relatively evenly spaced forming irregular rhombs or squares, absent from basal half and from base of cell r2; fields of surface spinules in each of the marginal cells widening to wing margin.

Male terminalia as in Figs 16-18 . Proctiger narrowly tubular, weakly sinuate, 0.5 times as long as head width; densely beset with long, setae except for base. Subgenital plate, in lateral view, subglobular, slightly elongate, with weakly concave dorsal margin; densely beset with moderately long setae except for basally and dorso-apically. Paramere slightly longer than proctiger, in lateral view, narrowly digitiform, weakly sinuate; irregularly narrowing to blunt apex; apex, in dorsal view, with sclerotised tooth pointing antero-mediad; in caudal view curved, basal half strongly expanded medially and densely beset with thick bristles; outer face beset with moderately long setae; inner face with a patch of very dense thick bristles in basal third and a few sparse bristles apically, otherwise bare except for two long setae. Aedeagus long and very slender; distal segment of aedeagus hardly inflated apically, rounded; sclerotised end tube of ductus ejaculatorius short, weakly curved. - Female terminalia as in Fig. 29-31 . Proctiger 1.0 times as long as head width, 3.5 times as long as circumanal ring which consists of two unequal rows of pores; dorsal margin slightly sinuous, irregularly narrowing to subacute apex; densely beset with moderately long setae in median third and with a submedian longitudinal row of long setae and a lateral band of peg setae on either side in apical third. Subgenital plate 0.6 times as long as proctiger, in lateral view, irregularly narrowing to pointed apex; except for base beset with long setae becoming sparser towards apex and, in apical third, with lateral peg setae. Dorsal and ventral valvulae curved; lateral valvula narrowly rounded apically.

Measurements in mm (1 ♂, 1 ♀). Head width 0.98-1.06; antenna length 2.88-3.48; forewing length 3.30-3.80; length of male proctiger 0.50; paramere length 0.56; length of distal segment of aedeagus 0.40; female proctiger length 1.04.

Fifth instar immature unknown.

Etymology.

Named after its provenience, the Gunung Kinabalu.

Distribution.

Malaysia: Sabah, Gunung Kinabalu, at around 2600 m altitude.

Host plant, biology and habitat.

Unknown. Two adults were collected on Syzygium sp. ( Myrtaceae ) which is an unlikely host. All specimens were collected in moss forest.

Comments.

Cacopsylla kinabaluensis is morphologically similar to Psylla aranetae Miyatake, 1972 and Psylla bakeri Crawford, 1919, two species described from the Philippines without host data and based only on one and two females, respectively ( Crawford 1919; Miyatake 1972). The three species share the multi-coloured body, the short vertex, the long tubular, medially widely separated genal processes, the long antennae (> twice head width), the absence of a genual spine and 1+3+1 apical spurs on the metatibiae, the oval forewings with curved costal margin and narrow, relatively short pterostigma, and the moderately long, cuneate female terminalia with apically subacute or pointed proctiger and subgenital plate. The three morphologically similar species constitute a putatively monophyletic group and are congeneric. Apart from the very long antennae and the tubular, medially widely separated genal processes the three species fit the concept of Cacopsylla by Ossiannilsson (1992). For this reason, the two Philippine species are transferred here to Cacopsylla as Cacopsylla aranetae (Miyatake, 1972), comb. nov. and Cacopsylla bakeri (Crawford, 1919), comb. nov. (both from Psylla ). Immatures will be necessary to test this generic placement.

Cacopsylla kinabaluensis and C. aranetae differ from C. bakeri in the larger body size (forewing length> 3.3 mm versus 2.3 mm) and the longer cell m1 (cell m1 value> 2.0 versus <2.0; length ratio of veins M/M1+2 ca. 1 versus ca. 2) ( Crawford 1919). Cacopsylla kinabaluensis differs from C. aranetae in the longer genal processes (length ratio of vertex/genal processes 1.9 versus 1.3), the longer antenna (antenna length/head width ration> 2.9 versus 2.2) and the sinuate (versus slightly concave) dorsal outline, in lateral view, of the female proctiger ( Miyatake 1972).

Figures

Figures 1 - 8. Cacopsylla spp. 1, 3, 5, 7. Habitus, in lateral view; 2, 4, 6, 8. Head, in dorsal view; 1, 2. C. graciliforceps; 3, 4. C. kinabaluensis; 5, 6. C. myrsines; 7, 8. C. photiniae.

Figures 9 - 12. Cacopsylla spp., forewing. 9. C. graciliforceps; 10. C. kinabaluensis; 11. C. myrsines; 12. C. photiniae.

Figures 13 - 24. Cacopsylla spp., male terminalia. 13, 16, 19, 22. Male terminalia, in lateral view; 14, 17, 20, 23. Inner face of paramere; 15, 21, 24. Distal aedeagal segment, same scale as paramere; 18. apex of distal aedeagal segment. 13 - 15. C. graciliforceps; 16 - 18. C. kinabaluensis; 19 - 21. C. myrsines; 22 - 24. C. photiniae.

Figures 25 - 33. Cacopsylla spp., female terminalia. 25, 29, 32, 33. Female terminalia, in lateral view; 26. Distal part of circumanal ring, in dorsal view; 27, 30. Subapical portion of proctiger, in lateral view; 28, 31. Dorsal and ventral valvulae. 25 - 28. C. graciliforceps; 29 - 31. C. kinabaluensis; 32. C. myrsines; 33. C. photiniae.