Aristolochia hainanensis subsp. yingjiangensis X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma, 2017

Zhu, Xin-Xin, Liao, Shuai, Ma, Zheng-Xu, Xu, Bo, Wang, Zhang-Hua, Wang, Yuan & Ma, Jin- Shuang, 2017, The taxonomic revision of Asian Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) III: Two new taxa of Aristolochia and morphological revision for the flower character of A. obliqua from Yunnan, China, Phytotaxa 332 (3), pp. 269-279 : 273-275

Aristolochia hainanensis subsp. yingjiangensis X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma , subsp. nov. ( Figs. 4 A–E & 5 )

The new subspecies differs from A. hainanensis Merrill (1922: 341) by its suborbicular lamina (base shallowly cordate to cordate), and bigger fruit (15–20 × 4–5 cm). It is also similar to A. kwangsiensis Chun et How ex C.F. Liang (1975: 12) in the leaf shape, but it differs from the latter in the shape of calyx limb. Detailed morphological comparison is shown in Table 2 and Fig. 4 .

Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Yingjiang County, Xima Town , 24°44’09”N, 97°40’09”E, 1730 m, 26 November 2016, X.X.Zhu ZXX16052 (holotype CSH-0134133!; isotypes CSH!, KUN!) .

subsp. yingjiangensis and A. kwangsiensis .

Climbing shrub. Stem terete. Petiole 5–10 cm long, more or less villous; lamina suborbicular, 12–22 × 10–20 cm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sparsely villous, densely on veins, base shallowly cordate to cordate, apex acuminate to acute. Cymes 1–3 at each node, on old woody stems and young branches. Peduncle 0.5–1 cm. Pedicel 2–5 cm, densely villous; bractlet 2–3 mm long, densely villous. Calyx yellowish white with purple veins; tube geniculately curved, abaxially villous; basal tube 2–2.5 cm long, inside dark red at base with villous, white above base, upper tube broadly shortened to funnel-shaped, inside yellow; limb nearly circular, 1.5–2 cm wide; lobes dark red, densely papillate; throat yellow. Anthers 6, oblong, ca. 2 mm long, adnate in 3 pairs to the base of gynostemium, opposite to the lobes. Gynostemium ca. 4 mm long, 3-lobed, margin slightly crispate. Ovary terete, ca. 1.5 cm long, densely brown villous. Capsule cylindric, 15–20 × 4–5 cm. Seeds triangular-ovate, 8–9 × 5–6 mm.

Distribution and habitat: —The new subspecies is currently known to Longchuan County and Yingjiang County, Yunnan, China, at elevations between 1730 m and 1850 m. It is locally rare and grows together with Lindera thomsonii C.K.Allen ( Lauraceae ), Mahonia conferta Takeda ( Berberidaceae ), Myrsine semiserrata Wall. ( Primulaceae ), Pyrularia edulis (Wall.) A.DC. ( Santalaceae ), Rubus sp. ( Rosaceae ), Smilax sp. ( Smilacaceae ), Swertia macrosperma (C.B.Clarke) C.B.Clarke ( Gentianaceae ), etc.

Phenology: —Flowering from November to December. Fruiting was observed from April to June.

Etymology: —The subspecific epithet derives from the type locality, Yingjiang County, west Yunnan, China. The Chinese name is given as “åĭĥẘṻ”.

Additional specimens of A. hainanensis subsp. yingjiangensis examined (paratypes): — CHINA. Yunnan: Longchuan County, 27 November 2016, X.X.Zhu ZXX16055 ( CSH) ; Yingjiang County, 9 December 1978, G. D.Tao 17888 ( HITBC), 26 November 1981, G. D.Tao 12634 ( HITBC), 10 May 1986, J. S. Ma 1015 ( PEM), 22 September 1988, W. Yu 88027 ( PEM), 17 April 2017, X.X.Zhu ZXX17043 ( CSH), 17 April 2017, X.X.Zhu ZXX17044 ( CSH, KUN), 2 June 2017, X.X.Zhu ZXX17073 ( CSH) .

