Apterocyclus kawaii Paulsen & Hawks

Paulsen, M. J. & Hawks, David C., 2014, A review of the primary types of the Hawaiian stag beetle genus Apterocyclus Waterhouse (Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucaninae), with the description of a new species, ZooKeys 433, pp. 77-88 : 84-86

Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Lucanidae

Apterocyclus kawaii Paulsen & Hawks sp. n.

Apterocyclus kawaii Paulsen & Hawks, new species. Type material: Holotype male (BPBM) labeled: a) "HAWAIIAN ISLANDS / Kauai I. [Makaweli] / [19.VIII.1978 / RCA Rice"; b) red paper "No. 24714 / Hawaiian Coll. / BISHOP museum"; c) red paper, "Apterocyclus / kawaii ♂ /Paulsen & Hawks 2014 / HOLOTYPE". Type locality: USA, Hawaii, Kauai Co., Makaweli. Paratype male (MJPC) labeled: a) "Hawaii: Kauai / Robinson Plant Preserve / 21.V.1996 / J.C. Abbott #494; b) black-bordered "[Apterocyclus / honoluluensis Wat.] / Det. John C. Abbott / [1996]; c) yellow paper, "Apterocyclus / kawaii ♂ / Paulsen & Hawks 2014 / PARATYPE".

Diagnosis.

This distinctive species (Fig. 9) can be immediately recognized by the tubercles present on the ventral surface of the mandibles (Fig. 10). These are not found in any of the described species. Also, the greatly expanded shape, concavity, and rugosity of the protibiae are distinctive (Fig. 9). All other Apterocyclus specimens examined have sparsely punctate protibial surfaces, and only Apterocyclus palmatus also possesses an internal tooth on the protibia.

Description, holotype.

Length: 16.5 mm. Width: 8.2 mm (pronotum). Color: Black. Head: Surface granulate and with scattered moderate punctures. Eyes with ocular canthus almost obsolete. Antennal club small, short (shorter than scape), antennomeres 8 and 9 of club tomentose only distally, visible surfaces of antennomere 10 more or less entirely tomentose. Clypeofrontal area tumid. Clypeus short, not projecting, broadly triangular with pointed apex. Mandibles short, simply falcate (lacking internal tooth, but with irregular internal margin), broadly flattened; surface externally and ventrally with numerous small tubercles (Fig. 10). Mentum semicircular, surface granulate, setose. Pronotum: Form short, wider than elytra, broadly rounded laterally (posterior angles obsolete). Surface shiny on disk with moderately deep punctures, becoming granulate near angles. Elytra: Form almost circular, as wide together as long. Surface alutaceous but weakly shiny with moderate, shallow punctures, some in vague rows. Legs: Protibiae concave ventrally, widened apically, surface densely, rugosely punctate; external margin with one large tooth near apex. Apical spur short, spatulate. Meso- and metatibiae robust, lacking external teeth. Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 11) with permanently everted internal sac flared at apex (as in congeners).

Paratype variation.

Length: 22.9 mm. Width: 10.8 mm. Head: Clypeofrontal area indented; clypeus with apex less acute.

Etymology.

The species is named for our colleague Shinya Kawai, of Tokyo, Japan, in honor of his work on Lucanidae , especially on the similarly flightless genus Colophon Gray of South Africa, and in gratitude for the assistance he has provided to MJP in both research and field collecting in Japan. The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

Distribution.

Two specimens are known, both males, from the Makaweli [Kaumakani] area.

Remarks.

Nothing is known of the life history of this species. Although published as a rediscovery of Apterocyclus honoluluensis , the specimen discussed by Abbott and Petr (1997) is the paratype of this new species. The specimen was collected at dusk on a footpath along a ridge at 1000m ( Abbott and Petr 1997), although the specimen is damaged and appears to have been stepped upon.