Burmeistera caldasensis (Gleason) E.Wimm., Repert., 2023

González, Favio, 2023, Taxonomic revision of Burmeistera (Campanulaceae-Lobelioideae) in Colombia, Phytotaxa 615 (1), pp. 1-113 : 27

10. Burmeistera caldasensis (Gleason) E.Wimm., Repert. Spec.Nov. Regni Veg.29: 52. 1931.

Centropogon caldasensis Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 446. 1924.

Type:— COLOMBIA. Caldas: Río San Rafael, below Cerro Tatamá , 2200‒2400 m, 7–11 Sep 1922 (fl), F. Pennell 10322 (holotype: NY! [ NY00468068 ] ; isotype: GH! [GH00033070]) . Figs. 6 , 7A, B .

Terrestrial herbs or shrubs up to 1 m tall. Stem puberulous when young, later glabrescent. Petiole 2.5‒4.0(‒6.0) cm long, puberulous; blade elliptic to narrowly ovate, 5‒9(‒12) × 1.5‒4.5 cm, glabrous above, puberulous along the veins beneath, base cuneate to obtuse, usually asymmetric, apex acute to acuminate, margin subentire to slightly crenate, hydathodes marginal to slightly extramarginal, secondary veins 7 to 8 (11) per side, veins of higher order conspicuously reticulate, intramarginal vein lacking. Peduncle 3.5‒5.0 cm long (up to 5.5 cm long in fruit), puberulous, with one or two basal bracteoles, these linear to club-shaped, 3‒8 mm long. Hypanthium obconic, 8‒13 × 4‒6(‒9) mm, puberulous. Calyx lobes oblong-lanceolate, 10‒14 (‒20) × 3‒8 mm, ascending, glabrous to scattered puberulous, contiguous, margin subentire to slightly sinuous, with 4 to 8 teeth per side, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Corolla green often suffused with purple to brown, puberulous; tube 1.2‒1.7 cm long, 2‒3 mm diameter at its mid-level, inflated proximally and distally; lobes ovate, falcate, apex obtuse to acute, dorsal lobes 9‒16 × 3‒4 mm, lateral lobes 6‒9 × 3.5‒4.5 mm, ventral lobe 4.5‒6.0 × 3.8‒4.2 mm. Synandrium 2.5‒3.2 cm long, exserted up to 1 cm; filament tube 2.2‒2.6 cm long, glabrous; anther tube 3‒6 mm long, glabrous, ventral anthers barbate, villous at the apex. Berries globose to oblong, 4.0‒4.5 × 2.0‒ 2.5 cm, inflated, glabrous, green to yellow, with brown variegation.

Phenology: — Burmeistera caldasensis sets flowers and fruits from February to July and from September to December.

Distribution, ecology and conservation status: — Burmeistera caldasensis is endemic to the Western Cordillera of Colombia, in the departaments of Antioquia, Caldas, Cauca, Chocó, Nariño, Risaralda and Valle del Cauca. It occurs in cloud forest remnants at elevations between 1700 and 3000 m. Following the IUCN (2022) Guidelines, this species qualifies for the Near Threatened (NT) category.

Notes: —Among the species with bracteolate peduncles, Burmeistera caldasensis is similar to B. bullatifolia and B. nigropilosa , from which it differs by the leaf blade not bullate, glabrous above, with margin subentire to slightly repandous, with few (<10) loosely scattered teeth, and berries glabrous, green to pale yellow (versus leaf blades bullate, puberulous or hirtellous above, margins with 16 to 40 sharp teeth per side, and berries densely villous or hirtellous in the remaining two species).

Additional specimens examined:— Antioquia. Jardín, 16 km above Jardín along road to Riosucio , 2560 m, 6 Dec 1988 (fl, fr), P. Berry et al. 4709 ( HUA, NY) ; Jardín, vía Jardín-Riosucio, 7 km de Jardín , 5°30´N, 75°50´W, 2020 m, 7 Jun 1987 (fl, fr), R. Callejas et al. 3745 ( HUA) ; Jardín , sector “El Clavel”, 5º36´21´´N, 75º46´33´´, 1800‒2000 m, 1 Jul 2007 (fr), H. David et al. 2090 ( HUA) ; Jardín , vereda Ventanas, Jardín-Ventanas-Riosucio road, 12‒19 km SSE of Jardín, 5°40´N, 75°47´W, 2320‒2800 m, 3 May 1989 (fl, fr), J. L. Luteyn et al. 12714 ( HUA), 12715 ( HUA, NY), 12718 ( HUA) ; Jardín , carretera Jardín-Riosucio, 2650 m, 22 Mar 1987 (fl, fr), O. Marulanda 248 ( HUA). Cauca. Cajibío , Monte El Trueno, 2700‒3000 m, 1917 (fl), F. Pennell 793 ( NY). Chocó. El Carmen de Atrato, carretera Urrao , ca. 15 km al NO de la cabecera municipal, 2500 m, 7 Nov 1985 (fl), G. Galeano et al. 749 ( COL). Nariño: Barbacoas, corregimiento Junín, vereda Gualte, trail from north side of Hwy Junín-Barbacoas towards río Ñambí , 775 m, 14 May 2013 (fl), J. Clark et al. 13493 ( COL). Risaralda. Mistrató, vía San Antonio de Chamí y Mistrató , sitio “Las Partidas”, 1700 m, 26 Apr 1992 (fl, fr), J. Fernández 10114 ( COL) ; Pueblo Rico, entre San Antonio de Chamí y Mistrató, ca. 1800 m, 24 Apr 1991 (fl, fr), F. González 2327 A ( COL) ; Pueblo Rico, vereda Tatamá, Reserva Natural Karagabí, 05°00´00´´N, 76°01´00´´W, 1982 m, 17 Mar 1997 (fl, fr), L. Molina et al. 97 ( MEDEL) ; Pueblo Rico, Parque Regional Karagabí, 2400 m, 5 Apr 2004 (fl, fr), D. Sanín 371, 388 ( HUA) ; Apía, vereda “La Cumbre”, 2285 m, 24 Feb 1983 (fl, fr), J. Torres et al. 2222 ( COL). Valle del Cauca. Cordillera Occidental, filo de la Cordillera, cerro sobre Alto de Mira , entre Tabor y Carrizales, 2100–2350 m, 23 Oct 1946 (fl, fr), J. Cuatrecasas 22450, 22450 A (VALLE) ; Cordillera Occidental, vertiente occidental, hoya del río Digua , quebrada del río San Juan, arriba de Queremal, Las Colonias , 1950‒2050 m, J. Cuatrecasas 23891 (VALLE) ; El Cairo, Cerro del Inglés , 2000 m, 29 May 2008 (fl, fr), J. Garzón et al. 471 ( COL), 476 ( COL).

Figures

FIGURE 6. Distribution of Burmeistera borjensis, B. boyacensis, B. breviflora, B. bullatifolia, B. caldasensis and B. ceratocarpa.

FIGURE 7. A–B. Burmeistera caldasensis (Luteyn et al. 12714), branch with flower and berries (A) and flower (B). C. B. ceratocarpa (Luteyn et al. 11732), branch with flowers and berries. D–F. B. cyclostigmata (González 2420), flower at frontal (D) and lateral (E) view, and leaves and berries (F). Photo credits:A–C. J.L. Luteyn; D–F. F. González. Scale bars: 1 cm.