Specimens of A. hainanensis subsp. hainanensis examined: — CHINA. Guangxi: Longzhou County, 17 October 1979, Nonggang Exped. 11317 ( IBK) ; Shangsi County, 10 November 1958, Z. Q. Zhang 13157 ( IBK, KUN) . Hainan: s.l. (sine loco), s.a. (sine anno), Anonymous Hai 102 ( PEM), s.a., Z. H. Li s.n. ( SYS), 8 December 1933, C. Wang 35221 ( A, IBK, IBSC), 1987, J. S. Liu 0042 ( PEM) ; Baisha County, 16 March 1936, S. K. Lau 25735 ( IBK, IBSC, KUN) ; Baoting County, 18 June 1935, K. Z. Hou 72941 ( IBSC), 1 September 1935, K. Z. Hou 73585 ( IBK, IBSC), 18 October 1936, S. K. Lau 28034 ( IBSC, KUN), 24 December 1954, Diaoluoshan Exped. 3283 ( IBK, IBSC) ; Changjiang County, 16 November 1979, G. D.Tao 23280 ( HITBC), 27 April 1988, Z. X.Li & F. W. Xing 3891 ( IBSC) ; Dongfang City , 17 December 1955, CAS Hainan Exped. 00338 ( IBSC, PE) ; Ledong County, 18 June 1959, Z. F. Wei 122596 ( IBSC), 30 October 1982, Anonymous 821057 ( IBSC) ; Lingshui County, November 1977, B. J. Lin s.n. ( IBSC) ; Qiongzhong County, 28 November 1936, L. Deng 426 ( IBK, IBSC), November 1954, X. R. Liang 68242 ( IBSC) ; Wuzhishan City , 11 December 1921, F. A. McClure 8630 (types A, K, SYS, US) , 28 April 1922, F. A.McClure 9332 ( SYS), 25 October 1932, N. K.Chun & C. L.Tso 44161 ( IBK, IBSC, NY, SYS), 26 October 1932, N. K.Chun & C. L.Tso 44181 ( A, B, K, IBK, IBSC), 9 January 1934, X. R.Liang 64297 ( IBSC), 12 November 1954, Hainan East Exped. 672 ( CDBI, IBK, IBSC, PE) .

Specimens of A. kwangsiensis examined: — CHINA. Guangxi: Daxin County, 8 April 1981, H. N. Qin 113 ( PE) ; Longzhou County, 17 August 1954, S. G. Li 200508 (type, IBK), 24 April 1956, Y. K. Li 00151 ( IBK, IBSC), 4 October 1956, Z. J. Li 3275 ( IBK), 31 May 1957, H. Q. Li 40756 (paratypes, IBK, IBSC), 2 June 1959, H. Q. Li 40733 ( IBK), 6 June 1959, H. Q. Li 40287 (paratype, IBK), 22 September 1959, D. A. Huang & Y. K. Li 62212 ( IBK), 10 October 1959, D. A. Huang 61728 (paratype, IBK), 12 April 1966, s.coll. Long 93 ( PE), 22 September 1979, Longgang Exped. 10107 ( IBK), 22 September 1979, Longgang Exped. 10300 ( IBK) ; Napo County, 7 December 1985, J. S. Ma 537 ( PEM), 7 December 1985, J. S. Ma 539 ( PEM), 7 December 1985, J. S. Ma 544 ( PEM), 7 December 1985, J. S. Ma 548 ( PEM), 7 December 1985, J. S. Ma 552 ( PEM), 7 December 1985, J. S. Ma 580 ( PEM), 7 December 1985, J. S. Ma 581 ( PEM), 16 October 1997, H. Akiyama et al. 719 ( KUN), 19 October 1997, H. Akiyama et al. 752 ( KUN) ; Tian’e County, 6 May 1989, Beijing Exped. 890888 ( PE) .

Figures

FIGURE 4. A–E: Aristolochia hainanensis subsp. yingjiangensis. A. Leaf, B–C. Flower, D. Longitudinal-section of flower (showing inside structure), E. Capsule. F–J: A. hainanensis subsp. hainanensis. F. Leaf, G–H. Flower, I. Longitudinal-section of flower (showing inside structure), J. Capsule. K–O: A. kwangsiensis. K. Leaf, L–M. Flower, N. Longitudinal-section of flower (showing inside structure), O. Capsule. (A–I, K–O: photographed by X.X.Zhu; J: photographed by Y.Xiao.)

FIGURE 5. Holotype of Aristolochia hainanensis subsp. yingjiangensis (CSH-0134133).