Anneissia pinguis (AH Clark, 1909 )

Shin, Philjae Kim and Sook, 2020, Morphological description and molecular analysis of newly recorded Anneissia pinguis (Crinoidea: Comatulida: Comatulidae) from Korea, Journal of Species Research 9 (4), pp. 467-472 : 468-471

Anneissia pinguis (AH Clark, 1909)

Comanthus pinguis AH Clark, 1909: p. 147 ; Gislén, 1922:

46; Clark, 1931: 553. Cenolia (Cenolia) pinguis AH Clark, 1916: 115-195 . Oxycomanthus pinguis Rowe et al., 1986: 248 , 270;

Kogo, 1998: 42-45. Anneissia pinguis Summer et al., 2014: 337 .

Materials examined. Holotype: Korea, one specimen, Korea, Korea Strait, northeastern Jeju Island , at a depth of 91 m, by trawling, 31 Oct 2017 (GenBank no. MT 0 86598) . Paratypes: one specimen, Korea, Jeollanam-do, Goheung-gun, Nokdong Harbor , 11 Sep 2009, by fish trapping ; one specimen, Korea, Jeju Island, Moseulpo Harbor , at a depth of 150 m, 2 Oct 2013, by fish trapping ; four specimens, Korea, Korea Strait, northeastern Jeju Island , at a depth of 89 m, by trawling, 31 Oct 2017. All of the listed specimens were deposited at Sahmyook University .

Description. Centrodorsal large and thick hemispherical shape. Diameter of centrodorsal 5.0-10.0 mm and diameter of dorsal pole 4.0-7.0 mm (Height: 2.0-4.0 mm). Polar area concave and similar to A. japonica and A. bennetti . Cirrus socket numerous and arranged in alternating and massed three rows. Cirri long and stout, 28-36 in number, composed of 32-36 segments and 32-43 mm in length. Cirrus segments gradually decrease in length. First cirrus segment shorter than second segment. After the second segment, increase length in gradually until usually the tenth segment. Dorsal surface of segment well developed as carination and opposing spine represented. Terminal claw slightly curved and sharp with weak and small opposing spine, but not always present. Division series flat- tened and combined with a large centrodorsal. Axillaries, height-low pentagonal shape, almost triangle. Division series broad, smooth, no carination and shown in 4 (3 + 4) always. IIBr and IIIBr series usually regular presented and always presented in 4 (3 + 4). IVBr series rarely in body. Arms slightly fragile, 37-40 in number, 100-150 mm in length. Comb structure in pinnules, consisted of well-separated teeth on some terminal segments. PD (distal pinnule) very stout, strong, 48-57 segments, 18.0-32.0 mm (18-19 comb). PP (proximal pinnule) less stout basally than PD, 42-45 segments, 15.0-25.0 mm (16 comb). P 1, 45 segments, 10.0-18.0 mm (15 comb). P 2, short, slender, 4.0-10.0 mm (6-8 comb). P 3, 3.0-8.0 mm (6 comb). P 4, rudimental comb. P 5, no terminal comb. Large Disk, 20.0 to 35.0 mm in diameter, long and centrally placed anal papilla (Height: 6.0-7.0 mm), and marginal mouth.

Size. Centrodorsal discoidal with slightly concave polar area, diameter 5.0-10.0 mm, height 2.0-4.0 mm. Cirrus length 32.0-43.0 mm. Arm length 100-150 mm.

Color. Various body colors were observed in 95% ethanol, such as bright blue, white, yellow, and dark brown, often with a central line of white on the division series and arms. Body colors were not the same as the pinnules or cirri. Disk color was same as the body color; the centrodorsal and cirrus were light brown and ivory. Most of the specimens have rays on every arm from the centrodorsal to the arm tip, and the rays were colored ivory, white, or the body color. Pinnule color is usually similar to body color, but some specimens had a greenish pinnule tip. When alive, the body colors varied from yellow and orange to dark brown and blue with white and ivory ray on arms ( Fig. 1 ).

Distribution. Korea ( Korea Strait), Japan (Goto Islands, Kagoshima Gulf, Sagami Bay, Tokyo Bay), Hong Kong.

Remark. The genus Oxycomanthus Hoggett, Birtles & Vail, 1986 consisted of 13 species. However, among them, four species were accepted as the genus Clarkcomanthus Rowe, Hoggett, Birtles & Vail, 1986 and nine species was newly classified as the genus Anneissia by Summer et al. (2014). These Anneissia species are distributed in the Indo-western Pacific Ocean, from Japan, China, Australia, New Caledonia, southern New Zealand. The usual habitat depth is very variable, from the shoreline to 330 m. Anneissia pinguis was previously reported as a common species in previous localities in the eastern and southern waters of Japan ( Clark, 1931). Our specimens were collected in Korea, and our report indicates new information on the distribution of this species. There were no remarkable differences in morphological characteristics compared with the original description ( Clark, 1909) and other diagnosis ( Clark, 1931), except for coloration. In previous descriptions, the usual color varied from white to dark brown. Most of our specimens were same, however the specimen collected from Jeju Island was blue with white rays, and the specimen that was completely yellow when both alive and preserved in alcohol.

In the phylogenetic analysis, pairwise distances ranged from 0.0% to 14.7% within the 12 species of Comasterini , and the intraspecific distances was 0.0-1.7%. The average of interspecific distances between Anneissia species, A. bennetti and A. pinguis , was 6.9%, and the intraspecies genetic distances in the COI sequences of A. pinguis specimens collected was 0.0% (Table 1). The specimens of A. pinguis formed a monophyletic clade at the species level, and were clearly distinguished from their sister groups ( Fig. 2 ). We deposited 658 bp of the COI sequences obtained in this study in GenBank (MT086592-MT086598). These seven sequences of A. pinguis were the first to be deposited in GenBank. We have provided morphological descriptions and molecular data, and these results were used to determine the molecular phylogenetic relationship between Korean crinoid fauna.

with 13 - model 12 0.012 0.219)

P

2

(

K

11 0.003 0.147 0.197 parameter

10 - 0.017 0.103 0.136 0.211 2

Kimura 9 0.007 0.088 0.085 0.135 0.212 using distance 8 0 0.061 0.090 0.090 0.124 0.222 performed pairwise 7 0 0.058 0.060 0.098 0.093 0.132 0.217 calculations Average of 6 0.014 0.040 0.054 0.049 0.091 0.095 0.136 0.213 phylogenetic 5 4 0.002 0.049 0.001 0.043 0.039 0.042 0.043 0.064 0.043 0.056 0.047 0.090 0.087 0.082 0.090 0.132 0.140 0.216 0.198 to according 3 0.013 0.049 0.044 0.045 0.021 0.056 0.054 0.098 0.089 0.131 0.213 COI 2 - 0.111 0.103 0.109 0.096 0.104 0.116 0.100 0.098 0.114 0.140 0.217 mitochondrial 1 0 0.069 0.105 0.099 0.093 0.086 0.098 0.112 0.099 0.100 0.111 0.138 0.210

bp

of 010233 010225 010270 010259 010287 596., KR KR KR KR, KR,

no based on

GenBank Accession MT 086598 - KR 010230 - 010205 KR - 010209 KR -, KR 010216 49178 KM, KR, 010193 KR 010190,, KJ 874997, 010258 KR KR, 010285 species each 086592 875015 010228 010202 010206 010215 874989, 491774, 875016 010266 010260 010284 626556 MT KJ KR KR KR KR KJ KM KJ KR KR KR KC by distances pairwise of

.

replicates

Species

pinguis bennetti

albinotus alternans comanthipinnus littoralis luteofuscum mirabilis mirus parvicirrus wahlbergii

nigra alidis Average.

1

bootstrap Anneissia Anneissia Clarkcomanthus Clarkcomanthus Clarkcomanthus Clarkcomanthus Clarkcomanthus Clarkcomanthus Clarkcomanthus Comanthus Comanthus Comatella Holopus

Table 1,000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Figures

Fig. 1. Anneissia pinguis (AH Clark, 1909). (A) oral view; (B) aboral view; (C) centrodorsal; (D) oral surface and distal pinnules; (E) aboral side; (F) cirrus.AP, anal papilla; C, centrodorsal; CS, cirrus socket; CR, cirrus; M, mouth; PC, pinnule comb; PD, distal pinnule. Scale bars=10mm.

Fig. 2. Neighbor-joining tree of the aligned 596 bp COI sequence for 12 species of tribe Comasterini based on the Kimura 2-parameter model. The GenBank accession numbers used are indicate on each node. Bootstrap values were supported at ≥70.